100 Scientific Studies:  Diabetes And Carbohydrates

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Words in title only: diabetes And carbohydrate
Published in 1966 through 1999
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1 Hockaday TD, et al; Prospective comparison of modified fat-high-carbohydrate with standard low-carbohydrate dietary advice in the treatment of diabetes: one year follow-up study. (Br J Nutr, 1978 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
2 Lousley SE, et al; High carbohydrate-high fibre diets in poorly controlled diabetes. (Diabet Med, 1984 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
3 Jenkins DJ; Lente carbohydrate: a newer approach to the dietary management of diabetes. (Diabetes Care, 1982 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
4 Ney D, et al; Decreased insulin requirement and improved control of diabetes in pregnant women given a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-fat diet. (Diabetes Care, 1982 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
5 Riccardi G, et al; Separate influence of dietary carbohydrate and fibre on the metabolic control in diabetes. (Diabetologia, 1984 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
6 Lindsay AN, et al; High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet in children with type I diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes Care, 1984 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
7 El Beheri Burgess BR; Rationale for changes in the dietary management of diabetes. Fat, carbohydrate, and fiber. (J Am Diet Assoc, 1982 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
8 Perkins JR, et al; The effects of energy and carbohydrate restriction in patients with chronic diabetes mellitus. (Diabetologia, 1977 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
9 Manhire A, et al; Unrefined carbohydrate and dietary fibre in treatment of diabetes mellitus. (J Hum Nutr, 1981 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
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Menu Position #10

Wahren J; Influence of somatostatin on carbohydrate disposal and absorption in diabetes mellitus. (Lancet, 1976 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

