100 Scientific Studies:  Diabetes And Diet

       

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United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: a 6-year, randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group [see comments] (Ann Intern Med, 1998 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

2 Garg A, et al; Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (N Engl J Med, 1988 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
3 Sinay IR, et al; Diet only or diet and sulfonylureas in mild type II diabetes (NIDDM)? Pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications. (Acta Diabetol Lat, 1988 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
4 UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). IX: Relationships of urinary albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase to glycaemia and hypertension at diagnosis of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and after 3 months diet therapy. (Diabetologia, 1993 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
5 Gumbiner B, et al; Effects of diet composition and ketosis on glycemia during very-low-energy-diet therapy in obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
6 Walker KZ, et al; Body fat distribution and non-insulin-dependent diabetes: comparison of a fiber-rich, high-carbohydrate, low-fat (23%) diet and a 35% fat diet high in monounsaturated fat [see comments] (Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
7 Jovanovic Peterson L, et al; Randomized trial of diet versus diet plus cardiovascular conditioning on glucose levels in gestational diabetes. (Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1989 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
8 Turner RC, et al; Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. (JAMA, 1999 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
9 United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). 13: Relative efficacy of randomly allocated diet, sulphonylurea, insulin, or metformin in patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes followed for three years [see comments] (BMJ, 1995 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
10 Marshall JA, et al; High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet and the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. (Am J Epidemiol, 1991 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
11 Wolever TM, et al; Determinants of diet glycemic index calculated retrospectively from diet records of 342 individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1994 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
12 Bonanome A, et al; Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
13 Singh RB, et al; Diet and lifestyle guidelines and desirable levels of risk factors for the prevention of diabetes and its vascular complications in Indians: a scientific statement of The International College of Nutrition. Indian Consensus Group for the Prevention of Diabetes. (J Cardiovasc Risk, 1997 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
14 Diet and day-to-day variability in a sample of Spanish adults with IDDM or NIDDM. The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the Spanish Diabetes Association (GSEDNu). (Horm Metab Res, 1997 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
15 Persson B, et al; Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Comparative evaluation of two treatment regimens, diet versus insulin and diet. (Diabetes, 1985 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
16 UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). IX: Relationships of urinary albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase to glycaemia and hypertension at diagnosis of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and after 3 months diet therapy. (Diabetologia, 1993 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
17 Bolinder J, et al; Antilipolytic effect of insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after conventional treatment with diet and sulfonylurea. (Acta Med Scand, 1988, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
18 Agarwal VR, et al; Changes in insulin receptor functions of the erythrocyte by treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with glibenclamide and diet control. (Acta Diabetol Lat, 1986 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
19 Maresh M, et al; The effect of diet and insulin on metabolic profiles of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes, 1985 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
20 Hagan J, et al; Lipids: impact on dietary prescription in diabetes [published erratum appears in J Am Diet Assoc 1990 Feb;90(2):202] (J Am Diet Assoc, 1989 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
21 Billingham MS, et al; Lipoprotein subfraction composition in non-obese newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes after treatment with diet and glibenclamide. (Diabetes Res, 1989 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
22 Hanefeld M, et al; Very low calorie diet therapy in obese non-insulin dependent diabetes patients. (Int J Obes, 1989, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
23 ODea K, et al; The effects of diet differing in fat, carbohydrate, and fiber on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type II diabetes. (J Am Diet Assoc, 1989 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
24 Dunn FL, et al; Effect of fat-free diet on insulin requirements in type I diabetes controlled with artificial beta-cell. (Diabetes Care, 1988 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
25 Clothier C; Is diet in diabetes important? (Nutr Health, 1987, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
26 Chantelau EA, et al; Intensive insulin therapy justifies simplification of the diabetes diet: a prospective study in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1987 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
27 Wheeler ML, et al; Diet and exercise in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: implications for dietitians from the NIH Consensus Development Conference. (J Am Diet Assoc, 1987 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
28 Uribe M, et al; Beneficial effect of vegetable protein diet supplemented with psyllium plantago in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and diabetes mellitus. (Gastroenterology, 1985 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
29 Teuscher T, et al; Absence of diabetes in a rural West African population with a high carbohydrate/cassava diet. (Lancet, 1987 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
30 Eeley EA, et al; UKPDS 18: estimated dietary intake in type 2 diabetic patients randomly allocated to diet, sulphonylurea or insulin therapy. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. (Diabet Med, 1996 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
31 Nuttall FQ; The high-carbohydrate diet in diabetes management. (Adv Intern Med, 1988, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
32 Paisey RB, et al; Long-term high fibre, low fat diet in gestational diabetes. (Diabet Med, 1985 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
33 Jensen MD, et al; The roles of diet and exercise in the management of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Mayo Clin Proc, 1986 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
34 Vessby B, et al; Diet therapy for poorly controlled type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. (Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 1985, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
35 Stangenberg M, et al; Effect of treatment with insulin or diet on intermediary metabolites in pregnant women with chemical diabetes in the third trimester of pregnancy. (Acta Diabetol Lat, 1984 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
36 Sheppard MC, et al; The effect of diet on intermediary metabolite concentrations in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. (Diabetologia, 1983 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
37 OBrien T, et al; Lipoprotein compositional changes in the fasting and postprandial state on a high-carbohydrate low-fat and a high-fat diet in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1993 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
38 Tepper BJ, et al; Sweet taste and diet in type II diabetes. (Physiol Behav, 1996 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
39 Levey AS, et al; Glomerular filtration rate measurements in clinical trials. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. (J Am Soc Nephrol, 1993 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
40 Delahanty LM, et al; The role of diet behaviors in achieving improved glycemic control in intensively treated patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. (Diabetes Care, 1993 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
41 Watts GF, et al; Impaired endothelium-dependent and independent dilatation of forearm resistance arteries in men with diet-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes: role of dyslipidaemia. (Clin Sci (Colch), 1996 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
42 deSilva NE, et al; Low incidence of chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing in diet-treated, non-insulin-dependent diabetes. (Lancet, 1981 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
43 UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). X. Urinary albumin excretion over 3 years in diet-treated type 2, (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, and association with hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. (Diabetologia, 1993 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
44 Stratil M, et al; Diet and Type 2 diabetes. Guidelines for general practice. (Aust Fam Physician, 1993 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
45 Sönksen PH, et al; Non-insulin-dependent diabetes: 10-year outcome in relation to initial response to diet and subsequent sulfonylurea therapy. (Diabetes Care, 1984 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
46 Gougeon R; Thermic and metabolic responses to oral glucose in obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated with insulin or a very-low-energy diet. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
47 Sondel SA, et al; The role of diet in managing diabetes in children. (Prim Care, 1983 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
48 Vasquez B, et al; Sustained reduction of proteinuria in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes following diet-induced reduction of hyperglycaemia. (Diabetologia, 1984 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
49 Koffler M, et al; Starvation diet and very-low-calorie diets may induce insulin resistance and overt diabetes mellitus. (J Diabetes Complications, 1996 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
50 Chantelau EA, et al; Diet and pump-treated diabetes: a long-term follow-up. (Diabete Metab, 1983 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
51 Scott FW, et al; Evidence for a critical role of diet in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes Res, 1988 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
52 Gohdes D; Diet therapy for minority patients with diabetes. (Diabetes Care, 1988 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
53 Quinn S; Diabetes and diet. We are still learning. (Med Clin North Am, 1993 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
54 Warwood A; Cardiology. Diet, fat and diabetes. (Nurs Stand, 1996 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
55 Uusitupa M, et al; The maintenance of improved metabolic control after intensified diet therapy in recent type 2 diabetes. (Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1993 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
56 Norris JM, et al; A meta-analysis of infant diet and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: do biases play a role? (Epidemiology, 1996 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
57 Willms B, et al; Comparison of acarbose and metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. (Diabet Med, 1999 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
58 Fahey PJ, et al; The athlete with type I diabetes: managing insulin, diet and exercise. (Am Fam Physician, 1996 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
59 Virtanen SM, et al; Associations of serum lipids with metabolic control and diet in young subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Finland. (Eur J Clin Nutr, 1993 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
60 Bak JF, et al; In vivo insulin action and muscle glycogen synthase activity in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: effects of diet treatment. (Diabetologia, 1992 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
61 McMurry JF Jr, et al; A high-wheat bran diet in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus: assessment with the artificial pancreas. (Diabetes Care, 1984 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
62 Ney D, et al; Decreased insulin requirement and improved control of diabetes in pregnant women given a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-fat diet. (Diabetes Care, 1982 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
63 Willms B, et al; Comparison of acarbose and metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. (Diabet Med, 1999 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
64 Lindsay AN, et al; High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet in children with type I diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes Care, 1984 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
65 Billingham MS, et al; Apolipoprotein assays: methodological considerations and studies in non-insulin-dependent diabetes treated by diet, glibenclamide and insulin. (Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 1989 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
66 Colagiuri S, et al; Metabolic effects of adding sucrose and aspartame to the diet of subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1989 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
67 Billingham MS, et al; Lipoprotein subfraction composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes treated by diet, sulphonylurea, and insulin. (Metabolism, 1989 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
68 Viberti GC; Interventions based on microalbuminuria screening and low-protein diet in the treatment of kidney disease of diabetes mellitus. (Am J Kidney Dis, 1989 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
69 Doar JWH, et al; Influence of treatment with diet alone on oral glucose-tolerance test and plasma sugar and insulin levels in patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. (Lancet, 1975 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
70 Gaskin R; Diet, diabetes, hypertension and blacks. (Ethn Dis, 1999 Spr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
71 Fonseca V, et al; Diet and diabetes in the elderly. (Clin Geriatr Med, 1995 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
72 Pietiläinen KH, et al; Diet, obesity, and metabolic control in girls with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. (Arch Dis Child, 1995 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
73 McCulloch DK, et al; Influence of imaginative teaching of diet on compliance and metabolic control in insulin dependent diabetes. (Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1983 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
74 Wolever TM, et al; Beneficial effect of a low glycaemic index diet in type 2 diabetes. (Diabet Med, 1992 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
75 Colditz GA, et al; Diet and risk of clinical diabetes in women. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1992 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
76 Rudberg S, et al; Indications that branched chain amino acids, in addition to glucagon, affect the glomerular filtration rate after a high protein diet in insulin-dependent diabetes. (Diabetes Res, 1991 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
77 Bogardus C, et al; Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes, 1984 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
78 Heilbronn LK, et al; Effect of energy restriction, weight loss, and diet composition on plasma lipids and glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes [see comments] (Diabetes Care, 1999 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
79 Seino Y, et al; Beneficial effects of high protein diet in treatment of mild diabetes. (Hum Nutr Appl Nutr, 1983 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
80 Wolffenbuttel BH, et al; Limitations of diet therapy in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Int J Obes, 1989, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
81 Watson JF, et al; Perceived and actual knowledge of diet by individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. (Diabetes Educ, 1992 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
82 Savage PJ, et al; Normalization of insulin and glucagon secretion in ketosis-resistant diabetes mellitus with prolonged diet therapy. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1979 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
83 Mühlhauser I, et al; Liberalized diet in patients with type 1 diabetes. (J Intern Med, 1995 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
84 Halle M, et al; Influence of 4 weeks' intervention by exercise and diet on low-density lipoprotein subfractions in obese men with type 2 diabetes. (Metabolism, 1999 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
85 Vanninen E, et al; Habitual physical activity, aerobic capacity and metabolic control in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: effect of 1-year diet and exercise intervention. (Diabetologia, 1992 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
86 Nielsen NV; Diabetic retinopathy II. The course of retinopathy in diabetics treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents and diet regime alone. A one year epidemiological cohort study of diabetes mellitus. The Island of Falster, Denmark. (Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh), 1984 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
87 Gutierrez M, et al; Utility of a short-term 25% carbohydrate diet on improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (J Am Coll Nutr, 1998 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
88 Schmidt LE, et al; Reproducibility of a comprehensive diet history in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. The DCCT Research Group. (J Am Diet Assoc, 1994 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
89 Wing RR, et al; Year-long weight loss treatment for obese patients with type II diabetes: does including an intermittent very-low-calorie diet improve outcome? (Am J Med, 1994 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
90 Rotella CM, et al; Short cycles of very low calorie diet in the therapy of obese type II diabetes mellitus. (J Endocrinol Invest, 1994 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
91 Garg A, et al; Effects of varying carbohydrate content of diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [see comments] (JAMA, 1994 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
92 Fitz JD, et al; A hypocaloric high-protein diet as primary therapy for adults with obesity-related diabetes: effective long-term use in a community hospital. (Diabetes Care, 1983 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
93 Amatruda JM, et al; The safety and efficacy of a controlled low-energy ('very-low-calorie') diet in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes and obesity. (Arch Intern Med, 1988 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
94 Arseneau DL, et al; A comparison of learning activity packages and classroom instruction for diet management of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes Educ, 1994 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
95 Van Ness MM, et al; High-fiber diet: its role in the treatment of diabetes mellitus reviewed. (Va Med, 1979 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
96 Grandis AS, et al; Gestational diabetes: maternal response to diet and insulin therapy as reflected by glycosylated hemoglobin concentration. (Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1987 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
97 Kaplan RM, et al; Effects of diet and exercise interventions on control and quality of life in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (J Gen Intern Med, 1987 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
98 Nielsen NV, et al; C-peptide and insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents or diet alone. A 3 years epidemiological cohort study on the Island of Falster, Denmark. (Diabetes Res, 1987 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
99 Vaaler S, et al; Sorbitol as a sweetener in the diet of insulin-dependent diabetes. (Acta Med Scand, 1987, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
100 Nuttall FQ; Diet and diabetes, a brief overview: personal perspective. (J Am Coll Nutr, 1987 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]


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Record 1 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 24: a 6-year, randomized, controlled trial comparing sulfonylurea, insulin, and metformin therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet therapy. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group [see comments]
Address
 
Source
Ann Intern Med, 1998 Feb, 128:3, 165-75
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Uncertainty exists about the suitability of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin therapy for patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare response to sulfonylurea, insulin, or metformin over 6 years in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes in whom disease could and could not be controlled with diet therapy alone. DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient diabetes clinics of 15 hospitals in the United Kingdom. INTERVENTION: Sulfonylurea (chlorpropamide or glyburide), insulin, or metformin (if patients were obese). PATIENTS: 458 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes that could not be controlled with diet and had hyperglycemic symptoms or fasting plasma glucose levels greater than 15 mmol/L during the initial 3 months of diet therapy (primary diet failure group) and 1620 patients in whom disease was controlled by diet therapy and who had fasting plasma glucose levels of 6 to 15 mmol/L and no hyperglycemic symptoms while receiving diet therapy alone. MEASUREMENTS: Fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin, hemoglobin A1c concentrations, body weight, and therapy required. RESULTS: Compared with the diet-controlled group, the primary diet failure group was younger and less obese and had more retinopathy, lower fasting plasma insulin levels, and reduced beta-cell function. At 6 years, patients allocated to insulin had lower fasting plasma glucose levels than did patients allocated to oral agents, but hemoglobin A1c concentrations were similar. Forty-eight percent (95% CI, 37% to 58%) of patients in the primary diet failure group maintained hemoglobin A1c concentrations less than 0.08. By 6 years, 51% of patients (CI, 42% to 62%) allocated to ultralente insulin required additional short-acting insulin and 66% of patients (CI, 58% to 73%) allocated to sulfonylurea required additional therapy with metformin or insulin to control symptoms and maintain fasting plasma glucose levels less than 15 mmol/L. Patients allocated to insulin gained more weight and had more hypoglycemic attacks than did patients allocated to sulfonylurea. Obese patients allocated to metformin gained the least weight and had the fewest hypoglycemic attacks. For all therapies, control achieved at 6 years was worse in the primary diet failure group than in the diet-controlled group. CONCLUSIONS: Because initial insulin therapy induced more hypoglycemic reactions and weight gain without necessarily providing better control, it may be reasonable to start with oral agents and change to insulin if goals for glycemic levels are not achieved.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98108431