11 Durlach J, et al; Magnesium and potassium in diabetes and carbohydrate metabolism. Review of the present status and recent results. (Magnesium, 1984, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
12 Coulston AM, et al; Effect of source of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to test meals in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1984 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
13 Pehling G, et al; Abnormal meal carbohydrate disposition in insulin-dependent diabetes. Relative contributions of endogenous glucose production and initial splanchnic uptake and effect of intensive insulin therapy. (J Clin Invest, 1984 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
14 Bogardus C, et al; Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes, 1984 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
15 Hollenbeck CB, et al; The composition and nutritional adequacy of subject-selected high carbohydrate, low fat diets in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1983 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
16 Davidson MB; The effect of aging on carbohydrate metabolism: a review of the English literature and a practical approach to the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the elderly. (Metabolism, 1979 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
17 Jarrett RJ, et al; Treatment of borderline diabetes: controlled trial using carbohydrate restriction and phenformin. (Br Med J, 1977 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
18 Gerich JE; Somatostatin. Its possible role in carbohydrate homeostasis and the treatment of diabetes mellitus. (Arch Intern Med, 1977 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
19 Pyörälä T, et al; The effect of lynestrenol and norethindrone on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in subjects with gestational diabetes. (Ann Chir Gynaecol, 1979, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
20 Anderson JW, et al; High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets for insulin-treated men with diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1979 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
21 Anderson JW; High carbohydrate, high fiber diets for patients with diabetes. (Adv Exp Med Biol, 1979, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
22 Simpson RW, et al; Improved glucose control in maturity-onset diabetes treated with high-carbohydrate-modified fat diet. (Br Med J, 1979 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
23 Ratzmann KP, et al; Relationship between body fat mass, carbohydrate tolerance and IRI response during glucose infusion in subjects with early diabetes. (Acta Diabetol Lat, 1979 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
24 Ginsberg Fellner F, et al; HLA antigens, cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies, and carbohydrate tolerance in families of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes, 1982 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
25 Waldhäusl W, et al; Insulin production rate, hepatic insulin retention and splanchnic carbohydrate metabolism after oral glucose ingestion in hyperinsulinaemic Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. (Diabetologia, 1982 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
26 Chevaux F, et al; Insulin resistance and carbohydrate oxidation in patients with chemical diabetes. (Diabete Metab, 1982 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
27 Collier G, et al; Effect of physical form of carbohydrate on the postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses in type 2 diabetes. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1982 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
28 Anderson JW, et al; Long-term effects of high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets on glucose and lipid metabolism: a preliminary report on patients with diabetes. (Diabetes Care, 1978 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
29 Akgun S, et al; Hyperparathyroidism and coexisting diabetes mellitus. Altered carbohydrate metabolism. (Arch Intern Med, 1978 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
30 Anderson JW; Effect of carbohydrate restriction and high carbohydrates diets on men with chemical diabetes. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1977 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
31 Guder W, et al; Is glucose a reliable index of carbohydrate metabolism? Report on the joint workshop conference "Glucose" of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and the German Diabetes Society held on May 15-16, 1981 in Stuttgart, Germany. (J Clin Chem Clin Biochem, 1982 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
32 Winter RJ, et al; Carbohydrate homeostasis in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: increased incidence of diabetes mellitus. (J Pediatr, 1976 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
33 Thomson JE, et al; Effect of carbohydrate restriction on lipoprotein abnormalities in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus. (Acta Diabetol Lat, 1980 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
34 ODea K, et al; The effects of diet differing in fat, carbohydrate, and fiber on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type II diabetes. (J Am Diet Assoc, 1989 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
35 Sermer M, et al; Impact of increasing carbohydrate intolerance on maternal-fetal outcomes in 3637 women without gestational diabetes. The Toronto Tri-Hospital Gestational Diabetes Project. (Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1995 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
36 Gannon MC, et al; Acute metabolic response to high-carbohydrate, high-starch meals compared with moderate-carbohydrate, low-starch meals in subjects with type 2 diabetes. (Diabetes Care, 1998 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
37 Marshall JA, et al; High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet and the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study. (Am J Epidemiol, 1991 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
38 Bonanome A, et al; Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
39 Füessl HS; Delaying carbohydrate absorption in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: useful therapy? (Klin Wochenschr, 1987 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
40 Garg A, et al; Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (N Engl J Med, 1988 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
41 Vlachokosta FV, et al; Dietary carbohydrate, a Big Mac, and insulin requirements in type I diabetes. (Diabetes Care, 1988 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
42 Van Duyn MA, et al; Nutritional risk of high-carbohydrate, guar gum dietary supplementation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes Care, 1986 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
43 McCulloch DK, et al; A prospective comparison of 'conventional' and high carbohydrate/high fibre/low fat diets in adults with established type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes. (Diabetologia, 1985 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
44 Hollenbeck CB, et al; The effects of subject-selected high carbohydrate, low fat diets on glycemic control in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1985 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
45 Teuscher T, et al; Absence of diabetes in a rural West African population with a high carbohydrate/cassava diet. (Lancet, 1987 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
46 Kouris A, et al; Characteristics that enhance adherence to high-carbohydrate/high-fiber diets by persons with diabetes. (J Am Diet Assoc, 1988 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
47 Vanelli M, et al; Ketoacidosis and hyperosmolarity as first symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus following ingestion of high-carbohydrate-containing fluids. (J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 1999, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
48 Nuttall FQ; The high-carbohydrate diet in diabetes management. (Adv Intern Med, 1988, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
49 Hockaday TD; High-carbohydrate and fibre diets in the treatment of diabetes. (Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl, 1987, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
50 Stevens J, et al; Outpatient management of diabetes mellitus with patient education to increase dietary carbohydrate and fiber. (Diabetes Care, 1985 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
51 Isichei UP, et al; Serum trehalase activities in controlled and uncontrolled diabetes and the impact of oral glucose, high carbohydrate and glycosuria on serum levels. (Afr J Med Med Sci, 1993 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
52 OBrien T, et al; Lipoprotein compositional changes in the fasting and postprandial state on a high-carbohydrate low-fat and a high-fat diet in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1993 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
53 Vanelli M, et al; Ketoacidosis and hyperosmolarity as first symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus following ingestion of high-carbohydrate-containing fluids. (J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 1999 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
54 Price KJ, et al; Prescribed versus unrestricted carbohydrate diets in children with type 1 diabetes. (Diabet Med, 1993 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
55 Greenhouse L, et al; Alcohol-associated diabetes mellitus. A review of the impact of alcohol consumption on carbohydrate metabolism. (Arch Fam Med, 1996 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
56 Boden G, et al; Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Metabolism, 1996 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
57 Abraira C, et al; Large variations of sucrose in constant carbohydrate diets in type II diabetes. (Am J Med, 1988 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
58 Layer P, et al; Carbohydrate digestion and release of pancreatic polypeptide in health and diabetes mellitus. (Gut, 1989 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
59 Caruso A, et al; Carbohydrate metabolism in gestational diabetes: effect of chronic hypertension. (Obstet Gynecol, 1999 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
60 Layer P, et al; Effect of a purified amylase inhibitor on carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus. (Mayo Clin Proc, 1986 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
61 Kaufman FR, et al; Use of a plastic insulin dosage guide to correct blood glucose levels out of the target range and for carbohydrate counting in subjects with type 1 diabetes. (Diabetes Care, 1999 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
62 Chen YD, et al; Effect of variations in dietary fat and carbohydrate intake on postprandial lipemia in patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1993 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
63 Catalano PM, et al; Carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in control subjects and women with gestational diabetes. (Am J Physiol, 1993 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
64 Caruso A, et al; Carbohydrate metabolism in gestational diabetes: effect of chronic hypertension. (Obstet Gynecol, 1999 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
65 Walker KZ, et al; Body fat distribution and non-insulin-dependent diabetes: comparison of a fiber-rich, high-carbohydrate, low-fat (23%) diet and a 35% fat diet high in monounsaturated fat [see comments] (Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
66 Anderson JW; Recent advances in carbohydrate nutrition and metabolism in diabetes mellitus. (J Am Coll Nutr, 1989, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
67 Kaufman FR, et al; Use of a plastic insulin dosage guide to correct blood glucose levels out of the target range and for carbohydrate counting in subjects with type 1 diabetes. (Diabetes Care, 1999 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
68 Van Gaal L, et al; Effects of acarbose on carbohydrate metabolism, electrolytes, minerals and vitamins in fairly well-controlled non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Z Gastroenterol, 1991 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
69 Peters AL, et al; Lack of glucose elevation after simulated tube feeding with a low-carbohydrate, high-fat enteral formula in patients with type I diabetes. (Am J Med, 1989 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
70 Ben G, et al; Effects of chronic alcohol intake on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in subjects with type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes. (Am J Med, 1991 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
71 Watts NB, et al; Carbohydrate tolerance improves with fasting in obese subjects with noninsulin-dependent (type II) diabetes. (Am J Med Sci, 1990 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