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/CO/DH/*DT; Hypoglycemic Agents|*TU; Insulin|*TU; Metformin|*TU; Sulfonylurea Compounds|*TU
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Combined Modality Therapy; Comparative Study; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Great Britain; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Hypoglycemia|ET; Male; Middle Age; Obesity|BL/CO; Prospective Studies; Statistics; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0003-4819
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 2 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Garg A; Bonanome A; Grundy SM; Zhang ZJ; Unger RH
Address
Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9052.
Source
N Engl J Med, 1988 Sep, 319:13, 829-34
Abstract
We compared a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-fat diet (specifically, a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids) for effects on glycemic control and plasma lipoproteins in 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) receiving insulin therapy. The patients were randomly assigned to receive first one diet and then the other, each for 28 days, in a metabolic ward. In the high-carbohydrate diet, 25 percent of the energy was in the form of fat and 60 percent in the form of carbohydrates (47 percent of the total energy was in the form of complex carbohydrates); the high-monounsaturated-fat diet was 50 percent fat (33 percent of the total energy in the form of monounsaturated fatty acids) and 35 percent carbohydrates. The two diets had the same amounts of simple carbohydrates and fiber. As compared with the high-carbohydrate diet, the high-monounsaturated-fat diet resulted in lower mean plasma glucose levels and reduced insulin requirements, lower levels of plasma triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (lower by 25 and 35 percent, respectively; P less than 0.01), and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (higher by 13 percent; P less than 0.005). Levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol did not differ significantly in patients on the two diets. These preliminary results suggest that partial replacement of complex carbohydrates with monounsaturated fatty acids in the diets of patients with NIDDM does not increase the level of LDL cholesterol and may improve glycemic control and the levels of plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88318869

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|AN; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Energy Intake; Human; Insulin|AD; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, VLDL|BL; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0028-4793
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 3 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet only or diet and sulfonylureas in mild type II diabetes (NIDDM)? Pathophysiologic and therapeutic implications.
Author
Sinay IR; Arias P; Schnitman MA; Damilano SA; Faingold MC; Moguilevsky JA
Address
Servicio de Endocrinologia, Hospital FrancÆes, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Source
Acta Diabetol Lat, 1988 Oct, 25:4, 289-97
Abstract
Plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide responses to a test meal were studied in 7 nonobese patients with type II diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) treated with diet alone and after 6 months of gliclazide therapy, as well as in 6 matched controls. The glycemic levels were significantly higher (p less than 0.05) in patients under diet alone than in controls and after gliclazide treatment (peak: 12.8 +/- 1.0; 7.9 +/- 0.4 and 10.0 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, respectively; means +/- SEM). Diet and gliclazide treated patients showed a reduced B-cell response during the first hour after the meal as indicated by insulin and C-peptide values and areas (insulin areas 0-60 min: controls 57.9 +/- 10.9; p less than 0.01 vs diet alone 14.2 +/- 2.7 and vs gliclazide 22.1 +/- 2.8 microU/ml/min). The hypoinsulinemic phase lasted from 20 to 60 min before gliclazide, and from 20 to 45 min after gliclazide. The first significant C-peptide increase, detected at 10 min in controls and at 30 min under diet alone, was advanced to 15 min after gliclazide treatment. In conclusion: patients with mild, diet-treated NIDDM show a sluggish and attenuated B-cell response to a physiologic challenge (test meal); this secretory impairment is present even after a complete post-prandial glycemic normalization, supporting the idea of a persistent defect. Nevertheless, the slight improvement observed in insulin secretion after gliclazide treatment may be promoting, at least partially, the normalization of prandial hyperglycemia. The benefits of this normalization in diabetic patients previously controlled by diet only await further investigation.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89224955

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DT/UR; Diabetic Diet|*; Hypoglycemic Agents|*TU
MeSH Heading
Aged; Blood Glucose|AN; C-Peptide|BL/UR; Combined Modality Therapy; Comparative Study; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Hypoglycemia|ET; Insulin|BL; Male; Middle Age; Reference Values

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0001-5563
Country of Publication
ITALY

Record 4 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). IX: Relationships of urinary albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase to glycaemia and hypertension at diagnosis of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and after 3 months diet therapy.
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1993 Sep, 36:9, 835-42
Abstract
In 672 newly-diagnosed, Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients without urinary infection, aged 51 (9) years, mean (1 SD), 28% of patients had raised albuminuria, defined as albumin excretion greater than 25 mg/l and 66% raised urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase excretion defined as greater than 300 mumol.h-1.l-1 (both urinary analytes corrected by linear regression on urinary creatinine to 10 mmol/1). In a univariate analysis, urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase and albumin excretion correlated with each other (rs = 0.42, p < 0.001), and with fasting plasma glucose (rs = 0.46 and rs = 0.27, p < 0.001, respectively). The association of urinary albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase remained significant after taking the fasting plasma glucose levels into account, partial rs = 0.34, p < 0.001. After 3 months of dietary therapy BMI decreased from 29.7 (5.9) kg/m2 to 28.8 (5.8) kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose levels from 12.2 (3.8) mmol/l to 9.8 (3.8) mmol/l, and systolic blood pressure from 143 (21.8) mmHg to 131 (20.3) mmHg, p < 0.001 for each variable. There were concomitant decreases in urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase, geometric mean (1 SD interval), 397 mumol.h-1.l-1 (216 to 728) to 291 mumol.h-1.l-1 (160 to 528), p < 0.001 and in albumin excretion 16 mg/l (5 to 51) to 13 mg/l (4 to 40), p < 0.001. The decrease in urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase, but not the decrease in urinary albumin excretion, was associated with the initial degree of glycaemia and the decrease in glycaemia in response to diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94010013

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Acetylglucosaminidase|BL/*UR; Albuminuria|*; Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*CO/DH/*PP; Diabetic Diet|*; Hypertension|CO/*PP
MeSH Heading
Biological Markers|BL/UR; Blood Pressure; Female; Great Britain; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Male; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY

Record 5 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of diet composition and ketosis on glycemia during very-low-energy-diet therapy in obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Gumbiner B; Wendel JA; McDermott MP
Address
Department of Medicine, Monroe Community Hospital, Rochester, NY 14620, USA.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Jan, 63:1, 110-5
Abstract
To determine whether high-ketogenic very-low-energy diets (VLEDs) can reduce hepatic glucose output (HGO) and hyperglycemia more effectively than can low-ketogenic VLEDs in obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), seven patients were treated with a high-ketogenic VLED for 3 wk and were compared with six patients treated with a low-ketogenic VLED. All patients were then crossed over and treated with the alternate diet for another 3 wk. Basal HGO, fasting ketone bodies, and glycemia, insulin, and C-peptide after fasting and an oral-glucose-tolerance test (OGTT) were measured. Before treatment, prediet weight and fasting, OGTT, and HGO measurements were not different between groups. After dieting, weight loss was not different between the groups. However, fasting and OGTT glycemia were lower during treatment with the high-ketogenic VLED than with the low-ketogenic VLED (treatment effect: P < 0.05, by analysis of variance). Moreover, there was a strong correlation between basal HGO and fasting plasma ketone bodies (r = -0.71 at 3 wk, r = -0.67 at 6 wk; both P < 0.05). In contrast, fasting and OGTT plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations were not different between treatment groups. These data indicate that in obese patients with NIDDM, high-ketogenic VLEDs have a more clinically favorable effect on glycemia than do low-ketogenic VLEDs.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96112784

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/*CO; Diet, Reducing|*; Ketosis|*CO; Obesity|BL/CO/*DH
MeSH Heading
C-Peptide|BL; Comparative Study; Cross-Over Studies; Energy Metabolism; Female; Glucose|ME; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL; Ketone Bodies|BL; Liver|ME; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 6 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Body fat distribution and non-insulin-dependent diabetes: comparison of a fiber-rich, high-carbohydrate, low-fat (23%) diet and a 35% fat diet high in monounsaturated fat [see comments]
Author
Walker KZ; ODea K; Johnson L; Sinclair AJ; Piers LS; Nicholson GC; Muir JG
Address
School of Nutrition and Public Health, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Feb, 63:2, 254-60
Abstract
The effects of a fiber-rich, high-carbohydrate, low-fat (HCLF) diet and a modified-fat (MF) diet high in monounsaturated fat on body fat distribution were examined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 16 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM) during a randomized crossover study. Subjects lost similar amounts of body fat consuming the HCLF and MF diets (-0.83 +/- 0.37 and -0.87 +/- 0.40 kg, respectively) despite a marked difference in total fat consumption. With the MF diet, the ratio of upper- to lower-body fat (UF:LF) remained unchanged because fat was lost proportionately from the upper and lower body. In contrast, with the HCLF diet, a disproportionate loss of lower-body fat caused the UF:LF to increase. The effects of diet on regional body fat loss were significant (P < 0.05, two-factor repeated-measures ANOVA).
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96148840

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Adipose Tissue|*AH/ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH/ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD
MeSH Heading
Anthropometry; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Comparative Study; Cross-Over Studies; Densitometry, X-Ray; Fatty Acids|BL; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Patient Compliance; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 7 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Randomized trial of diet versus diet plus cardiovascular conditioning on glucose levels in gestational diabetes.
Author
Jovanovic Peterson L; Durak EP; Peterson CM
Address
Sansum Medical Research Foundation, Santa Barbara, CA 93105.
Source
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1989 Aug, 161:2, 415-9
Abstract
We studied the impact of a training program on glucose tolerance in gestational diabetes mellitus. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (N = 19) were randomized into either group I, a 6-week diet alone group (24 to 30 kcal/kg/24 hours; 20% protein, 40% carbohydrate, 40% fat), or group II, which followed the same diet plus exercise (20 minutes three times a week for 6 weeks). An arm ergometer was used to maintain heart rate in the training range. Glycemic response was monitored by glycosylated hemoglobin, a 50 gm oral glucose challenge with a fasting and 1-hour plasma glucose, and blood glucose self-monitoring, fasting and 1 hour after meals. Week 1 glycemic parameters were the same for both groups. Week 6 data (mean +/- SD) were as follows: group I glycosylated hemoglobin, 4.7% + 0.2% versus group II, 4.2% +/- 0.2%; p less than 0.001. The group I glucose challenge fasting value was 87.6 +/- 6.2 versus 70.1 +/- 6.6 mg/dl, p less than 0.001 for group II. The group I 1-hour plasma glucose challenge result was 187.5 +/- 12.9 mg/dl versus 105.9 +/- 18.9 mg/dl for group II, p less than 0.001. The glycemic levels diverged between the groups at week 4. We conclude that arm ergometer training is feasible in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and results in lower glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting, and 1-hour plasma glucose concentrations than diet alone. Arm ergometer training may provide a useful treatment option for women with gestational diabetes mellitus and may obviate insulin treatment.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89349274

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*AN; Cardiovascular System|*PP; Diabetic Diet|*; Exercise Therapy|*; Pregnancy in Diabetes|BL/*DH
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Combined Modality Therapy; Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Time Factors

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0002-9378
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 8 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Glycemic control with diet, sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: progressive requirement for multiple therapies (UKPDS 49). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group.
Author
Turner RC; Cull CA; Frighi V; Holman RR
Address
Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, England. robert.turner@drl.ox.ac.uk
Source
JAMA, 1999 Jun, 281:21, 2005-12
Abstract
CONTEXT: Treatment with diet alone, insulin, sulfonylurea, or metformin is known to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but which treatment most frequently attains target fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration of less than 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) or glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) below 7% is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess how often each therapy can achieve the glycemic control target levels set by the American Diabetes Association. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial conducted between 1977 and 1997. Patients were recruited between 1977 and 1991 and were followed up every 3 months for 3, 6, and 9 years after enrollment. SETTING: Outpatient diabetes clinics in 15 UK hospitals. PATIENTS: A total of 4075 patients newly diagnosed as having type 2 diabetes ranged in age between 25 and 65 years and had a median (interquartile range) FPG concentration of 11.5 (9.0-14.4) mmol/L [207 (162-259) mg/dL], HbA1c levels of 9.1% (7.5%-10.7%), and a mean (SD) body mass index of 29 (6) kg/m2. INTERVENTIONS: After 3 months on a low-fat, high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet, patients were randomized to therapy with diet alone, insulin, sulfonylurea, or metformin. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels, and the proportion of patients who achieved target levels below 7% HbA1c or less than 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) FPG at 3, 6, or 9 years following diagnosis. RESULTS: The proportion of patients who maintained target glycemic levels declined markedly over 9 years of follow-up. After 9 years of monotherapy with diet, insulin, or sulfonylurea, 8%, 42%, and 24%, respectively, achieved FPG levels of less than 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) and 9%, 28%, and 24% achieved HbA1c levels below 7%. In obese patients randomized to metformin, 18% attained FPG levels of less than 7.8 mmol/L (140 mg/dL) and 13% attained HbA1c levels below 7%. Patients less likely to achieve target levels were younger, more obese, or more hyperglycemic than other patients. CONCLUSIONS: Each therapeutic agent, as monotherapy, increased 2- to 3-fold the proportion of patients who attained HbA1c below 7% compared with diet alone. However, the progressive deterioration of diabetes control was such that after 3 years approximately 50% of patients could attain this goal with monotherapy, and by 9 years this declined to approximately 25%. The majority of patients need multiple therapies to attain these glycemic target levels in the longer term.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99285922

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH/*DT; Hypoglycemic Agents|*TU; Insulin|*TU; Metformin|*TU; Sulfonylurea Compounds|*TU
MeSH Heading
Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fiber; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Age; Multivariate Analysis; Prospective Studies; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0098-7484
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 9 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). 13: Relative efficacy of randomly allocated diet, sulphonylurea, insulin, or metformin in patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes followed for three years [see comments]
Address
 
Source
BMJ, 1995 Jan, 310:6972, 83-8
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To assess the relative efficacy of treatments for non-insulin dependent diabetes over three years from diagnosis. DESIGN--Multicentre, randomised, controlled trial allocating patients to treatment with diet alone or additional chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, insulin, or metformin (if obese) to achieve fasting plasma glucose concentrations < or = 6 mmol/l. SETTING--Outpatient diabetic clinics in 15 British hospitals. SUBJECTS--2520 subjects who, after a three month dietary run in period, had fasting plasma glucose concentrations of 6.1-14.9 mmol/l but no hyperglycaemic symptoms. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Fasting plasma glucose, glycated haemoglobin, and fasting plasma insulin concentrations; body weight; compliance; and hypoglycaemia. RESULTS--Median fasting plasma glucose concentrations were significantly lower at three years in patients allocated to chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, or insulin rather than diet alone (7.0, 7.6, 7.4, and 9.0 mmol/l respectively; P < 0.001) with lower mean glycated haemoglobin values (6.8%, 6.9%, 7.0%, and 7.6%, respectively; P < 0.001). Mean body weight increased significantly with chlorpropamide, glibenclamide, and insulin but not diet (by 3.5, 4.8, 4.8, and 1.7 kg; P < 0.001). A similar pattern was seen for mean fasting plasma insulin concentration (by 0.9, 1.2, 2.4, and -0.1 mU/l; P < 0.001). In obese subjects metformin was as effective as the other drugs with no change in mean body weight and significant reduction in mean fasting plasma insulin concentration (-2.5 mU/l; P < 0.001). More hypoglycaemic episodes occurred with sulphonylurea or insulin than with diet or metformin. CONCLUSION--The drugs had similar glucose lowering efficacy, although most patients remained hyperglycaemic. Long term follow up is required to determine the risk-benefit ratio of the glycaemic improvement, side effects, changes in body weight, and plasma insulin concentration.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
95135213

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/DH/*TH; Insulin|BL/*TU; Metformin|*TU; Sulfonylurea Compounds|*TU
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Body Weight|PH; Chlorpropamide|TU; Comparative Study; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glyburide|TU; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Obesity in Diabetes|BL; Patient Compliance; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0959-8138
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 10 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet and the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study.
Author
Marshall JA; Hamman RF; Baxter J
Address
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
Source
Am J Epidemiol, 1991 Sep, 134:6, 590-603
Abstract
Diet has long been believed to be an important risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Animal studies generally support a relation between high-fat diets and development of insulin resistance. However, conclusive epidemiologic evidence is lacking. To further investigate the role of dietary fat and carbohydrate as potential risk factors for the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, current diet was assessed among a geographically based group of 1,317 subjects without a prior diagnosis of diabetes who were seen in the period from 1984 to 1988 in two countries in southern Colorado. In this study, 24-hour diet recalls were reported prior to an oral glucose tolerance test. Persons with previously undiagnosed diabetes (n = 70) and impaired glucose tolerance (n = 171) were each compared with confirmed normal controls (n = 1,076). The adjusted odds ratios relating a 40-g/day increase in fat intake to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance were 1.51 (95% confidence interval 0.85-2.67) and 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.09-2.41), respectively. Restricting cases to diabetic persons with fasting glucose greater than 140 mg/dl and persons with impaired glucose tolerance confirmed on follow-up, the odds ratios increased to 3.03 (95% confidence interval 1.07-8.62) and 2.67 (95% confidence interval 1.33-5.36), respectively. The findings support the hypothesis that high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets are associated with the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in humans.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
92058931