72 Jenkins DJ, et al; Nutrition principles and diabetes. A role for "lente carbohydrate"? (Diabetes Care, 1995 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
73 Peterson CM, et al; Randomized crossover study of 40% vs. 55% carbohydrate weight loss strategies in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic women of 130-200% ideal body weight. (J Am Coll Nutr, 1995 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
74 Peterson CM, et al; Percentage of carbohydrate and glycemic response to breakfast, lunch, and dinner in women with gestational diabetes. (Diabetes, 1991 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
75 Kjos SL, et al; Effect of low-dose oral contraceptives on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women with recent gestational diabetes: results of a controlled, randomized, prospective study. (Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1990 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
76 Wolever TM, et al; Day-to-day consistency in amount and source of carbohydrate associated with improved blood glucose control in type 1 diabetes. (J Am Coll Nutr, 1999 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
77 Blades B, et al; Mechanisms of increase in plasma triacylglycerol concentrations as a result of high carbohydrate intakes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1995 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
78 Guder WG, et al; Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of the renal tubule in diabetes mellitus. (Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem, 1992 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
79 Chapin BL, et al; Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes and abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism in a U.S. Army population. (Diabetes Care, 1999 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
80 Litwak KN, et al; Streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in cynomolgus monkeys: changes in carbohydrate metabolism, skin glycation, and pancreatic islets. (Lab Anim Sci, 1998 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
81 Sanz París A, et al; High-fat versus high-carbohydrate enteral formulae: effect on blood glucose, C-peptide, and ketones in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with insulin or sulfonylurea [see comments] (Nutrition, 1998 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
82 Gutierrez M, et al; Utility of a short-term 25% carbohydrate diet on improving glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (J Am Coll Nutr, 1998 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
83 Garg A, et al; Effects of varying carbohydrate content of diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus [see comments] (JAMA, 1994 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
84 Murphy NJ, et al; Carbohydrate sources for gestational diabetes mellitus screening. A comparison. (J Reprod Med, 1994 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
85 Gregory RP, et al; Use of carbohydrate counting for meal planning in type I diabetes. (Diabetes Educ, 1994 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
86 Kimura S, et al; Efficacy of a multiple insulin injection regimen in teenagers with insulin-dependent diabetes. Carbohydrate and lipid oxidation measured by continuous indirect calorimetry. (Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1987 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
87 Hallfrisch J; Dietary sugars and carbohydrate metabolism in type II diabetes. (J Am Coll Nutr, 1987 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
88 Firth R, et al; Effects of tolazamide and exogenous insulin on pattern of postprandial carbohydrate metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Results of randomized crossover trial. (Diabetes, 1987 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
89 Coulston AM, et al; Deleterious metabolic effects of high-carbohydrate, sucrose-containing diets in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Am J Med, 1987 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
90 Glauber HS, et al; The effects of biosynthetic human proinsulin on carbohydrate metabolism in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (N Engl J Med, 1987 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
91 Thorburn AW, et al; Slowly digested and absorbed carbohydrate in traditional bushfoods: a protective factor against diabetes? (Am J Clin Nutr, 1987 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
92 Craig LD, et al; Use of a reduced-carbohydrate, modified-fat enteral formula for improving metabolic control and clinical outcomes in long-term care residents with type 2 diabetes: results of a pilot trial. (Nutrition, 1998 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
93 Jeng CY, et al; Changes in carbohydrate metabolism in association with glipizide treatment of type 2 diabetes. (Diabet Med, 1991 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
94 Gillespie SJ, et al; Using carbohydrate counting in diabetes clinical practice. (J Am Diet Assoc, 1998 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
95 Benaim ME, et al; Effect of nifedipine on carbohydrate metabolism and serum lipoproteins in hypertensive patients with and without diabetes mellitus. (Eur Heart J, 1987 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
96 Roongpisuthipong C, et al; Postprandial glucose and insulin responses to various tropical fruits of equivalent carbohydrate content in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1991 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
97 Hollenbeck CB, et al; Effects of dietary carbohydrate and fat intake on glucose and lipoprotein metabolism in individuals with diabetes mellitus. (Diabetes Care, 1991 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
98 Loriette C, et al; Permissive role of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on carbohydrate oxidation in human infant skin fibroblasts: one possible mechanism of their intervention on coronary heart disease and diabetes. (J Am Coll Nutr, 1987 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
99 Georgopoulos A, et al; Differences in the metabolism of postprandial lipoproteins after a high-monounsaturated-fat versus a high-carbohydrate diet in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1998 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
100 Catalano PM; Carbohydrate metabolism and gestational diabetes. (Clin Obstet Gynecol, 1994 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

       

Record 1 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Prospective comparison of modified fat-high-carbohydrate with standard low-carbohydrate dietary advice in the treatment of diabetes: one year follow-up study.
Author
Hockaday TD; Hockaday JM; Mann JI; Turner RC
Address
 
Source
Br J Nutr, 1978 Mar, 39:2, 357-62
Abstract
1. A prospective randomized study of two dietary regimens has been started in newly-diagnosed diabetics to determine their effect on circulating metabolites and on diabetic complications. 2. During the first year of treatment the fasting plasma glucose concentrations on both the low-carbohydrate diet and the high-carbohydrate, modified-fat (MF) diet showed a similar decrease. 3. Plasma cholesterol showed a sustained decrease only in patients recommended a MF diet. Transient changes in plasma triglyceride concentrations occurred in patients on both dietary regimens. 4. Increased plasma cholesterol levels are associated with atheromatous disease which is common in diabetics in Europe and North America. A MF diet may therefore have an advantage in that it lowers the plasma cholesterol as well as being effective in lowering the plasma glucose.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
78124119

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|BL/*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|AN; Body Weight; Cholesterol|BL; Dietary Fats|AD; Human; Middle Age; Prospective Studies; Time Factors; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0007-1145
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 2 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
High carbohydrate-high fibre diets in poorly controlled diabetes.
Author
Lousley SE; Jones DB; Slaughter P; Carter RD; Jelfs R; Mann JI
Address
 
Source
Diabet Med, 1984 May, 1:1, 21-5
Abstract
Fifteen non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with persistently elevated blood glucoses despite high doses of oral hypoglycaemic agents, were randomly allocated to a high carbohydrate-high fibre diet (HC) or a reinforced low carbohydrate diet (LC). After six weeks the diets were reversed for a similar period. Immediately preceding the study and at the end of each dietary period 24-h biochemical profiles were performed. In the 11 patients who completed the study, fasting and preprandial glucose, percentage glycosylated haemoglobin, VLDL cholesterol and mean 24-h triglycerides were significantly lower on HC than on LC or during the initial profile on their usual diet. There was no significant difference in any of the measurements on LC compared with the usual diet. Previous studies of high carbohydrate-high fibre diets in diabetes have been carried out in relatively well-controlled patients. These data show that poorly controlled non-insulin-dependent patients have an even more striking response.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87274655

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH/PP; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD
MeSH Heading
Aged; Blood Glucose|AN/ME; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, VLDL|BL; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0742-3071
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 3 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Lente carbohydrate: a newer approach to the dietary management of diabetes.
Author
Jenkins DJ
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1982 Nov, 5:6, 634-41
Abstract
The dietary fiber hypothesis has stimulated interest in the possibility that the glycemic response to carbohydrate foods may be reduced by modifying gastrointestinal events to produce sustained-release or "lente" carbohydrate. Associated with this interest, a new branch of pharmacology has been developed involving the use of purified fiber preparations and enzyme inhibitors. These measures, together with the selection of diets containing foods that naturally release their carbohydrate products of digestion slowly, may contribute a useful facet to diabetic management in the future.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87132860

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD
MeSH Heading
Galactans|AD; Human; Mannans|AD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 4 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Decreased insulin requirement and improved control of diabetes in pregnant women given a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber, low-fat diet.
Author
Ney D; Hollingsworth DR; Cousins L
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1982 Sep, 5:5, 529-33
Abstract
Five quantitative measures of diabetic control [HbA1c determinations, mean 24-h plasma glucose values, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), mean 24-h urinary loss of glucose, and daily exogenous insulin requirement] were compared in 20 pregnant women who were randomly assigned to either a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet (HCF) that was low in fat or to a control diet commonly prescribed for pregnancy. Eleven women followed the HCF diet and nine subjects, the control diet, from baseline entry into the study until delivery. Dietary compliance was excellent, with 78% of the women in each group rated good or acceptable. HbA1c values were similar in both groups at baseline (HCF: 11.0 +/- 0.5% versus control: 10.2 +/- 0.6%), with no different predelivery values (8.6 +/- 0.4%). Mean 24-h plasma glucose levels improved in patients on both diets, with lower values noted in the HCF group at predelivery. MAGE values and standard deviations did not differ significantly in the two groups. Glycosuria decreased markedly in both dietary groups, but differences between groups were not significant. Improved control of diabetes on the HCF diet was achieved with significantly lower increments in insulin dose during gestation (HCF baseline: 32 +/- 8 U/24 h to 66 +/- 10 U/24 h versus control baseline: 27 +/- 9 U/24 h to 108 +/- 12 U/24 h, P less than 0.03). Outcome of pregnancy did not differ in the two groups of patients, but women on the HCF diet gained less weight than those on the control diet (26 +/- 3 lb versus 35 +/- 5 lb, P less than 0.05). Mean newborn gestational age was similar in the two groups (HCF: 37.2 +/- 0.7 wk versus control: 36.5 +/- 0.7 wk). Mean birth weight in infants of HCF mothers was 3809 +/- 248 g versus 3313 +/- 278 g in infants of control mothers (P less than 0.05). We conclude that although marked improvement of diabetic control occurred on both regimens, patients on the HCF diet achieved better control of diabetes with significantly lower increments in exogenous insulin.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84235309