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*ET/ME; Diet|*AE; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AE; Dietary Fats|*AE/ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Comparative Study; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Proteins|AE; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hispanic Americans; Human; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Age; Odds Ratio; Risk; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9262
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 11 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Determinants of diet glycemic index calculated retrospectively from diet records of 342 individuals with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Wolever TM; Nguyen PM; Chiasson JL; Hunt JA; Josse RG; Palmason C; Rodger NW; Ross SA; Ryan EA; Tan MH
Address
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1994 Jun, 59:6, 1265-9
Abstract
Controlled trials have shown that a diet with a low glycemic index improves blood glucose and lipid control in patients with diabetes. To study the distribution and determinants of diet glycemic index, we obtained two 3-d diet records from 342 free-living subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Mean +/- SD 24-h intakes were as follows: energy, 7170 +/- 1890 kJ; fat, 33.6 +/- 6.5% of energy; protein, 20.1 +/- 3.2% of energy; available carbohydrate, 45.3 +/- 7.2% of energy; and dietary fiber, 17.2 +/- 6.4 g. Diet glycemic index values (85.4 +/- 4.55, range, 70-97.8) were normally distributed. Diet glycemic index was inversely associated with intake of simple sugars, whether expressed in grams (r = -0.426), percent of energy (r = -0.446), or percent of carbohydrate (r = -0.453, P < 0.001). By step-wise-multiple-linear regression, grams carbohydrate and percent protein were also independently related to diet glycemic index. Differences in diet glycemic index between men and women, and between subjects on different types of diabetes therapy were explained by differences in intake of simple sugars.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94256407

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*ME; Diet Records|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*ME
MeSH Heading
Female; Human; Male; Models, Theoretical; Reference Values; Retrospective Studies; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 12 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids.
Author
Bonanome A; Visonà A; Lusiani L; Beltramello G; Confortin L; Biffanti S; Sorgato F; Costa F; Pagnan A
Address
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 Sep, 54:3, 586-90
Abstract
Nineteen patients affected by non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in good glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose 7.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin 6.3 +/- 0.2%), underwent three isocaloric dietary phases. In phases 1 and 3 the diet was rich in complex carbohydrates (Carbo) whereas in phase 2 it was rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (Mono). Plasma glucose concentrations were 7.1 +/- 0.3 and 7.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L for the two Carbo phases and 7.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/L for the Mono phase (NS). Plasma total cholesterol values for the Carbo phases were 6.2 +/- 0.2 and 6.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/L, respectively, and 6.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/L on the Mono phase (NS). Similarly, no significant changes were noticed for plasma triglycerides and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Thus, both diets were well-tolerated and did not alter glucose homeostasis or worsen plasma lipid concentrations. Consequently, these results suggest that a wider dietary choice can be made available to NIDDM patients without producing unwanted side effects.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
91344918

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/*ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*PD; Dietary Fats|*AD/PD; Lipids|BL/*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated|AD/PD; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 13 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet and lifestyle guidelines and desirable levels of risk factors for the prevention of diabetes and its vascular complications in Indians: a scientific statement of The International College of Nutrition. Indian Consensus Group for the Prevention of Diabetes.
Author
Singh RB; Rastogi SS; Rao PV; Das S; Madhu SV; Das AK; Sahay BK; Fuse SM; Beegom R; Sainani GS; Shah NA
Address
Centre of Nutrition, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, India.
Source
J Cardiovasc Risk, 1997 Jun, 4:3, 201-8
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in India, in association with rapid changes in diet and lifestyle. In adults, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and coronary artery disease is two- to threefold greater in the urban population than in rural populations; it is associated with modest insulin resistance in urban groups. METHODS: In response to a proposal by the International College of Nutrition that specialist experts should develop consensus recommendations for the prevention of chronic diseases, Indian specialists in diabetes and vascular disease have collaborated to produce guidelines relevant to the population of India. RECOMMENDATIONS: Because Indian urban populations have a modest increase in overweight and low rates of obesity in association with the rapid emergence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk, a body mass index of 21 kg/m2 should be considered safe, with a range of 19-23 kg/m2 acceptable; > 23 kg/m2 should be considered overweight, and > 25 kg/m2 should be taken to indicate obesity. A waist:hip ratio > 0.88 in males and > 0.85 in females should be considered to indicate central obesity, because the prevalence of coronary disease, hypertension and associated disturbances of insulin resistance are more common above these limits. For the prevention of vascular disease, there is general international consensus that the desirable serum concentration of cholesterol should be < 170 mg/dl (> 4.42 mmol/l), which may also be optimal for Indians; values between 170 and 200 mg/dl (4.42-5.2 mmol/l) should be considered borderline. The critical values for low density lipoprotein cholesterol may be < 90 mg/dl (ideal), 90-110 mg/dl (borderline high) and > 110 mg/dl (high) (< 2.32, 2.32-2.84 and > 2.84 mmol/l, respectively). Fasting triglycerides should be < 150 mg/dl (< 1.69 mmol/l) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol > 35 mg/dl (> 0.9 mmol/l). The limit for the total energy derived from fat intake should be < 21%/day (7% each for saturated, polyunsaturated and mono-unsaturated fatty acids). The carbohydrate intake should provide more than 65% of daily energy, mainly from complex carbohydrates. A daily dietary intake of 400 g fruits, vegetables and legumes, 400 g cereals, in conjunction with 25 g soya bean or mustard or canola oils (rich in n-3 fatty acids) in place of fats rich in saturated fat, may be protective against diabetes and vascular disease. Moderate physical activity with the aim of burning 300 Kcal/day (> 1255 KJ/day), and cessation of tobacco and alcohol consumption, may provide an effective programme for prevention of diabetes and its vascular complications in Indians.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98133822

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cardiovascular Diseases|EP/ET/*PC; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|CO/EP/*PC; Diabetic Angiopathies|EP/ET/*PC; Diet|*; Life Style|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Body Mass Index; Decision Making; Female; Human; Hypertension|CO; Incidence; India|EP; International Cooperation; Male; Risk Factors

Publication Type
GUIDELINE; JOURNAL ARTICLE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
1350-6277
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 14 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet and day-to-day variability in a sample of Spanish adults with IDDM or NIDDM. The Diabetes and Nutrition Study Group of the Spanish Diabetes Association (GSEDNu).
Address
 
Source
Horm Metab Res, 1997 Sep, 29:9, 450-3
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the nutritional pattern, including the day-to-day variability in the macronutrients consumption, in Spanish adults with IDDM or NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The diabetes Nutrition and Complications Trial (DNCT) is a prospective multicentre study designed for finding out which is the nutritional behaviour of diabetic subjects in Spain, based on a diet record that patients prospectively fill in for 7 days. Day-to-day variability in nutrients intake is given as the mean of the mean standard deviations of the daily macronutrients intake, as well as the mean of the mean coefficients of variation. Glycaemic control was assessed by measuring the HbA1c during the study period and the mean of the 3 previous determinations. Data of the first 60 patients (30 IDDM, M/F 15/15, 30 NIDDM, M/F 15/15) are shown in this paper. RESULTS: The overall energy intake of Spanish subjects with IDDM or NIDDM, expressed as median, are 1978 and 1707 Kcal/ day, respectively, were distributed as follows (IDDM and NIDDM): Carbohydrate 36.5 and 37.4%, protein 17.9 and 20.0%, fat 41.7 and 36.8% (saturated 14.7 and 11.6%, polyunsaturated 5.0 and 4.2%, monounsaturated 22.1 and 20.8%, saturated/total fat ratio 0.29 and 0.26, cholesterol 279 and 245 mg), alcohol 2.6 and 4.2%, dietary fibre 19 and 15 gr. Women received less energy than men and subjects with NIDDM ate less than subjects with IDDM (both p < 0.05). The means of the standard deviations of the average carbohydrate intake were 37.0 +/- 20.1 and 28.9 +/- 20.9 g., whereas the means of the coefficients of variation were 18.3 +/- 8.5 and 15.5%, expressed as the average percentage of carbohydrates intake for both IDDM and NIDDM subjects, respectively. There was no correlation between the day-to-day variability in carbohydrate intake and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS: Diet of diabetic patients in Spain is low in carbohydrate and high in fat content, mainly monounsaturated fat. Day-to-day variability in carbohydrate intake is not associated with the glycaemic control.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98037082

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*/BL/DH; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*/BL/DH; Diet|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Proteins|AD; Energy Intake; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Nutrition; Spain; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0018-5043
Country of Publication
GERMANY

Record 15 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Comparative evaluation of two treatment regimens, diet versus insulin and diet.
Author
Persson B; Stangenberg M; Hansson U; Nordlander E
Address
 
Source
Diabetes, 1985 Jun, 34 Suppl 2:, 101-5
Abstract
Two-hundred and two pregnant women with impaired glucose tolerance were randomized to treatment with diet or diet and insulin by stratified selection. Self-monitoring of blood glucose was performed six times a day, 3 days/wk. Dietary treatment was considered inappropriate if fasting and postprandial blood glucose values exceeded 7 and 9 mmol/L, respectively, in which case insulin therapy was instituted. Insulin doses were adjusted according to blood glucose values, aiming at fasting and postprandial values below 5 and 6.5 mmol/L, respectively. There were no perinatal deaths. The two treatment regimens disclosed no differences regarding achieved degree of maternal blood glucose control, hemoglobin A1c at delivery, obstetric or neonatal complications, infant's size at birth including skin-fold thickness, or C-peptide concentration in cord serum. Routine treatment of pregnant women with mild carbohydrate intolerance with insulin seems unnecessary. However, 15 patients (14%) in the diet group needed insulin to achieve acceptable blood glucose control, underlining the importance of monitoring blood glucose to detect those who are at risk of developing overt diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
85204937

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Insulin|*TU; Pregnancy in Diabetes|BL/*DH/DT
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Blood Glucose|ME; C-Peptide|BL; Comparative Study; Evaluation Studies; Female; Fetal Blood|ME; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Hypoglycemia|EP; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases|EP; Middle Age; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0012-1797
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 16 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). IX: Relationships of urinary albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase to glycaemia and hypertension at diagnosis of type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and after 3 months diet therapy.
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1993 Sep, 36:9, 835-42
Abstract
In 672 newly-diagnosed, Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients without urinary infection, aged 51 (9) years, mean (1 SD), 28% of patients had raised albuminuria, defined as albumin excretion greater than 25 mg/l and 66% raised urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase excretion defined as greater than 300 mumol.h-1.l-1 (both urinary analytes corrected by linear regression on urinary creatinine to 10 mmol/1). In a univariate analysis, urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase and albumin excretion correlated with each other (rs = 0.42, p < 0.001), and with fasting plasma glucose (rs = 0.46 and rs = 0.27, p < 0.001, respectively). The association of urinary albumin and N-acetylglucosaminidase remained significant after taking the fasting plasma glucose levels into account, partial rs = 0.34, p < 0.001. After 3 months of dietary therapy BMI decreased from 29.7 (5.9) kg/m2 to 28.8 (5.8) kg/m2, fasting plasma glucose levels from 12.2 (3.8) mmol/l to 9.8 (3.8) mmol/l, and systolic blood pressure from 143 (21.8) mmHg to 131 (20.3) mmHg, p < 0.001 for each variable. There were concomitant decreases in urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase, geometric mean (1 SD interval), 397 mumol.h-1.l-1 (216 to 728) to 291 mumol.h-1.l-1 (160 to 528), p < 0.001 and in albumin excretion 16 mg/l (5 to 51) to 13 mg/l (4 to 40), p < 0.001. The decrease in urinary N-acetylglucosaminidase, but not the decrease in urinary albumin excretion, was associated with the initial degree of glycaemia and the decrease in glycaemia in response to diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94010013

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Acetylglucosaminidase|BL/*UR; Albuminuria|*; Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*CO/DH/*PP; Diabetic Diet|*; Hypertension|CO/*PP
MeSH Heading
Biological Markers|BL/UR; Blood Pressure; Female; Great Britain; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Male; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY

Record 17 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Antilipolytic effect of insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus after conventional treatment with diet and sulfonylurea.
Author
Bolinder J; Arner P
Address
Department of Medicine, Huddinge University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Sweden.
Source
Acta Med Scand, 1988, 224:5, 451-9
Abstract
Insulin-induced antilipolysis was investigated in fat cells obtained after an overnight fast and 60 min after glucose ingestion in seven non-obese patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). The study was performed before and after long-term therapy with diet and glibenclamide. After treatment, the antilipolytic potency of insulin in fat cells was threefold enhanced (p less than 0.05) in the fasting state and remained unaltered after glucose ingestion. In untreated NIDDM oral glucose induced a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in insulin sensitivity. In consequence, in the glucose-fed state insulin sensitivity was similar before and after therapy. Adipocyte insulin receptor binding was comparable before and after therapy, both in the fasting state and following glucose intake. In untreated NIDDM, despite relative hypoinsulinemia, plasma glycerol was markedly reduced after oral glucose. After therapy, plasma glycerol was significantly reduced both in the fasting state and following glucose ingestion. At the same time, fasting and glucose-stimulated circulating insulin were significantly (p less than 0.01) increased. It is concluded that conventional antidiabetes therapy in NIDDM mediates a suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis. This seems to be due to an improvement in insulin secretion in combination with a potentiation of the antilipolytic effectiveness of insulin in fat cells in the fasting state, the latter being secondary to post-binding alterations in insulin action.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89074319

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|ME/*TH; Diabetic Diet|*; Glyburide|*TU; Insulin|*BL; Lipolysis|*DE; Receptor, Insulin|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adipose Tissue|ME; Adult; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycerol|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0001-6101
Country of Publication
SWEDEN

Record 18 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Changes in insulin receptor functions of the erythrocyte by treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients with glibenclamide and diet control.
Author
Agarwal VR; Rastogi AK; Agarwal CG; Sagar P
Address
 
Source
Acta Diabetol Lat, 1986 Jul, 23:3, 233-8
Abstract
The insulin binding of erythrocytes from: (i) fifteen age-matched normal subjects, (ii) ten untreated NIDDM patients and (iii) fifteen treated (glibenclamide + hypocaloric diet) NIDDM patients (all males) has been studied. A significant decrease in specific insulin binding was observed in group (ii) which improved in cases controlled after treatment (group iii). Scatchard analysis of the results suggested that changes in insulin binding were due to alteration in the number of insulin receptors on erythrocytes. The number of insulin receptors/cell was 471 in normals, 160 in diabetics and 282 in treated diabetic subjects. No significant change in the binding affinity was observed in the three groups (1.0 X 10(8), 1.2 X 10(8) and 1.1 X 10(8) M-1 in normal subjects, untreated diabetics and treated diabetics, respectively).
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87072360

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL/DH/DT; Erythrocytes|*ME; Glyburide|*TU; Receptor, Insulin|*PH
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0001-5563
Country of Publication
ITALY

Record 19 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The effect of diet and insulin on metabolic profiles of women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Author
Maresh M; Gillmer MD; Beard RW; Alderson CS; Bloxham BA; Elkeles RS
Address
 