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Insulin|*AD; Pregnancy in Diabetes|*DH
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Comparative Study; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Fiber|AD; Female; Human; Pregnancy; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 5 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Separate influence of dietary carbohydrate and fibre on the metabolic control in diabetes.
Author
Riccardi G; Rivellese A; Pacioni D; Genovese S; Mastranzo P; Mancini M
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1984 Feb, 26:2, 116-21
Abstract
To clarify the separate influences of digestible carbohydrate and of dietary fibre on blood glucose control and serum lipoproteins, 14 diabetic patients (six Type 1 and eight Type 2) were submitted to three weight-maintaining diets for 10 days each: (1) low carbohydrate/low fibre diet with 42% carbohydrate and 20 g fibre; (2) high carbohydrate/low fibre diet (carbohydrate 53%, fibre 16 g); (3) high carbohydrate/ high fibre diet (carbohydrate 53%, fibre 54 g). In comparison with the low carbohydrate/low fibre diet, the 2-h post-prandial blood glucose and the daily blood glucose profile decreased significantly on the high carbohydrate/high fibre diet, without significant changes during the high carbohydrate/low fibre diet. The diet-induced modifications of blood glucose control were similar in both types of diabetic patients (two-way analysis of variance: F = 5.86, p less than 0.02 for dietary treatment and F = 2.09, NS for type of diabetes). Total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were also decreased after the high carbohydrate/high fibre diet in comparison with the low carbohydrate/low fibre diet (p less than 0.001 for both), while they were not significantly modified after the high carbohydrate/low fibre diet. Again the modifications of low density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by diet were similar in both types of diabetic patients (F = 10.02, p less than 0.005 for dietary treatment and F = 0.14 for type of diabetes, NS). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower after the two test diets than after the low carbohydrate/low fibre diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84183357

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|BL/DH/*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/DH/*ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|ME; Body Weight; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Diabetic Diet; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL|BL; Lipoproteins, VLDL|BL; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST

Record 6 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diet in children with type I diabetes mellitus.
Author
Lindsay AN; Hardy S; Jarrett L; Rallison ML
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1984 Jan, 7:1, 63-7
Abstract
The effects of a high-carbohydrate, high-fiber (HCHF) diet on glucose control was evaluated in 12 children with type I diabetes mellitus. The children had had diabetes for an average of 5.25 yr; their mean glycosylated hemoglobin was 12.4% (normal 5-9%), and C-peptide was virtually undetectable in all but one. They were followed on a regular diabetic diet for 10 days at home and in the hospital and then were studied on a HCHF diet for 14 days. The HCHF diet contained 60% carbohydrate and 30 g of fiber per 1000 cal provided through grains, fruits, vegetables, and high-fiber crackers. Capillary blood glucose levels were monitored at home before meals and at bedtime, and venous plasma glucose levels were measured in the hospital before and after each meal and during the night. Plasma glucose was measured serially after test meals with each diet. There was no significant difference in blood glucose levels preprandially, postprandially, and while fasting on the two diets. The 24-h glucose profiles and posttest meal profiles obtained during both diets were remarkably similar. We conclude that a diet high in fiber and carbohydrate has limited application in children with type I diabetes mellitus who have no residual beta-cell function.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84158086

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Blood Glucose|AN; Child; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 7 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Rationale for changes in the dietary management of diabetes. Fat, carbohydrate, and fiber.
Author
El Beheri Burgess BR
Address
 
Source
J Am Diet Assoc, 1982 Sep, 81:3, 258-61
Abstract
Roughly three-quarters of Americans with diabetes die from atherosclerosis. Although the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is not completely understood, diabetes is frequently associated with hyperlipidemia, often considered a major determinant of atherosclerosis, and with hyperglycemia, which may function as an independent risk factor. The new higher carbohydrate diets for management of diabetes facilitate reduction in the proportion of fat kilocalories. When total kilocalories are controlled, improvement in glucose tolerance also occurs in individuals with diabetes who have available endogenous or exogenous insulin. It has recently been demonstrated in subjects with diabetes that a mixture of carbohydrate and fiber and a high, rather than low, level of carbohydrate facilitate glycemic control. Inclusion of fiber-rich foods in meal plans for patients with diabetes augments established modes of therapy, which focus on weight control for Type II diabetes while synchronizing food intake and insulin for Type I diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
82266712

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|CO/*DH; Diabetic Diet|*TD
MeSH Heading
Atherosclerosis|ET/PC; Cardiovascular Diseases|ET; Dietary Carbohydrates|ME; Dietary Fats|ME; Dietary Fiber|ME; Female; Human; Male

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-8223
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 8 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The effects of energy and carbohydrate restriction in patients with chronic diabetes mellitus.
Author
Perkins JR; West TE; Sönksen PH; Lowy C; Iles C
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1977 Dec, 13:6, 607-14
Abstract
Thirty-five freshly presenting, diabetic patients received 5 hour, 100 g oral glucose tolerance tests when first seen and after a period of carbohydrate and energy restriction. After treatment, the significant improvement in glucose tolerance was accompanied by increased insulin secretion and lower concentrations of blood ketone bodies, lactate, glycerol, FFA, triglycerides, cholesterol and pre-beta lipoprotein. There were no significant changes in serum growth hormone or blood pyruvate concentrations. Improvement in glucose tolerance was greater in patients who were obese (greater than 115% of desirable body weight for height) on presentation and was related to the improvement in insulin secretion and the diminished lipolysis. An hypothesis to explain the changes in insulin secretion is prosposed. Eleven out of the 35 patients showed sufficient improvement in glucose tolerance to require no treatment other than diet.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
78065134

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|BL/*DH; Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*; Energy Intake|*
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|AN; Body Weight; Chronic Disease; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL; Ketone Bodies|BL; Lipids|BL; Male; Middle Age; Somatotropin|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST

Record 9 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Unrefined carbohydrate and dietary fibre in treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Author
Manhire A; Henry CL; Hartog M; Heaton KW
Address
 
Source
J Hum Nutr, 1981 Apr, 35:2, 99-101
Abstract
Sixteen diabetics were studied over six-week periods on two diets--a conventional carbohydrate-restricted diet and a diet which excluded all refined (fibre-depleted) carbohydrate but which allowed unrefined (fibre-intact) carbohydrate freely. On the latter, there was a substantial increase in dietary fibre intake. Despite this, there was no change in 24-h urinary excretion of glucose nor in blood glycosylated haemoglobin concentration, and there was only a modest improvement in post-prandial plasma glucose concentration. We suggest that simply switching from refined to unrefined cereal foods without increasing total carbohydrate intake is unlikely to produce much improvement in diabetic control.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
81193042

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cellulose|*TU; Diabetes Mellitus|*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*TU; Dietary Fiber|*TU
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|AN; Female; Glycosuria|DH; Hemoglobins|AN; Human; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0308-4329
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 10 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Influence of somatostatin on carbohydrate disposal and absorption in diabetes mellitus.
Author
Wahren J
Address
 
Source
Lancet, 1976 Dec, 2:7997, 1213-6
Abstract
Infusion of somatostatin, an inhibitor of glucagon secretion, in insulin-dependent diabetics resulted in a 75-100% reduction in the blood-glucose rise after oral glucose administration, but did not improve intravenous glucose tolerance. Somatostatin reduced blood-xylose levels by 50-90% after ingestion of this pentose and delayed the peak increment in blood-xylose by 1-2 h. Similar effects on blood-xylose levels and a 30% reduction in splanchnic blood-flow were observed in normal subjects during infusion of somatostatin. Glucagon administration (3 ng per kg per min) or intraduodenal administration of xylose did not reverse somatostatin's effect on xylose tolerance. Somatostatin reduces postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetes primarily by decreasing and/or delaying carbohydrate absorption rather than enhancing carbohydrate disposal. This effect may be mediated, in part, but a reduction in splanchnic blood-flow. These findings indicate that postprandial hyperglycaemia in diabetes is due primarily to insulin deficiency rather than glucagon excess.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
77055186