Source
Diabetes, 1985 Jun, 34 Suppl 2:, 88-93
Abstract
Twenty women with abnormal glucose tolerance, detected from a routine program of antenatal screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) at 28 wk, were admitted for 24-h metabolic profiles. They were then alternately allocated to either insulin and dietary restriction or dietary restriction alone and then retested 4 wk later while on therapy. Ten normal controls were assessed twice at similar gestations to the study group. Before treatment, the 20 gestational diabetic subjects had higher mean concentrations of plasma glucose and 3-hydroxybutyrate than the controls for most of the profile, but mean insulin values were similar. Insulin therapy was associated with a reduction in mean glucose concentrations so that the profile was similar to the controls, while in the diet-alone group the reduction was less. The 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations rose between profiles in the normal group and also rose in those treated by diet alone, but still remained within the upper range of normal even at night. Insulin therapy resulted in a similar 3-hydroxybutyrate profile to the controls. The C-peptide response to breakfast was reduced in both groups to levels below that of the controls. Neonatal outcome indices were similar in the two treatment groups, despite the differences in maternal metabolites, but because of the size of this study, conclusions about the neonate must be tentative.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
85204959

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Insulin|BL/*TU; Pregnancy in Diabetes|BL/*DH/DT
MeSH Heading
Adult; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose|ME; Body Weight; C-Peptide|BL; Circadian Rhythm; Comparative Study; Female; Gestational Age; Human; Hydroxybutyrates|BL; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-1797
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 20 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Lipids: impact on dietary prescription in diabetes [published erratum appears in J Am Diet Assoc 1990 Feb;90(2):202]
Author
Hagan J; Wylie Rosett J
Address
Department of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461.
Source
J Am Diet Assoc, 1989 Aug, 89:8, 1104-8, 1111
Abstract
The rate of death from coronary artery disease is two to three times higher among individuals with diabetes than among their age- and sex-matched peers. In diabetes, many factors may affect blood lipid levels and complicate formulating an effective dietary prescription. Both Type I and Type II diabetes may have an independent effect on lipids. This article discusses metabolic derivations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism that contribute to lipid abnormalities. The National Cholesterol Education Program Guidelines, which include dietary recommendations for lowering blood lipid levels by modifying fat intake, are discussed in regard to their effect on blood lipids in diabetes and their effect on other variables, such as blood glucose control. Other treatment approaches common in diabetes and lipid management include low-calorie diets and weight reduction, a change in the fatty acid composition of the diet, and high-carbohydrate diets. An evaluation of the etiologies of lipid abnormalities and interventions directed toward lipid levels and other indexes of diabetes management may lead to improved lipid levels, improved blood glucose control, and avoidance of unnecessary, ineffective, or deleterious dietary prescriptions for individuals with diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89341195

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|BL/CO/*DT; Lipids|*BL
MeSH Heading
Coronary Disease|ET; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Proteins|AD; Ethanol|AE; Human; Hyperlipidemia|DH/ET; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0002-8223
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 21 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Lipoprotein subfraction composition in non-obese newly diagnosed non-insulin dependent diabetes after treatment with diet and glibenclamide.
Author
Billingham MS; Milles JJ; Bailey CJ; Hall RA
Address
Department of Biochemistry, Good Hope Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Source
Diabetes Res, 1989 May, 11:1, 13-20
Abstract
The composition and concentrations of fasting plasma lipoproteins were determined in a prospective study of 11 +/- 2 (mean +/- 1 SD) months in 16 non-obese (body mass index less than or equal to 30) patients with Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus at diagnosis, treated by diet alone or diet plus glibenclamide (2.5-7.5 mg/day). Compared with normal subjects matched for sex, age, body mass index, exercise, alcohol consumption and smoking, Type 2 patients at diagnosis showed increased concentrations of non-esterified and esterified cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid and protein in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction. The apolipoprotein (apo) B concentrations was also raised, but low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were not significantly altered in Type 2 patients at diagnosis. Plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) non-esterified and esterified cholesterol, HDL phospholipid and apo AI were lower in Type 2 patients at diagnosis. This was largely accounted for by a reduced number of HDL2 molecules of normal composition. After treatment of Type 2 patients with diet alone, there was a marginal increase in plasma HDL cholesterol and phospholipid, and in plasma HDL2 cholesterol, phospholipid, protein and apo AI concentrations, in association with reductions of VLDL component concentrations, body mass index and glycaemia. Type 2 patients treated with diet plus glibenclamide exhibited similar abnormalities of plasma lipoprotein concentrations before and after treatment, except for a small reduction in VLDL component concentrations and a slight increase in the apo AI:B ratio. Institution of diet alone and diet plus glibenclamide generally failed to restore VLDL, HDL and HDL2 component concentrations and the apo AI:B ratio to normal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
90150973

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL/DT; Diabetic Diet|*; Glyburide|*TU; Lipoproteins|*BL
MeSH Heading
Alcohol Drinking; Apolipoproteins|BL; Blood Glucose|AN; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Hexosamines|BL; Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Middle Age; Reference Values; Smoking; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0265-5985
Country of Publication
SCOTLAND

Record 22 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Very low calorie diet therapy in obese non-insulin dependent diabetes patients.
Author
Hanefeld M; Weck M
Address
Lipid Research Unit, Medical Clinic, Dresden, German Democratic Republic.
Source
Int J Obes, 1989, 13 Suppl 2:, 33-7
Abstract
VLCD is an effective and safe measure to reduce overweight in NIDDM. It substantially improves glucose control and corrects associated coronary risk factors, in particular dyslipoproteinaemia and hypertension. Both insulin secretion and insulin resistance were ameliorated by perfect glucose control with VLCD. Reliable data on long term efficacy and factors determining weight loss and success in permanent glucose control are urgently needed.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
90129537

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diet, Reducing|*; Energy Intake|*; Obesity in Diabetes|*DH
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol|BL; Female; Human; Insulin|SE; Male; Middle Age; Risk Factors; Triglycerides|BL; Weight Loss

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0307-0565
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 23 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The effects of diet differing in fat, carbohydrate, and fiber on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type II diabetes.
Author
ODea K; Traianedes K; Ireland P; Niall M; Sadler J; Hopper J; De Luise M
Address
Department of Medicine (University of Melbourne) Repatriation General Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Source
J Am Diet Assoc, 1989 Aug, 89:8, 1076-86
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects of varying the proportions of carbohydrate, fiber, and fat on metabolic control in Type II diabetes. Ten men, aged 50 to 69 years, with Type II diabetes participated. Four isocaloric diets were consumed for 2 weeks each, with a break of 6 to 14 weeks between diets to ensure no carryover effects. Two of the diets were high in carbohydrate (63% to 65% energy) and low in fat (10% to 12% energy) but differed in their fiber contents (20 vs. 45 gm/day). The other two diets were low in carbohydrate (23% to 27% energy) with either a low or a high fat content (15% vs. 55% energy) and a high or normal protein content (62% vs. 18% energy). The composition of the subjects' usual diets in the week before each of the experimental diets did not vary significantly: carbohydrate 47% to 50% energy, protein 22% to 25% energy, fat 27% to 31% energy, and fiber 24 to 25 gm/day. A 75-gm oral glucose tolerance test and a 12-hour metabolic profile in response to 3 meals typical of the particular diet were conducted before and at the conclusion of each 2-week dietary period. The most significant improvements in metabolic control (as assessed by the effects of the diets on fasting glucose and on lipids, and on the glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose and the mixed meals) were obtained with the high-fiber, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet and with the low-carbohydrate, high-protein, low-fat diet. Metabolic control was not significantly affected by the low-fiber, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet, but it deteriorated significantly on the low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. The results of this study confirmed the importance of high fiber and low fat in improving metabolic control in Type II diabetes. In conclusion, if high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets are to be recommended to patients with diabetes, it is essential that the type of carbohydrate recommended be unrefined and high in fiber.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89341191

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH/ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD; Lipids|*BL
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Cholesterol|BL; Dietary Proteins|AD; Energy Intake; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL; Lipoproteins|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-8223
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 24 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of fat-free diet on insulin requirements in type I diabetes controlled with artificial beta-cell.
Author
Dunn FL; Carroll PB
Address
Joslin Diabetes Center, New England Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Source
Diabetes Care, 1988 Mar, 11:3, 225-9
Abstract
We investigated the effect of eliminating calories derived from fat sources on postprandial and basal insulin requirements in five patients with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. The patients were studied on a metabolic ward on two solid-food diets with similar quantities of carbohydrate and protein with or without the addition of fat. Diet A was isocaloric (weight maintenance) with calories distributed as 45% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 40% fat. Diet B contained the same carbohydrate and protein content as diet A but was virtually fat free and therefore hypocaloric (1233 +/- 106 vs. 1830 +/- 99 cal, mean +/- SE). The diets were given as five equal meals each day on consecutive days. Insulin requirements and blood glucose measurements were determined by use of the artificial beta-cell. During the study, mean (+/- SE) preprandial blood glucose levels were maintained at 85 +/- 11 mg/dl, and peak postprandial blood glucose levels were less than 180 mg/dl. The elimination of fat calories had no effect on total (68.9 +/- 10.3 vs. 69.3 +/- 4.9 U/day), postprandial (9.8 +/- 3.8 vs. 10.3 +/- 3.7 U/meal), or basal (1.9 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2 U/h) insulin requirements. Thus, despite a hypocaloric diet, no change in insulin requirements was noted when fat-derived calories were deleted from the diet. We conclude that fat-derived calories do not alter short-term basal or postprandial insulin requirements in type I diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88328597

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DT; Dietary Fats|*PD; Insulin Infusion Systems|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified|BL; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 25 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Is diet in diabetes important?
Author
Clothier C
Address
Department of Nutrition & Dietetics, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Alder Hey.
Source
Nutr Health, 1987, 5:3-4, 189-96
Abstract
Theoretical recommendations for dietary prescriptions with the aim of providing optimum nutrition for diabetic control have been made. What are the practical implications of some of these recommendations for diabetic children? Children should be encouraged to select most of their carbohydrate allowance from unrefined carbohydrate, this will increase their fibre intake. The policy to discourage the use of refined carbohydrate on a regular basis is generally accepted although practically this is not always possible. Excessive amounts of dietary fat are to be discouraged and this happens naturally if sufficient carbohydrate is prescribed since it limits the intake of "fillers" such as meat, eggs and cheese. Whilst these principles are generally accepted analysis of sample low fat, high fibre menus for children show these to be low in calories which could be detrimental since normal growth and development is the cornerstone of paediatric dietetics. In addition it should be remembered that diabetes places much stress on a child and too rigid management increases this. Whilst recognising the need for improved nutrition theoretical principles should not be overemphasized. A dietary regimen must be practical and acceptable as well as theoretically sound.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88175735

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*DH
MeSH Heading
Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Fiber|AD; Energy Intake; Human; Male

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0260-1060
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 26 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Intensive insulin therapy justifies simplification of the diabetes diet: a prospective study in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
Author
Chantelau EA; Frenzen A; Gösseringer G; Hansen I; Berger M
Address
 
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1987 May, 45:5, 958-62
Abstract
Dietary and metabolic variables were investigated in 48 unselected, nonobese Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients before and 3 mo after changing from (a) traditional insulin and diet therapy to (b) intensified insulin plus simplified diet therapy. HbA1c levels declined significantly from 9.04 +/- 0.25% with therapy (a) to 8.34 +/- 0.16% with therapy (b) (p less than 0.005). During (a), 58% of all patients used a personal diet plan, but only 15% of them performed food exchange according to the traditional diet prescription. Their eating habits remained unchanged during (b). Since improved metabolic control in this study could be obtained without adherence to traditional diet schedules, a simplification of the traditional diabetes diet prescription seems justified for nonobese Type 1 diabetic patients on intensified insulin therapy.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87209837

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*TH; Diabetic Diet|*; Insulin|*TU
MeSH Heading
Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Energy Intake; Female; Food Habits; Human; Male; Prospective Studies; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 27 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet and exercise in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: implications for dietitians from the NIH Consensus Development Conference.
Author
Wheeler ML; Delahanty L; Wylie Rosett J
Address
 
Source
J Am Diet Assoc, 1987 Apr, 87:4, 480-5
Abstract
Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a major health problem, highly correlated with obesity and, therefore, overeating. Diet continues as the cornerstone of therapy, with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin added, if needed, to maintain normal blood glucose values. The diet prescription should be implemented in stages, with caloric restriction the first priority, as weight loss itself diminishes hyperglycemia to or toward normal. Combinations of foods and even different processing or cooking of the same food may produce different glucose responses. These factors minimize the role of the glycemic index in overall diabetes management. Foods with high soluble fiber content may diminish glucose elevations after meals; however, high-fiber foods appear to be less important for the obese diabetic person than adhering to a calorie-restricted diet and achieving weight loss. Attempts should be made to alter life-style within an acceptable degree for any given patient to encourage weight reduction. For example, although exercise may have a small but transient direct effect in lowering blood glucose and insulin resistance, it can be considered an adjunct to decreased calorie diets for weight reduction. Finally, it appears prudent to prevent or reverse obesity, especially in individuals with a family history of diabetes, in the hope that the onset of diabetes may be prevented or postponed.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87167201

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/*PP; Diet, Reducing|*; Exertion|*
MeSH Heading
Adipose Tissue; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Energy Intake; Human; Obesity|PC; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-8223
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 28 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Beneficial effect of vegetable protein diet supplemented with psyllium plantago in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and diabetes mellitus.
Author
Uribe M; Dibildox M; Malpica S; Guillermo E; Villallobos A; Nieto L; Vargas F; Garcia Ramos G
Address
 
Source
Gastroenterology, 1985 Apr, 88:4, 901-7
Abstract
A controlled crossover study was performed in 8 diabetic patients with chronic portal-systemic encephalopathy. After a basal period the patients were treated during periods A and B. During period A, a meat protein diet (0.8 g/kg body wt, approximately 1800 kcal/day) was consumed and neomycin plus laxatives were given. During period B patients received vegetable protein (0.8 g/kg body wt, 1800 kcal/day). This diet was supplemented with psyllium fiber to reach 35 g of fiber per day. Four patients were randomly assigned to receive the treatments in the order A-B and the other 4 patients in the order B-A. At the end of the first experimental period, fasting glucose levels were 204 +/- 86 mg% in the meat protein diet group and 127 +/- 8 mg% in the vegetable protein diet group (p less than 0.014). The patients were receiving 2.5 +/- 0.2 g/day and 2.1 +/- 0.5 g/day of tolbutamide at the end of the meat protein diet and vegetable protein diet, respectively. In all cases, fasting glucose levels decreased at the end of the vegetable diet period regardless of the previous treatment. An improvement of greater than or equal to 25 mg% of fasting glucose levels was observed in 7 of the 8 patients after the vegetable protein diet and in no case after the meat protein diet (p less than 0.0078). The parameters of encephalopathy were comparable at the end of both the meat protein diet and the vegetable protein diet. A significant increase in the number of bowel movements was noticed after the vegetable diet plus fiber (p less than 0.01). We propose the use of vegetable diet plus fiber to facilitate the treatment of patients with both diabetes and hepatic encephalopathy.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
85128315

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|BL/*DH; Dietary Proteins|*AD; Hepatic Encephalopathy|BL/*DH; Plant Proteins|*AD; Psyllium|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Amino Acids|AN; Bilirubin|BL; Dietary Fiber|AD; Energy Intake; Female; Food, Fortified; Glucagon|BL; Human; Insulin|BL; Liver Cirrhosis|DH; Male; Middle Age; Neomycin|AD; Tolbutamide|AD

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0016-5085
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 29 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Absence of diabetes in a rural West African population with a high carbohydrate/cassava diet.
Author
Teuscher T; Baillod P; Rosman JB; Teuscher A
Address
 
Source
Lancet, 1987 Apr, 1:8536, 765-8
Abstract
1028 (99%) of the 1038 inhabitants of the West African village of Agbave and a random sample of 353 (12.4%) of the population of 2850 in Kati, another West African village, were screened for diabetes. Also recorded were their anthropometric data, dietary habits, possession of antibodies to malaria, and serum IgG concentrations. About 85% of the study population consumed cassava root at least once a day. The mean (SD) capillary random blood glucose concentration was 5.1 (1.1) mmol/l in men and 5.1 (0.6) in women. The mean (SD) body mass index was 20.2 (1.8) in men and 20.7 (2.3) in women. The mean blood glucose was similar whether cassava was consumed once daily, more than once daily, or less than once daily. None of the 1381 subjects examined had diabetes. This finding suggests that a high carbohydrate/cassava intake (84% of a mean daily supply of 1916 calories) combined with a low protein consumption (8% of caloric supply) does not cause diabetes. This does not support the World Health Organisation hypothesis that malnutrition-related diabetes exists, at least not in this West African rural population.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87171755

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cassava|*; Diabetes Mellitus|*EP; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Plants, Edible|*
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Africa, Western; Blood Glucose|AN; Diet; Female; Human; Male; Rural Population

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0140-6736
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 30 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
UKPDS 18: estimated dietary intake in type 2 diabetic patients randomly allocated to diet, sulphonylurea or insulin therapy. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group.
Author
Eeley EA; Stratton IM; Hadden DR; Turner RC; Holman RR
Address
Diabetes Research Laboratories, Radcliffe Infirnary, Oxford, UK.
Source
Diabet Med, 1996 Jul, 13:7, 656-62
Abstract
Self-reported dietary intake was estimated from 3-day prospective food diaries completed by Type 2 diabetic patients in the UK Prospective Diabetes Study. All patients had received individual dietary advice and had been randomly allocated to diet, sulphonylurea or insulin therapy 3 months after diagnosis. A total of 132 patients (120 white Caucasian, 12 Asian) stratified for gender, obesity and allocated therapy with mean age 55 years (SD 8), body mass index 28 kg m-2 (SD 4), and with a diabetes duration of 3 to 6 years were selected at random from 5 of 23 clinical centres. Patients reported a similar proportion of their energy intake as carbohydrate (43%) to the general population and had not increased to the recommended 50-55%. Their protein intake (21%) was higher than the advised 10-15%. Estimated energy intake from fat (37%) was close to that recommended for diabetic patients (30-35%) and was lower than that reported for the UK population (40%). The estimated polyunsaturated/saturated fat intake ratio (0.48) was higher than that reported for the UK population (0.35) compared with the recommended 1.0. Mean fibre intake at 22 g day-1 was less than the recommended 30 g day-1. The 8 male Asian patients took a higher proportion of their dietary intake as fat (46% vs 37%) and lower as protein (14% vs 21%) than the male white Caucasian patients. No significant differences were seen in estimated nutrient constituents between patients allocated to diet, sulphonylurea or insulin therapy as part of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study and followed for mean 4.2 years (SD1.6). This suggests that dietary factors will not confound UK Prospective Diabetes Study treatment related analyses.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96437310

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*/DH/DT/ME; Diet Records|*
MeSH Heading
Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Fiber|AD; Dietary Proteins|AD; Energy Intake; Female; Great Britain; Human; Insulin|PD/TU; Male; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Sulfonylurea Compounds|PD/TU

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0742-3071
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 31 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The high-carbohydrate diet in diabetes management.
Author
Nuttall FQ
Address
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Source
Adv Intern Med, 1988, 33:, 165-83
Abstract
In summary, the best diet for an insulin-requiring diabetic person is a diet that can be best integrated into the person's lifestyle, one that is best matched to an insulin regimen acceptable to that person, and one that leads to the best control of the 24-hour integrated blood glucose concentration. Should future research indicate that a very high-CHO, low-fat diet is of additional benefit to the patient, then the dietary recommendations to the patient should be altered accordingly. It should be understood that diabetes is a chronic disease that requires intensive effort by the patient if reasonable management is to be attained. We should not complicate this management unnecessarily by dietary intervention unless clear benefits can be observed. For the type II, noninsulin-requiring diabetic person, dietary recommendations are even less certain. Obese patients should be encouraged to lose weight and to maintain a more ideal body weight, but one should not be disappointed if the patient is unable to accomplish this. Medical indications for weight loss rarely have been sufficient motivation for patients to remain on a semistarvation diet. Should safe, effective anorexigenic drugs become available, they clearly would be the treatment of choice for these patients. The best weight-maintenance diet for type II diabetic persons remains to be determined. A high-CHO, low-fat diet would appear to be best, provided it results in a more normal average level of blood glucose. An increase in dietary soluble fiber also may be useful in reducing the serum cholesterol concentration. In such a diet, those CHO foods that raise the postprandial glucose concentration the least should be emphasized.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88147532

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diabetic Diet|*TD; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD/ME
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Fiber|AD; Human; Obesity in Diabetes|DH

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0065-2822
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 32 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Long-term high fibre, low fat diet in gestational diabetes.
Author
Paisey RB; Savage P; Marsland I; Cooke P
Address
 
Source
Diabet Med, 1985 Jul, 2:4, 286-7
Abstract
A 30-year-old Caucasian who developed gestational diabetes in her first pregnancy requiring 58 U insulin daily and who subsequently adopted a high fibre, low fat diet and who was able to maintain normal glucose tolerance throughout a second pregnancy is reported.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87160433

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Dietary Fats|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD; Pregnancy in Diabetes|*DH
MeSH Heading
Adult; Case Report; Diabetic Diet; Female; Human; Pregnancy; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0742-3071
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 33 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The roles of diet and exercise in the management of patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Jensen MD; Miles JM
Address
 
Source
Mayo Clin Proc, 1986 Oct, 61:10, 813-9
Abstract
Current dietary recommendations for patients with diabetes are similar to those for the US population in general, including a moderate intake of sucrose. Awareness of the carbohydrate content of meals will allow adjustments of the dose of meal-related short-acting insulin when the size of the meal is altered; thus, meal planning can be flexible without sacrificing glycemic control. Although exercise may have potential benefits for patients with diabetes, it is also associated with greater risk in these persons than in their nondiabetic counterparts and frequently complicates the management of their disease. If there are no contraindications to regular, vigorous exercise and the patient desires to participate, careful self-monitoring of blood glucose, combined with snacks and insulin dose adjustment, should enable the intensively treated patient to exercise safely.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
86309641

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|ME/*TH; Diabetic Diet|*; Exertion|*
MeSH Heading
Absorption; Blood Glucose|ME; Cookery; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fiber|PD; Human; Insulin|AD/ME/TU; Muscles|ME; Nutrition|ED; Oxygen Consumption; Patient Education

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
ISSN
0025-6196
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 34 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet therapy for poorly controlled type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Author
Vessby B; Karlström B; Boberg M; Lithell H; Gustafsson IB; Berne C
Address
 
Source
Acta Paediatr Scand Suppl, 1985, 320:, 44-9
Abstract
Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes represents a major therapeutic problem. A classification of the disease, based on body weight and presence or absence of adequate insulin-secretion capacity, may be helpful in the choice of correct treatment. Calorie reduction is the most important therapeutic intervention in overweight patients. In the diabetic diet digestible carbohydrates should comprise at least 50 energy%, while the fat content should be reduced below 30 energy%. Controlled clinical studies show that the blood glucose control can be improved and the urinary glucose excretion be diminished by addition of dietary fibre. In obese type 2 diabetics supplemented fasting may be useful to achieve a rapid weight loss and an improved metabolic control. Although our knowledge with regard to the patho-physiology of type 2 diabetes and the effects of dietary treatment has increased during recent years, several important questions remain unanswered. Also there is a great need for education and training programmes to achieve improved compliance to the dietary advice given.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
86211175

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH/ME; Diabetic Diet|*
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Body Weight; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Fiber|AD; Fasting; Human; Patient Compliance; Patient Education; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0300-8843
Country of Publication
SWEDEN

Record 35 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of treatment with insulin or diet on intermediary metabolites in pregnant women with chemical diabetes in the third trimester of pregnancy.
Author
Stangenberg M; Persson B; Lunell NO; Hanson U
Address
 
Source
Acta Diabetol Lat, 1984 Jan, 21:1, 55-61
Abstract
The diurnal (07(30) - 16(00) profiles of glucose, 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and glycerol were studied in 19 pregnant women with gestational diabetes and eight pregnant non-diabetic controls. Nine of the gestational diabetic women were treated with intermediate and in some cases with fast acting insulin and diet and 10 were treated with diet alone. Although fasting plasma glucose levels were normal (less than 6.0 mmol/l) in 8 insulin-treated and 9 diet-treated gestational diabetics before the start of treatment, the profiles of glucose, NEFA and glycerol were generally higher in gestational diabetic compared to non-diabetic pregnant women. The insulin-treated group had lower, but not normal, plasma glucose and higher levels of glycerol than the women treated with diet only. The levels of 3-HB and NEFA were not significantly influenced by the type of therapy. It is suggested that treatment of gestational diabetes should consist of multiple injections of fast acting insulin.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84226915

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*BL/DH/DT; Insulin|*TU; Pregnancy Complications|*BL; Pregnancy Trimester, Third|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose|AN; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified|BL; Female; Glycerol|BL; Human; Hydroxybutyrates|BL; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0001-5563
Country of Publication
ITALY

Record 36 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The effect of diet on intermediary metabolite concentrations in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Author
Sheppard MC; Burrin J; Alberti KG; Nattrass M
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1983 May, 24:5, 333-5
Abstract
The metabolic response to a standard meal was studied in six Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients at diagnosis and following 4-6 weeks of dietary treatment. The fall in blood glucose concentration following treatment was accompanied by significant reductions in circulating concentrations of lactate, pyruvate, alanine and glycerol. Blood 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations also fell with treatment.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
83262854

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|BL/*DH
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Alanine|BL; Female; Glycerol|BL; Human; Hydroxybutyrates|BL; Lactates|BL; Male; Middle Age; Pyruvates|BL; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST

Record 37 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Lipoprotein compositional changes in the fasting and postprandial state on a high-carbohydrate low-fat and a high-fat diet in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
OBrien T; Nguyen TT; Buithieu J; Kottke BA
Address
Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Source
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1993 Nov, 77:5, 1345-51
Abstract
Our aims were 1) to examine the effects of a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet on fasting and postprandial plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apo), and lipoprotein composition in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 2) to determine whether postprandial shift of apo between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLP) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) is affected by diet. A cross-over study, of 4 weeks duration, of a high-carbohydrate (60% carbohydrate, 20% fat) and a high-fat (40% carbohydrate, 40% fat) diet was performed in seven subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. TRLP, low density lipoproteins (LDL), and HDL were separated by fast protein liquid chromatography. The high-carbohydrate diet resulted in a decrease of fasting total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol and a trend toward an increase in plasma triglycerides. The apo composition of fasting TRLP and HDL was similar on both diets. TRLP apo CII, CIII, and E increased whereas HDL apo CII, CIII, and E decreased postprandially on both diets. In contrast, TRLP apo CI increased, and HDL apo CI decreased only after the high-carbohydrate diet. We conclude that 1) a high carbohydrate diet results in a decrease in total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and a trend toward an increase in plasma triglycerides; 2) fasting TRLP and HDL apo composition was similar on a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat diet; and 3) on both diets, apo CII, CIII, and E transfer from HDL to TRLP postprandially. However, only the high-carbohydrate diet induced postprandial transfer of apo CI from HDL to TRLP. This may explain in part the changes in lipoproteins observed with this diet.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94358045

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Eating|*; Fasting|*; Lipoproteins|*BL/CH
MeSH Heading
Aged; Apolipoproteins|ME; Human; Lipids|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0021-972X
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 38 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Sweet taste and diet in type II diabetes.
Author
Tepper BJ; Hartfiel LM; Schneider SH
Address
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
Source
Physiol Behav, 1996 Jul, 60:1, 13-8
Abstract
The relationship between sweet taste function and dietary intake was studied in 21 patients with type II diabetes mellitus and 16 age-, weight-, and sex-matched controls. Subjects rated the sweetness intensity and pleasantness of a series of beverage samples sweetened with sucrose: 1.5-24%, fructose: 1-18%, or aspartame: 0.25-4%. They also kept 7-day food records. No group differences were found in sweet taste perception, pleasantness ratings, daily energy intakes, or macronutrient composition of the diets. However, subjects with diabetes consumed less sucrose but 3.5 times more alternative sweeteners than did controls. Peak pleasantness ratings for the beverage samples were positively correlated with dietary sweetness content in the subjects with diabetes but not the controls. These findings suggest that in diabetes, hedonic ratings for a sweetened beverage were related to dietary sweetness intake rather than changes in sweet taste perception.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96397743

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/PP/*PX; Diabetic Diet|*PX; Sweetening Agents|*; Taste|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Taste Threshold|PH

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0031-9384
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 39 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Glomerular filtration rate measurements in clinical trials. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study Group and the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group.
Author
Levey AS; Greene T; Schluchter MD; Cleary PA; Teschan PE; Lorenz RA; Molitch ME; Mitch WE; Siebert C; Hall PM; et al
Address
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
Source
J Am Soc Nephrol, 1993 Nov, 4:5, 1159-71
Abstract
To assess the utility and precision of GFR measurements in multicenter trials, the test performance and variability of GFR were analyzed in 2,250 patients enrolled in 44 clinical centers participating in either the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study or the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT). GRF was measured as the renal clearance of [125I]iothalamate after an sc injection without epinephrine. The studies used similar protocols for obtaining blood and urine, training clinical center staff, and processing specimens in central laboratories. The performance of GFR measurements, assessed from adherence to protocol and quality control analyses, was excellent. The variability among the four clearance periods (intratest coefficient of variation [CV]) was acceptable; the median intratest CV for GFR was 9.4% in the MDRD Study and 11.7% in the DCCT. The pattern of decline in serum counts was better approximated by an exponential rather than a linear relationship. The cause of the intratest variability in GFR measurements was explored by univariate and multivariate analysis. The intratest CV was highest at the extremes of GFR. Among patients with a high GFR (> 90 mL/min per 1.73 m2), most of whom were participants in the DCCT, the higher intratest GFR was due, in part, to a systematic decline in GFR during the test. Among patients with a very low GFR (< 13 mL/min per 1.73 m2), technical difficulties in urine collections contributed substantially to the higher intratest CV. Other patient characteristics, including age, gender, weight, serum glucose, renal diagnosis, and use of diuretics, were not strongly correlated with the intratest CV. The precision of GFR measurements was assessed from the variability from measurement to measurement (interest CV). Among MDRD Study subjects, in whom two measurements of GFR were performed over a 3-month interval, the median interest CV was relatively low (6.3%) and was only weakly related to the intratest CV. Thus, GFR measurements are reasonably precise, even if the intratest CV is high. Given the relatively high intratest CV that is characteristic of GFR measurements, the estimate of GFR in an individual is more precise if multiple clearance periods, rather than a single period, are included. Similarly, the estimate of mean GFR for a population is also more precise if multiple clearance periods are included. In conclusion, by the use of standardized methods, an acceptable precision of GFR results can be obtained in multicenter trials. The same methods can be applied in clinical practice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94137947

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Glomerular Filtration Rate|*; Kidney Function Tests|*MT/SN/ST; Multicenter Studies|*MT/SN; Randomized Controlled Trials|*MT/SN
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Clinical Protocols; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|CO/DT/PC; Female; Human; Kidney Failure, Chronic|DH/PP; Male; Middle Age; Multivariate Analysis; Quality Control; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
1046-6673
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 40 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The role of diet behaviors in achieving improved glycemic control in intensively treated patients in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial.
Author
Delahanty LM; Halford BN
Address
Department of Dietetics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.
Source
Diabetes Care, 1993 Nov, 16:11, 1453-8
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To determine whether specific diet-related behaviors practiced by IDDM patients in the intensive treatment group of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial were associated with lower HbA1c values. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS--A questionnaire addressing various aspects of their dietary behavior during the previous year in the DCCT was completed by 623 DCCT intensive treatment group subjects. The association between self-reported diet behaviors and the subject's mean HbA1c during the previous year was evaluated using a linear rank test for trend. The goal of intensive treatment was to achieve blood glucose and HbA1c levels as close to the nondiabetic range as possible without hypoglycemia. RESULTS--Adherence to the prescribed meal plan and adjusting food and/or insulin in response to hyperglycemia were significantly associated with lower HbA1c levels. Over-treating hypoglycemia and consuming extra snacks beyond the meal plan were associated with higher HbA1c levels. Adjusting insulin dose for meal size and content and consistent consumption of an evening snack were associated, albeit to a lesser degree, with lower HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS--The average HbA1c among intensively managed patients who reported that they followed specific diet-related behaviors was 0.25 to 1.0 lower than among subjects who did not follow these behaviors. Health-care providers may wish to use these results to focus clinical care for intensively treated IDDM patients by emphasizing counseling on meal plans, prompt response to high blood glucose levels, appropriate treatment of hypoglycemia, and consistent snacking behaviors.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94130624

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Behavior|*PH; Blood Glucose|*AN; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*CO/*DH/DT; Eating|*PH
MeSH Heading
Combined Modality Therapy; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Hyperglycemia|BL/DH/DT; Hypoglycemia|BL/DH/DT; Insulin|TU; Intensive Care; Prospective Studies; Questionnaires

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; MULTICENTER STUDY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 41 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Impaired endothelium-dependent and independent dilatation of forearm resistance arteries in men with diet-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes: role of dyslipidaemia.
Author
Watts GF; OBrien SF; Silvester W; Millar JA
Address
University Department of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
Source
Clin Sci (Colch), 1996 Nov, 91:5, 567-73
Abstract
1. We measured endothelium-dependent and independent dilatation of forearm resistance arteries in 29 men with diet-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 18 age- and sex-matched control subjects. None of the diabetic patients had hypercholesterolaemia, overt hypertension or microproteinuria. 2. We examined endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide-mediated vasodilatation by measuring forearm blood flow with venous occlusive plethysmography after administration of acetylcholine (7.5 and 15 micrograms/min) and sodium nitroprusside (3 and 10 micrograms/min), respectively, into the brachial artery. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine was also infused to study the inhibition of basal and stimulated release of nitric oxide. 3. The vasodilatory response to acetylcholine, expressed as area under curve, was significantly decreased in the diabetic patients compared with the control subjects (P = 0.019). NG-monomethyl-L-arginine significantly reduced basal (P < 0.001) and acetylcholine-stimulated blood flow (P < 0.02) in both groups. The vasodilatory response (also expressed as area under curve) to sodium nitroprusside was significantly less (P = 0.044) in the diabetic patients than in the control subjects. 4. In the diabetic patients, impaired vasodilatory responses to acetylcholine were significantly correlated with higher serum triacylglycerols (P = 0.048) and lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations (P = 0.007); the association with high-density lipoprotein was independent of age, glycated haemoglobin and blood pressure. Sodium nitroprusside responses were not correlated with lipid and lipoprotein concentrations. 5. We conclude that there is impaired endothelial and smooth muscle cell function in men with diet-treated non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus uncomplicated by overt hypertension or microproteinuria. Endothelial dysfunction may be related to diabetic dyslipidaemia and associated metabolic disturbances.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
97097853

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|CO/DH/*PP; Endothelium, Vascular|*PP; Hyperlipidemia|ET/*PP; Vasodilation|*PH
MeSH Heading
omega-N-Methylarginine|DU; Acetylcholine|DU; Adult; Forearm|BS; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Male; Middle Age; Nitroprusside|DU; Regional Blood Flow; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0143-5221
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 42 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Low incidence of chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing in diet-treated, non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Author
deSilva NE; Tunbridge WM; Alberti KG
Address
 
Source
Lancet, 1981 Jan, 1:8212, 128-31
Abstract
50 diet-treated, non-insulin-dependent diabetics were tested subjectively and objectively for chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing (CPAF) with a single challenge test. Of the 12 (24%) who reported a subjective flush, 9 (18%) also flushed when a placebo was given instead of chlorpropamide, so the true incidence of chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing was 4% (1 patient was not retested with placebo). In a control group of 21 non-diabetics, 2 showed the specific CPAF phenomenon. Temperature measurement did not improve discrimination, but it did show a faster rise in facial temperature in CPAF-positive subjects than in alcohol flushers. This study does not confirm previous higher estimates of the incidence of the CPAF phenomenon in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
81121303

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Chlorpropamide|*PD; Diabetes Mellitus|*DH/PP; Ethanol|*PD; Face|*BS; Skin|*BS
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Double-Blind Method; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Skin Temperature|DE; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vasodilation|DE

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0140-6736
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 43 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS). X. Urinary albumin excretion over 3 years in diet-treated type 2, (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients, and association with hypertension, hyperglycaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia.
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1993 Oct, 36:10, 1021-9
Abstract
Urinary albumin excretion has been assessed in 585 newly-presenting Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (aged 53 (8) years, 67% male) at diagnosis with fasting plasma glucose 10.3 (3.2) mmol/l and over 3 years of dietary treatment. Urinary albumin at diagnosis, geometric mean (1 SD interval) corrected for dilution by regression on urine creatinine concentration of 10 mmol/l, was 17 (5-58) mg/l compared with 8 (3-18) mg/l in an age-matched non-diabetic reference population. Values greater than 50 mg/l were found in 17% of diabetic patients compared with 4% in the reference group. After diet therapy for 3 months, fasting plasma glucose decreased to 6.9 mmol/l and urinary albumin to 12 (4-31) mg/l (p < 0.0001). This suggests that increased urinary albumin excretion at diagnosis is in part functional, possibly secondary to glomerular hyperfiltration caused by hyperglycaemia and raised blood pressure. Over the next 3 years, mean fasting plasma glucose was 7.2 mmol/l, albumin excretion changed little, without significant increase either in patients with raised or normal albumin at diagnosis. Both at diagnosis and over 3 years, urinary albumin excretion was independently associated with fasting plasma glucose and triglyceride levels and with systolic blood pressure, but the combination of these factors only explained 10% of the total variance. This suggests the presence of additional pathological processes in patients with increased urinary albumin. Urinary albumin was not associated with other variables included in syndrome X, such as HDL cholesterol, fasting plasma insulin, obesity or central adiposity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94063288

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Albuminuria|*; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/*PP/*UR; Diabetic Diet|*; Hyperglycemia|ET/*UR; Hypertension|CO/*UR; Hypertriglyceridemia|CO/*UR
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|AN/ME; Blood Pressure; Body Mass Index; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Great Britain; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Male; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Systole; Time Factors; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY

Record 44 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet and Type 2 diabetes. Guidelines for general practice.
Author
Stratil M; Phillips P; Holmwood C; Popplewell P
Address
Southern Fleurieu Health Services, Victor Harbor, South Australia.
Source
Aust Fam Physician, 1993 Sep, 22:9, 1591-3, 1596, 1598-600
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) is common and increasing and results in enormous costs to all concerned. The average Australian diet is inappropriate for this condition, which regular exercise and healthy eating could delay or prevent even in high risk groups (family history, age over 50 years, over-weight). This article outlines a practical programme that general practitioners can use for people with, and people at risk of, Type 2 Diabetes and provides a comprehensive Further reading list.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94058851

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH
MeSH Heading
Food; Guidelines; Health Education; Human

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0300-8495
Country of Publication
AUSTRALIA

Record 45 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Non-insulin-dependent diabetes: 10-year outcome in relation to initial response to diet and subsequent sulfonylurea therapy.
Author
Sönksen PH; Lowy C; Perkins JR; Lim HS
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1984 May, 7 Suppl 1:, 59-66
Abstract
Thirty-eight non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients within 130% of desirable body weight were given a 100-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at diagnosis and after at least 1 mo of dietary treatment with energy and carbohydrate restriction. Thirteen "responders" showed an improvement in fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, and insulin secretion, with near-normalization of plasma, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone bodies. There were no significant changes in the 25 "non-responders." The responders were, at diagnosis, heavier than the non-responders (75.5 versus 64.3 kg, P less than 0.01). Twenty non-responders subsequently completed a prospective controlled study of glibenclamide, chlorpropamide, and placebo lasting for 16 mo with OGTTs at the end of each 4-mo treatment phase. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the metabolic effects of glibenclamide and chlorpropamide. On active treatment, insulin levels rose coincident with a fall in fasting blood glucose and an improvement in glucose tolerance and near-normalization of plasma lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, glycerol, and ketone bodies, all of which relapsed to initial values after placebo. Ten years after the initial study, 29 of the original patients were traced and reviewed and the outcome related to their earlier tests. Twenty-two percent of the responders and 70% of the non-responders were now on insulin (P less than 0.02); the initial insulin response to OGTT at the end of the diet treatment was significantly lower in those subsequently treated with insulin (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84235383

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/DT/*TH; Hypoglycemic Agents|*TU; Sulfonylurea Compounds|*TU
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Body Weight; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL; Lactates|BL; Lipids|BL; Male; Middle Age; Pyruvates|BL; Somatotropin|BL; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Time Factors

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 46 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Thermic and metabolic responses to oral glucose in obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus treated with insulin or a very-low-energy diet.
Author
Gougeon R
Address
McGill Nutrition and Food Science Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, Montreal, Canada.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Jul, 64:1, 78-86
Abstract
Increased resting energy expenditure (REE) and a blunted thermic effect of glucose (TEF) have been reported in obese subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). I questioned whether the abnormal REE and TEF would be corrected by normalizing glycemia with insulin or a very-low-energy diet (VLED). Three male and four female obese subjects with NIDDM [weighing 108 +/- 6 kg and with body mass index (in kg/m2) of 39 +/- 2] received a weight-maintaing formula diet containing 95 g protein/d for 15 d then a 1.7-MJ, 93-g-protein VLED for 27 d. Insulin was given from days 1 to 8 in doses sufficient to normalize glycemia. REE was measured weekly and TEF was measured on days 8 and 15 of isoenergetic feeding and 28 d after the VLED by using a ventilated-hood indirect calorimeter. Weight decreased 9.8 +/- 1 kg during the VLED. REE was 3% lower with insulin treatment than during hyperglycemia (7878 +/- 364 compared with 8125 +/- 381 kJ/d, P = 0.002). REE decreased by 20% to 6494 +/- 280 kJ/d by week 4 of the VLED. After 112 g oral glucose, increments in energy expenditure were significantly greater during isoenergetic feeding with insulin than without (7.5 +/- 1.3% compared with 4.3 +/- 0.9% above REE) and after the VLED (10.5 +/- 1.0% above REE, P < 0.05). Plasma glucose excursions were greatest without exogenous insulin (peak 21.5 +/- 1.8 mmol/L at 120 min, 16.3 +/- 1.9 mmol/L at 225 min). Plasma fatty acid excursions were the lowest with insulin treatment. The integrated plasma glucose and fatty acid responses above baseline did not differ among studies; the integrated insulin and C-peptide responses were greater after the VLED. Cumulative nonoxidative glucose disposal (stored glucose) was higher with insulin therapy than without (52 +/- 6 compared with 35 +/- 7 g/210 min, P < 0.05) and increased significantly to 66 +/- 6 g after the VLED (compared with the isoenergetic diet without insulin). TEF correlated significantly with integrated C-peptide and insulin responses. The percentage increase in TEF with euglycemia (with insulin and VLED) correlated with the percentage increase in stored glucose (P < 0.05). The greater TEF was associated with a greater insulin response, which was probably responsible for the greater stored glucose.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96282504

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Body Temperature Regulation|*; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*PP/TH; Energy Intake|*; Glucose Tolerance Test|*; Insulin|*TU; Obesity in Diabetes|*PP
MeSH Heading
Adult; Basal Metabolism; Blood Glucose|ME; C-Peptide|BL; Calorimetry, Indirect; Energy Metabolism; Female; Human; Kinetics; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 47 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The role of diet in managing diabetes in children.
Author
Sondel SA; MacDonald MJ
Address
 
Source
Prim Care, 1983 Dec, 10:4, 595-616
Abstract
The steps used to construct an appropriate food plan for the diabetic child and to educate the patient and his family in the goals and implementation of the plan are outlined. Factors that should be considered in constructing a flexible and workable plan include age, family situation, activity level, degree of motivation, extent of knowledge, and dietary history.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84194753

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*DH/ME
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Age Factors; Body Weight; Case Report; Child; Child, Preschool; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Fiber|AD; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Female; Food Labeling|ST; Human; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Sweetening Agents|AD/AE

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0095-4543
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 48 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Sustained reduction of proteinuria in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes following diet-induced reduction of hyperglycaemia.
Author
Vasquez B; Flock EV; Savage PJ; Nagulesparan M; Bennion LJ; Baird HR; Bennett PH
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1984 Feb, 26:2, 127-33
Abstract
To determine whether sustained control of hyperglycaemia in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients would diminish proteinuria, the effect of hypocaloric diet therapy (500 kcal/day) on proteinuria was assessed in obese, Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 24) and compared with results obtained for obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance (n = 7) and impaired glucose tolerance (n = 6). Diet therapy of similar mean duration resulted in similar percentage weight loss (mean percentage of original weight +/- SEM) in diabetic (13.6 +/- 1.6%), glucose intolerant (16.4 +/- 3.3%) and obese non-diabetic (11.0 +/- 1.0%) subjects. Following therapy, plasma glucose concentrations 2h after an oral glucose load declined in the diabetic (18.34 +/- 0.81 to 10.67 +/- 0.50 mmol/l, mean +/- SEM; p less than 0.001) and in the glucose intolerant subjects (10.2 +/- 0.3 to 7.3 +/- 0.4 mmol/l, p less than 0.01) while remaining unchanged in the obese non-diabetic subjects (7.09 +/- 0.23 to 6.77 +/- 0.32 mmol/l, NS). Concentrations of total protein of plasma origin and albumin in 24-h urine collections were quantified by a sensitive immunonephelometric assay using specific antisera. Initially, 24-h excretion of total protein and albumin were elevated in the diabetic [mg protein/24 h; (median +/- 95% confidence limits): 63 (42-138), p less than 0.05; albumin: 26 (14-56), p less than 0.05] and glucose intolerant subjects [protein: 52 (13-92), NS; albumin: 24 (3-61), NS] compared with the non-diabetic subjects [protein: 20 (5-38); albumin: 6.2 (3.5-9.5)].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84183359

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH/UR; Energy Intake|*; Hyperglycemia|*DH/UR; Obesity|*DH/UR; Proteinuria|*DH/ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Albuminuria|DH/ME; Creatinine|UR; Diabetic Angiopathies|PC; Diabetic Diet; Diabetic Nephropathies|PC; Female; Human; Male

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST

Record 49 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Starvation diet and very-low-calorie diets may induce insulin resistance and overt diabetes mellitus.
Author
Koffler M; Kisch ES
Address
Diabetes Unit, Tel-Aviv University Medical Center, Ichilov Hospital, Israel.
Source
J Diabetes Complications, 1996 Mar, 10:2, 109-12
Abstract
We have observed seven initially obese individuals who, during the course of a strenuous weight-reduction program, developed diabetes mellitus: non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in five cases and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in two cases. None had any sign of prior diabetic symptoms. Although weight reduction is encouraged in obesity, crash diets without proper medical surveillance may have deleterious effects. This sequence of induction of diabetes has not previously been reported in the medical literature. The metabolic situation in extremely low-calorie diets may be comparable to that in starvation. An attempt is made to explain our observation concerning the induction of a diabetic state during such diets, on the basis of increased insulin resistance in states of starvation and anorexia nervosa, with a concomitant role in stress hormones.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96255063

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*ET; Diet, Reducing|*AE; Insulin Resistance|*PH; Starvation|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Case Report; Energy Intake; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Obesity|TH

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
1056-8727
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 50 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet and pump-treated diabetes: a long-term follow-up.
Author
Chantelau EA; Bockholt M; Lie KT; Broermann C; Sonnenberg GE; Berger M
Address
 
Source
Diabete Metab, 1983 Dec, 9:4, 277-82
Abstract
Long-term effects of a liberalized diabetes diet without meal-planning and food-exchange were investigated in lean type-I diabetic patients treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). Food intake, body weight, HbA1c levels and serum lipids were recorded during conventional s.c. insulin injection treatment (CIT) and after 1 month or 14 months of CSII, respectively. During CSII plus liberalized diet, metabolic control improved significantly (compared to previous CIT plus conventional diet) as indicated by a decrease of HbA1c from 9.5% to 7.9% (p less than 0.005). Serum lipids remained unchanged. Body weight did not change significantly during CSII plus liberalized diet; mean body mass index increased from 21.5 to 22.4 kg/m2 (CIT vs. CSII, n.s.). During CSII, eating habits were similar to those of the general West Germany population regarding the number of meals and the nutrients composition. We conclude that during CSII, meal-planning and food-exchange that during CSII, meal-planning and food-exchange can be omitted provided the patients maintain (near-) normoglycaemia by appropriately adjusting the s.c. insulin delivery. Lean type-I diabetics on CSII do not require specific restrictions as to their caloric intake in order to prevent weight gain.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84132870

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*DH/DT; Diabetic Diet|*; Insulin Infusion Systems|*
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Body Weight; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Proteins|AD; Energy Intake; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0338-1684
Country of Publication
FRANCE

Record 51 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Evidence for a critical role of diet in the development of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Scott FW; Daneman D; Martin JM
Address
Nutrition Research Division, Health and Welfare Canada, Ottawa.
Source
Diabetes Res, 1988 Apr, 7:4, 153-7
Abstract
The role of diet in human insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) has not been properly examined, mainly due to a lack of reliable markers to identify prospective diabetics and the difficulties in obtaining accurate and representative dietary information. Nonetheless, there is some circumstantial evidence suggesting a role for diet in human IDDM. The validity of this relationship in humans must await a sufficiently large, well designed prospective study or the discovery of better markers for diabetes predisposition. The recent availability of the spontaneously diabetic BB rat has permitted prospective studies under controlled conditions which indicate diet, particularly dietary proteins, such as wheat gluten or cow's milk proteins may be prerequisites for maximum expression of the insulin-dependent syndrome in these animals. The early suckling and/or post-weaning period appears to be important and may be the crucial time when these proteins or portions of them pass the gastrointestinal barrier and initiate a process, possibly immunological, which results in destruction of the beta cells of the pancreas.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88295637

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*ET; Diet|*AE
MeSH Heading
Animal; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental|PP; Human; Rats

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0265-5985
Country of Publication
SCOTLAND

Record 52 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet therapy for minority patients with diabetes.
Author
Gohdes D
Address
Indian Health Service Diabetes Program, Albuquerque, NM 87102.
Source
Diabetes Care, 1988 Feb, 11:2, 189-91
Abstract
Diet therapy for minority diabetic patients must be directed to NIDDM, the most prominent form of diabetes in minority populations. Diet programs must be tailored to the cultural framework, and traditional foods with desirable characteristics can be encouraged. To teach patients about diet, educators must use educational techniques appropriate to culture and literacy of the patient and family. Single-concept messages such as "eat less fat" or "eat less food" promote learning and minimize failure. Nutrition information can be divided into sequenced manageable steps that can then be individualized to the patient's setting. No single set of exchange lists will suffice for all minority groups, nor are exchange lists themselves appropriate for all situations. To meet the needs of minority patients, nutrition educators must use a variety of tools and techniques relating to the foods of a particular ethnic group. Sound education strategies and simplified materials for NIDDM patients should also be employed.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88254451

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/*RH; Diabetic Diet|*; Minority Groups|*
MeSH Heading
Human; Patient Education; United States

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 53 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diabetes and diet. We are still learning.
Author
Quinn S
Address
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Florida Health Science Center, Jacksonville.
Source
Med Clin North Am, 1993 Jul, 77:4, 773-82
Abstract
A diagnosis of diabetes mellitus can be overwhelming at first to any patient who faces it. Although most patients initially feel that learning to administer insulin by injection is diabetes' most difficult aspect, altering life-time eating habits to provide ideal nutrition is in actuality more challenging. Despite this, dieting is becoming easier every day. Research now tells us that caloric restriction to maintain normal weight improves glucose tolerance as well as weight control. Complex carbohydrates should comprise 50% to 60% of total calories. Concentrated sweets and simple sugars are to be avoided. Dietary protein should account for no more than 20% of total calories although some individuals may require further protein restriction or increased protein in the case of catabolic states. The Recommended Daily Allowance of protein is 0.8 g/kg per day. The remaining calories are ingested as fat and make up 20% to 30% of the total. Further fat restriction may be necessary in diabetics with dyslipidemias. Saturated fats are to be avoided with a polyunsaturated:saturated fat ratio of at least 0.8 and preferably 1.0. Though specifically designed for the diabetic, these recommendations provide good nutrition for healthy people as well. The many low-fat, low-cholesterol, and low-calorie alternatives provided by today's food industry provide ample variety making compliance easier all the time. After mastering the basics of glucose control and diabetic nutrition, most patients can expand their skills to include restaurant dining and travel by anticipating potential problems and preparing ahead.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93309220

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*DH
MeSH Heading
Diabetic Diet; Human

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0025-7125
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 54 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Cardiology. Diet, fat and diabetes.
Author
Warwood A
Address
 
Source
Nurs Stand, 1996 Feb, 10:23, 55
Abstract
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease are the principle causes of death in people with non-insulin dependent diabetes. This is thought to be due to insulin resistance, which is particularly associated with obesity where the fat is deposited in the abdomen, commonly in men and post-menopausal women. High fat diets, usually also high in saturated fatty acids in the UK, are associated with higher blood cholesterol concentrations, a major risk for cerebrovascular disease.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96335596

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cardiovascular Diseases|*ET/MO; Cerebrovascular Disorders|*ET/MO; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*CO; Dietary Fats|*
MeSH Heading
Cause of Death; Female; Great Britain|EP; Human; Male

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0029-6570
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 55 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The maintenance of improved metabolic control after intensified diet therapy in recent type 2 diabetes.
Author
Uusitupa M; Laitinen J; Siitonen O; Vanninen E; Pyörälä K
Address
Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of Kuopio, Finland.
Source
Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1993 Mar, 19:3, 227-38
Abstract
Altogether 86 patients with recently diagnosed NIDDM, aged 40-64 years were randomised after 3 months of basic education to intensified diet (Int. group, 21 men, 19 women) or conventional treatment groups (Conv. group, 28 men, 18 women). The aim was to examine whether an intensified diet education would result in a better metabolic control and greater reduction in cardiovascular risk factors than conventional treatment for obese patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, both groups were re-examined after a second year of observation period to find out the maintenance of the results after intervention. After basic education, Int. group participated in 12-months diet education, while Conv. group was treated in local health centres. During the intervention period, only Int. group showed further weight reduction. Only 20% of patients in Int. and 6% of patients in Conv. group had BMI < 27 kg/m2 at the end of the intervention, while 75% of patients in Int. and 52% of patients in Conv. group had achieved a good metabolic control (fasting blood glucose < 6.7 mmol/l; P = 0.005 between groups). Serum total cholesterol did not change significantly, but the changes in HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B level were significant in Int. group only. The proposed acceptable values for serum lipids were achieved by 52 to 88% of patients without major differences between the two groups. During the second year of observation, weight gained in both groups and a deterioration was seen in metabolic control. Despite that a greater proportion of patients in the Int. group still was in good metabolic control (55.3% vs. 31.8%, P = 0.016), furthermore Int. group was receiving less frequently oral drugs for hyperglycaemia than Conv. group. No differences in serum lipids were observed between the groups after the observation period. HDL-cholesterol showed a persistent improvement in both groups.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93307030

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; C-Peptide|*BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/DH/*PP; Diabetic Diet|*; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|*AN
MeSH Heading
Adult; Apolipoprotein A-I|ME; Apolipoproteins B|ME; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases|CO/DT; Cholesterol|BL; Diabetic Angiopathies|DT/PP; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Glucagon|DU; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Male; Middle Age; Sex Factors; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0168-8227
Country of Publication
IRELAND

Record 56 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
A meta-analysis of infant diet and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: do biases play a role?
Author
Norris JM; Scott FW
Address
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, 80262, USA.
Source
Epidemiology, 1996 Jan, 7:1, 87-92
Abstract
We evaluated the relation between early infant diet and insulin-dependent diabetes risk with a meta-analysis of 17 case-control studies. A summary of all studies indicated a moderate effect for exposure to breast-milk substitutes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.18-1.61] and cow's milk-based substitutes (OR = 1.61; 95% CI = 1.31-1.98) before 3 months of age. Fourteen studies relied on retrospectively collected infant diet data based on long-term maternal recall, which may be biased or inaccurate; three studies used existing infant diet records to assess exposure, thus lessening the possibility of recall bias or inaccurate data. The studies using existing records demonstrated little association compared with the studies relying on long-term recall. Studies in which the controls had a participation rate that was more than 20% lower than that of the cases showed a stronger diabetogenic effect of never being breast-fed (OR = 1.58) than studies whose cases and controls had similar participation rates (OR = 1.06). Thus, differences in the participation rates of cases and controls may have biased the results of these studies. This meta-analysis indicates that the weak association between infant diet and risk of diabetes mellitus may have methodologic explanations.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96245848

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Bias (Epidemiology)|*; Breast Feeding|*; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*EP; Infant Food|*
MeSH Heading
Australia; Europe; Human; Infant; Infant, Newborn; North America; Odds Ratio; Recall; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; META-ANALYSIS
ISSN
1044-3983
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 57 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Comparison of acarbose and metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Author
Willms B; Ruge D
Address
Diabetesklinik Bad Lauterberg, Germany.
Source
Diabet Med, 1999 Sep, 16:9, 755-61
Abstract
AIMS: To compare the efficacy and safety of acarbose and metformin when added to sulphonylurea therapy in diabetic patients insufficiently controlled with sulphonylureas alone. METHODS: A 12-week, single-centre, placebo-controlled study, with 89 patients randomized to receive acarbose (100 mg t.d.s.), metformin (850 mg b.d.) or placebo in addition to their sulphonylurea therapy. The study was double-blinded with respect to acarbose/placebo and single-blinded for metformin/ acarbose and metformin/placebo. Patients started a strict dietary regimen 1 week before receiving their first dose of acarbose, metformin or placebo. This regimen was individually adjusted to metabolic status and energy requirements. RESULTS: The primary endpoint, HbA1c, decreased from baseline in all three groups after 12 weeks. The decrease was greater in the two groups receiving active therapy compared with placebo (acarbose -2.3+/-0.32%; metformin -2.5+/-0.16%; placebo -1.3+/-0.34%). There was no significant difference between acarbose and metformin (P=0.65). Differences between both active therapies and placebo were statistically significant (acarbose P < or = 0.01; metformin P < or = 0.004). Reductions in body weight over the treatment period were seen in all three groups and were greatest in the acarbose group (median weight reduction: acarbose 3.5 kg; metformin, 1.0 kg; placebo 1.4 kg). There were no significant differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects between the three groups and all regimens were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The results of the study demonstrate the equivalence of acarbose and metformin for improving metabolic control in patients insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99438970

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Acarbose|AE/*TU; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/DH/*DT; Hypoglycemic Agents|*TU; Metformin|AE/*TU; Sulfonylurea Compounds|*TU
MeSH Heading
Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Female; Food; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Placebos; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL; Weight Loss

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0742-3071
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 58 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The athlete with type I diabetes: managing insulin, diet and exercise.
Author
Fahey PJ; Stallkamp ET; Kwatra S
Address
Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, USA.
Source
Am Fam Physician, 1996 Apr, 53:5, 1611-24
Abstract
The numerous benefits of exercise for patients with insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus include an increase in insulin sensitivity and a reduction of blood glucose levels. However, competitive athletes with type I diabetes must be careful when planning to exercise. The most common potential complications in these athletes include exercise-induced hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia and postexercise hypoglycemia due to increased insulin sensitivity. With proper modifications of insulin dose and diet, plus careful blood glucose monitoring, athletes with type I diabetes can exercise safely and regularly. To prevent hypoglycemia, the insulin dose may need to be reduced by 30 or 50 percent before exercise. Avoiding regular insulin at bedtime and reducing the evening insulin dose may help prevent nocturnal hypoglycemia after exercise. A tailored diet should reduce the chance of hypoglycemia.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96209646

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*/CO/DH/DT; Diet|*; Exercise|*; Insulin|*AD
MeSH Heading
Human; Hypoglycemia|ET

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0002-838X
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 59 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Associations of serum lipids with metabolic control and diet in young subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Finland.
Author
Virtanen SM; Räsänen L; Virtanen M; Sippola H; Rilva A; Kaprio EA; Mäenpää J; Akerblom HK
Address
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, Aurora Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
Source
Eur J Clin Nutr, 1993 Feb, 47:2, 141-9
Abstract
Association of serum lipids with metabolic control and diet were studied in 72 young subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Data on food consumption were collected by the 48-h recall method. Glycosylated haemoglobin (Hb) A1 was used as a measure of metabolic control. There were no differences between males and females in the mean values for serum total cholesterol (TC, 4.5 and 4.9 mmol/l, respectively), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, 2.7 and 3.0 mmol/l), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 1.3 and 1.4 mmol/l), or serum triglycerides (TG, 1.1 and 1.0 mmol/l). Diabetic subjects who were in better metabolic control (HbA1 < 10.5%), when compared with those in poorer control (HbA1 > or = 10.5%) had lower TC and TG values and a higher HDL-C/TC ratio. HbA1 level and intake of saturated fatty acids were positively associated with serum TC and LDL-C values and explained 14% and 15% of the variation in TC and LDL-C, respectively. HbA1 level and insulin dose per kg of body weight were positively associated with serum TG values and explained 30% of the variation in TG. Serum TC and LDL-C levels of young subjects with IDDM could be lowered by improving their metabolic control and decreasing their saturated fatty acid intake.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93170241

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cholesterol|*BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*BL/DH/ME; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|*AN; Triglycerides|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Body Mass Index; Dietary Fats|AD; Energy Metabolism; Female; Finland; Hospitals, Pediatric; Hospitals, University; Human; Insulin|AD; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Male; Nutrition Surveys; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0954-3007
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 60 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
In vivo insulin action and muscle glycogen synthase activity in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: effects of diet treatment.
Author
Bak JF; M‡ller N; Schmitz O; Saaek A; Pedersen O
Address
Medical Endocrinological Department C, Aarhus Amtssygehus, Denmark.
Source
Diabetologia, 1992 Aug, 35:8, 777-84
Abstract
Insulin resistant glucose metabolism is a key element in the pathogenesis of Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Insulin resistance may be of both primary (genetic) and secondary (metabolic) origin. Before and after diet-induced improvement of glycaemic control seven obese patients with newly-diagnosed Type 2 diabetes were studied with the euglycaemic clamp technique in combination with indirect calorimetry and forearm glucose balance. Muscle biopsies were obtained in the basal state and again after 3 h of hyperinsulinaemia (200 mU/l) for studies of insulin receptor and glycogen synthase activities. Similar studies were performed in seven matched control subjects. Insulin-stimulated glucose utilization improved from 110 +/- 11 to 183 +/- 23 mg.m-2.min-1 (p less than 0.03); control subjects: 219 +/- 23 mg.m-2.min-1 (p = NS, vs post-diet Type 2 diabetes). Non-oxidative glucose disposal increased from 74 +/- 17 to 138 +/- 19 mg.m-2.min-1 (p less than 0.03), control subjects: 159 +/- 22 mg.m-2.min-1 (p = NS, vs post-diet Type 2 diabetic patients). Forearm blood glucose uptake during hyperinsulinaemia increased from 1.58 +/- 0.54 to 3.35 +/- 0.23 mumol.l-1.min-1 (p less than 0.05), control subjects: 2.99 +/- 0.86 mumol.l-1.min-1 (p = NS, vs post-diet Type 2 diabetes). After diet therapy the increase in insulin sensitivity correlated with reductions in fasting plasma glucose levels (r = 0.97, p less than 0.001), reductions in serum fructosamine (r = 0.77, p less than 0.05), and weight loss (r = 0.78, p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
92380361

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|ME/*PP; Diabetic Diet|*; Glycogen Synthase|*ME; Insulin|BL/*PD; Muscles|DE/PH/*PP; Obesity in Diabetes|EN/*PP; Receptor, Insulin|*ME
MeSH Heading
Aged; Biological Markers|BL; Blood Glucose|ME; Body Mass Index; C-Peptide|BL; Calorimetry; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified|BL; Female; Hexosamines|BL; Human; Male; Reference Values; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY

Record 61 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
A high-wheat bran diet in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus: assessment with the artificial pancreas.
Author
McMurry JF Jr; Baumgardner B
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1984 May, 7:3, 211-4
Abstract
The acute effects of adding a large amount of wheat bran to a mixed meal was examined with the artificial pancreas in seven insulin-dependent diabetic patients. The timing of the peak blood glucose concentration and its magnitude were similar with both low- and high-wheat fiber meals. The total and net areas under the glucose curve were comparable. After adjusting for individual basal needs, the insulin requirements for the test meals were nearly identical. We observed no beneficial effect of added wheat bran from this study. We could not demonstrate any need for diabetic patients to adjust insulin dosage for occasional differences in meal wheat bran content.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84235345

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH/DT; Dietary Fiber|*TU
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|ME; Evaluation Studies; Female; Human; Insulin Infusion Systems; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 62 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Decreased insulin requirement and improved control of diabetes in pregnant women given a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-fat diet.
Author
Ney D; Hollingsworth DR; Cousins L
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1982 Sep, 5:5, 529-33
Abstract
Five quantitative measures of diabetic control [HbA1c determinations, mean 24-h plasma glucose values, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean 24-h urinary loss of glucose, and daily exogenous insulin requirement] were compared in 20 pregnant women who were randomly assigned to either a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet (HCF) that was low in fat or to a control diet commonly prescribed for pregnancy. Eleven women followed the HCF diet and nine subjects, the control diet, from baseline entry into the study until delivery. Dietary compliance was excellent, with 78% of the women in each group rated good or acceptable. HbA1c values were similar in both groups at baseline (HCF: 11.0 +/- 0.5% versus control: 10.2 +/- 0.6%), with no different predelivery values (8.6 +/- 0.4%). Mean 24-h plasma glucose levels improved in patients on both diets, with lower values noted in the HCF group at predelivery. MAGE values and standard deviations did not differ significantly in the two groups. Glycosuria decreased markedly in both dietary groups, but differences between groups were not significant. Improved control of diabetes on the HCF diet was achieved with significantly lower increments in insulin dose during gestation (HCF baseline: 32 +/- 8 U/24 h to 66 +/- 10 U/24 h versus control baseline: 27 +/- 9 U/24 h to 108 +/- 12 U/24 h, P less than 0.03). Outcome of pregnancy did not differ in the two groups of patients, but women on the HCF diet gained less weight than those on the control diet (26 +/- 3 lb versus 35 +/- 5 lb, P less than 0.05). Mean newborn gestational age was similar in the two groups (HCF: 37.2 +/- 0.7 wk versus control: 36.5 +/- 0.7 wk). Mean birth weight in infants of HCF mothers was 3809 +/- 248 g versus 3313 +/- 278 g in infants of control mothers (P less than 0.05). We conclude that although marked improvement of diabetic control occurred on both regimens, patients on the HCF diet achieved better control of diabetes with significantly lower increments in exogenous insulin.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84235309

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Insulin|*AD; Pregnancy in Diabetes|*DH
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Comparative Study; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Fiber|AD; Female; Human; Pregnancy; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 63 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Comparison of acarbose and metformin in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Author
Willms B; Ruge D
Address
Diabetesklinik Bad Lauterberg, Germany.
Source
Diabet Med, 1999 Sep, 16:9, 755-61
Abstract
AIMS: To compare the efficacy and safety of acarbose and metformin when added to sulphonylurea therapy in diabetic patients insufficiently controlled with sulphonylureas alone. METHODS: A 12-week, single-centre, placebo-controlled study, with 89 patients randomized to receive acarbose (100 mg t.d.s.), metformin (850 mg b.d.) or placebo in addition to their sulphonylurea therapy. The study was double-blinded with respect to acarbose/placebo and single-blinded for metformin/ acarbose and metformin/placebo. Patients started a strict dietary regimen 1 week before receiving their first dose of acarbose, metformin or placebo. This regimen was individually adjusted to metabolic status and energy requirements. RESULTS: The primary endpoint, HbA1c, decreased from baseline in all three groups after 12 weeks. The decrease was greater in the two groups receiving active therapy compared with placebo (acarbose -2.3+/-0.32%; metformin -2.5+/-0.16%; placebo -1.3+/-0.34%). There was no significant difference between acarbose and metformin (P=0.65). Differences between both active therapies and placebo were statistically significant (acarbose P < or = 0.01; metformin P < or = 0.004). Reductions in body weight over the treatment period were seen in all three groups and were greatest in the acarbose group (median weight reduction: acarbose 3.5 kg; metformin, 1.0 kg; placebo 1.4 kg). There were no significant differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal side-effects between the three groups and all regimens were generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION: The results of the study demonstrate the equivalence of acarbose and metformin for improving metabolic control in patients insufficiently controlled with diet and sulphonylureas.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99438970

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Acarbose|AE/*TU; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/DH/*DT; Hypoglycemic Agents|*TU; Metformin|AE/*TU; Sulfonylurea Compounds|*TU
MeSH Heading
Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Female; Food; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Placebos; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL; Weight Loss

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0742-3071
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 64 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet in children with type I diabetes mellitus.
Author
Lindsay AN; Hardy S; Jarrett L; Rallison ML
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1984 Jan, 7:1, 63-7
Abstract
The effects of a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber (HCHF) diet on glucose control was evaluated in 12 children with type I diabetes mellitus. The children had had diabetes for an average of 5.25 yr; their mean glycosylated hemoglobin was 12.4% (normal 5-9%), and C-peptide was virtually undetectable in all but one. They were followed on a regular diabetic diet for 10 days at home and in the hospital and then were studied on a HCHF diet for 14 days. The HCHF diet contained 60% carbohydrate and 30 g of fiber per 1000 cal provided through grains, fruits, vegetables, and high-fiber crackers. Capillary blood glucose levels were monitored at home before meals and at bedtime, and venous plasma glucose levels were measured in the hospital before and after each meal and during the night. Plasma glucose was measured serially after test meals with each diet. There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels preprandially, postprandially, and while fasting on the two diets. The 24-h glucose profiles and posttest meal profiles obtained during both diets were remarkably similar. We conclude that a diet high in fiber and carbohydrate has limited application in children with type I diabetes mellitus who have no residual beta-cell function.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84158086

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Blood Glucose|AN; Child; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 65 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Apolipoprotein assays: methodological considerations and studies in non-insulin-dependent diabetes treated by diet, glibenclamide and insulin.
Author
Billingham MS; Milles JJ; Green A; Bailey CJ; Hall RA
Address
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Good Hope General Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Source
Scand J Clin Lab Invest, 1989 May, 49:3, 239-47
Abstract
The effect of sample pre-treatment as a source of variability of apolipoprotein (apo) AI, AII and B assays was demonstrated with lipid dissociating agents. The average mean percentage change ranged from -58 to +133% compared with untreated samples. The apolipoprotein method selected was validated by comparing their concentrations with their corresponding lipoprotein lipid or protein in normal controls and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. The coefficient of variation was maintained below 3.5% for apo AI, AII, B and HDL2-apo AI. The apolipoprotein concentrations of fasting plasma lipoproteins were determined in a cross-sectional study of non-obese (body-mass index less than or equal to 30) patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Compared with normal subjects matched for sex, age, body-mass index, exercise, alcohol consumption and smoking. Type 2 patients at diagnosis showed reduced apo AI and HDL2-apo AI concentrations, lowered apo AI:B ratio and increased concentrations of apo B. Type 2 patients treated by diet alone (for 6-72 months) and diet plus glibenclamide (2.5-15 mg/day for 6-48 months) exhibited similar abnormalities of plasma apolipoprotein concentration to Type 2 patients at diagnosis. However, in Type 2 patients treated with insulin (25-65 U/day for 8-144 months) concentrations of apo AI and HDL2-apo AI, and the apo AI:B ratio were normal. Apo B concentrations were generally lower compared with all groups of non-insulin treated patients. These abnormalities of apolipoprotein metabolism, which are associated with premature coronary disease, are still evident in patients treated by diet and diet plus glibenclamide, but are not seen in Type 2 patients treated with insulin.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89298229

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Apolipoproteins A|*BL; Apolipoproteins B|*BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL/DH/DT
MeSH Heading
Adult; Diabetic Diet; Female; Glyburide|TU; Human; Insulin|TU; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0036-5513
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 66 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Metabolic effects of adding sucrose and aspartame to the diet of subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Colagiuri S; Miller JJ; Edwards RA
Address
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1989 Sep, 50:3, 474-8
Abstract
This study compared the effects of adding sucrose and aspartame to the usual diet of individuals with well-controlled noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). A double-blind, cross-over design was used with each 6-wk study period. During the sucrose period, 45 g sucrose (9% of total daily energy) was added, 10 g with each main meal and 5 g with each between-meal beverage. An equivalent sweetening quantity of aspartame (162 mg) was ingested during the aspartame period. The addition of sucrose did not have a deleterious effect on glycemic control, lipids, glucose tolerance, or insulin action. No differences were observed between sucrose and aspartame. Sucrose added as an integral part of the diabetic diet does not adversely affect metabolic control in well-controlled NIDDM subjects. Aspartame is an acceptable sugar substitute for diabetic individuals but no specific advantage over sucrose was demonstrated.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89371567

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Aspartame|*PD; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/*ME; Diabetic Diet|*; Dipeptides|*PD; Sucrose|*PD
MeSH Heading
Aged; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Glucose|ME; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Human; Insulin|ME; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 67 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Lipoprotein subfraction composition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes treated by diet, sulphonylurea, and insulin.
Author
Billingham MS; Milles JJ; Bailey CJ; Hall RA
Address
Department of Biochemistry, Good Hope Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
Source
Metabolism, 1989 Sep, 38:9, 850-7
Abstract
Lipoprotein abnormalities may predispose to an increased risk of coronary heart disease in type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. To investigate the effects of different treatment modalities, the composition and concentrations of fasting plasma lipoproteins were determined in a cross-sectional study of patients with type II diabetes at diagnosis, treated by diet alone, treated by diet + glibenclamide (2.5 to 15 mg/d for 6 to 48 months), and treated by diet + insulin (25 to 65 U/d for 8 to 144 months). Compared with normal subjects matched for sex, age, body mass index, exercise, alcohol consumption and smoking, type II patients at diagnosis showed increased concentrations of nonesterified and esterified cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and protein in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) fraction. However, the only alteration in VLDL composition was a small decrease in the relative proportion of phospholipid. Apolipoprotein-B and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentrations were also raised in type II patients at diagnosis. Plasma concentrations of high density lipoprotein (HDL) nonesterified and esterified cholesterol, phospholipid, and apo-AI were lower in type II patients at diagnosis. This was largely accounted for by reduced concentrations of these components in the HDL2 subfraction, which retained a normal composition. Type II patients treated by diet alone and diet + glibenclamide exhibited similar abnormalities of plasma lipoprotein concentrations, which are associated with premature coronary disease, to the type II patients at diagnosis. However, in type II patients treated with insulin, plasma lipoprotein concentrations and composition were normal, except LDL cholesterol, which was lower than normal in insulin-treated patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89364273

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/DT/*ME; Diabetic Diet|*; Insulin|BL/*TU; Lipoproteins|*AN; Sulfonylurea Compounds|*TU
MeSH Heading
Apolipoproteins B|BL; C-Peptide|AN; Cholesterol|BL; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL|BL; Lipoproteins, VLDL|BL; Middle Age; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0026-0495
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 68 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Interventions based on microalbuminuria screening and low-protein diet in the treatment of kidney disease of diabetes mellitus.
Author
Viberti GC
Address
Unit for Metabolic Medicine, UMDS, Guy's Hospital, London, England.
Source
Am J Kidney Dis, 1989 Jan, 13:1, 41-4
Abstract
Microalbuminuria in insulin-dependent diabetics appears to indicate early renal damage rather than susceptibility to it, yet a series of relatively small, short-term intervention studies in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients have already demonstrated reduction in albumin excretion rates or arrest in the increase of fractional clearance of albumin. Treatments have ranged from the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors aimed at lowering BP to the use of diets restricted to 0.5 to 0.6 g/kg protein and strict blood glucose control by intensified insulin treatment. Large, long-term intervention studies of cohorts of insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with microalbuminuria are now needed to assess the effects of the different modalities of care on the development of persistent proteinuria, end-stage renal disease, and cardiovascular mortality as well as associated quantitative changes in the renal structure.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89103302

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Albuminuria|*UR; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*TH/UR; Diabetic Nephropathies|*TH/UR
MeSH Heading
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors|TU; Diabetic Diet; Dietary Proteins|AD; Human; Kidney Failure, Chronic|TH

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0272-6386
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 69 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Influence of treatment with diet alone on oral glucose-tolerance test and plasma sugar and insulin levels in patients with maturity-onset diabetes mellitus.
Author
Doar JWH; Wilde CE; Thompson ME; Sewell PFJ
Address
 
Source
Lancet, 1975 Jun, 1:7919, 1263-6
Abstract
Oral glucose-tolerance test (O.G.T.T.) plasma sugar and insulin levels were measured in 118 newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetic patients before and after treatment with diet alone for periods of 2 and 6 months. The results of glucose-tolerance tests carried out during treatment could be predicted from the initial test and the weight reduction between the tests. This prediction was not improved by the addition of further variables, including age, obesity, and plasma-insulin levels during the first test. The change in O.C.T.T. plasma-insulin between the first and second tests was predicted by the result of the initial tests, the improvement of glucose tolerance between the two tests, and the degree of weight reduction. 95% of the group achieved some improvement of glucose tolerance after 2 months of dietary treatment, and 59% of the group achieved adequate diabetic control by this time. It is concluded that treatment with diet alone should be the first-line management for patients with newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetes mellitus.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
75173885

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*AN; Diabetes Mellitus|BL/*DH/DI; Diabetic Diet|*; Insulin|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Body Weight; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Middle Age; Remission, Spontaneous; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0140-6736
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 70 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet, diabetes, hypertension and blacks.
Author
Gaskin R
Address
Geriatric Hospital, St. Michael, Barbados, West Indies.
Source
Ethn Dis, 1999 Spr, 9:2, 272-7
Abstract
The prevalence of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is increasing in all populations. This increment has been correlated with changes in lifestyle, particularly in eating behavior. Migration studies strongly suggest that NIDDM becomes more common when lifestyle factors interact with genetic susceptibility. Blacks have a higher prevalence of NIDDM than whites. In this study, it is suggested that persistent hyperglycemia mediated through the main carbohydrate of the Western diet-wheat, as white flour and whole wheat-in combination with partial or complete glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency are possible factors for the higher prevalence of NIDDM in blacks.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99347458

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blacks|*; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*EH/GE/ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD
MeSH Heading
Glucose-6-Phosphate|DF; Glycosylation End Products, Advanced|BL; Human; Hyperglycemia|EH/ME; Hypertension|EH/ME; Prevalence; Risk Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
1049-510X
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 71 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet and diabetes in the elderly.
Author
Fonseca V; Wall J
Address
Diabetic Clinic, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA.
Source
Clin Geriatr Med, 1995 Nov, 11:4, 613-24
Abstract
This article draws attention to some of the unique aspects of diabetes mellitus in the elderly and outlines the principles of management of diabetes in this age group with emphasis on diet therapy. The implications of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial for the elderly person with diabetes is also briefly discussed. The new nutrition recommendations of the American Diabetes Association are summarized, and the evolving enhanced role of the dietitian in the management of diabetes is highlighted.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96165609

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*DH/DI/PC; Diet, Reducing|*
MeSH Heading
Aged; Female; Human; Male

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0749-0690
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 72 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Diet, obesity, and metabolic control in girls with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Pietiläinen KH; Virtanen SM; Rissanen A; Rita H; Mäenpää J
Address
Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Source
Arch Dis Child, 1995 Nov, 73:5, 398-402
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To investigate whether girls with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were more overweight than nondiabetic girls, and how diet, insulin treatment, metabolic control, age, and pubertal status were related to body weight and fat content. DESIGN--Case-control study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS--48 IDDM girls aged 10-19 years and controls matched for age and social class participated in the study. Overweight was assessed by body mass index (BMI), relative weight, and body fat from skinfold thicknesses. Food consumption data were collected by a 48 hour recall method. RESULTS--The girls with IDDM were more overweight than control girls according to all measures of obesity (for example, mean BMI 20.3 v 18.9 kg/m2). The daily insulin dose/body weight correlated positively with BMI and per cent body fat. CONCLUSIONS--Girls with IDDM are more overweight than their peers, which indicates that a more effective prevention of obesity is needed in the treatment of diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96148408

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|DT/*PA; Diet|*; Obesity in Diabetes|DT/*PA
MeSH Heading
Adipose Tissue|PA; Adolescence; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Case-Control Studies; Child; Female; Human; Insulin|AD

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0003-9888
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 73 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Influence of imaginative teaching of diet on compliance and metabolic control in insulin dependent diabetes.
Author
McCulloch DK; Mitchell RD; Ambler J; Tattersall RB
Address
 
Source
Br Med J (Clin Res Ed), 1983 Dec, 287:6408, 1858-61
A