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus|*BL/DT; Hyperglycemia|DT/*ET; Intestinal Absorption|*DE; Somatostatin|*PD/TU
MeSH Heading
Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Drug Evaluation; Glucagon|AI/BL; Glucose|AD; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Injections, Intravenous; Insulin|DF; Middle Age; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Xylose|AD/BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0140-6736
Country of Publication
ENGLAND


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Record 11 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Magnesium and potassium in diabetes and carbohydrate metabolism. Review of the present status and recent results.
Author
Durlach J; Collery P
Address
 
Source
Magnesium, 1984, 3:4-6, 315-23
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common pathological state in which secondary magnesium deficiency occurs. Magnesium metabolism abnormalities vary according to the multiple clinical forms of diabetes: plasma magnesium is more often decreased than red blood cell magnesium. Plasma Mg levels are correlated mainly with the severity of the diabetic state, glucose disposal and endogenous insulin secretion. Various mechanisms are involved in the induction of Mg depletion in diabetes mellitus, i.e. insulin and epinephrine secretion, modifications of the vitamin D metabolism, decrease of blood P, vitamin B6 and taurine levels, increase of vitamin B5, C and glutathione turnover, treatment with high levels of insulin and biguanides. K depletion in diabetes mellitus is well known. Some of its mechanisms are concomitant to those of Mg depletion. But their hierarchic importance is not the same: i.e., insulin hyposecretion is more important versus K+ than versus Mg2+. Insulin increases the cellular inflow of K+ more than that of Mg2+ because there is more free K+ (87%) than Mg2+ (30%) in the cell. The consequences of the double Mg-K depletion are either antagonistic: i.e. versus insulin secretion (increased by K+, decreased by Mg2+) or agonistic i.e. on the membrane: (i.e. Na+K+ATPase), tolerance of glucose oral load, renal disturbances. The real importance of these disorders in the diabetic condition is still poorly understood. Retinopathy and microangiopathy are correlated with the drop of plasma and red blood cell Mg. K deficiency increases the noxious cardiorenal effects of Mg deficiency. The treatment should primarily insure diabetic control.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
85266398

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus|CO/*ME; Magnesium|*ME; Potassium|*ME
MeSH Heading
Biological Transport, Active|DE; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|DT; Human; Insulin|TU; Magnesium Deficiency|ET; Potassium Deficiency|ET

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0252-1156
Country of Publication
SWITZERLAND


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Record 12 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of source of dietary carbohydrate on plasma glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to test meals in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Coulston AM; Hollenbeck CB; Liu GC; Williams RA; Starich GH; Mazzaferri EL; Reaven GM
Address
 
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1984 Nov, 40:5, 965-70
Abstract
Previous reports have documented the fact that plasma glucose and insulin responses can vary in response to the ingestion of different carbohydrate-rich foods. This has led to the creation of a "glycemic index," a classification of dietary carbohydrates on the basis of the relative rise in plasma glucose after the administration of the food in question as compared to a standard glucose challenge. In order to test the clinical utility of these observations, we evaluated plasma glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to four major sources of carbohydrate (potato, rice, spaghetti, lentil) as part of a conventional mixed meal in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Each test meal provided 40% of the subjects' calculated caloric requirement and contained 15% of total calories as protein, 40% as fat, and 45% as carbohydrate. The test carbohydrate represented 66% of total carbohydrate. The results indicated that plasma glucose concentrations after meals containing equal amounts of carbohydrate as rice, spaghetti, or lentil were similar and somewhat lower than meals containing potato. The plasma insulin responses to the four carbohydrate foods paralleled the glucose responses. Changes in gastric inhibitory polypeptide levels did not account for the effect of potato. These results are totally disparate from what would have been predicted by previously published values for the "glycemic index" of the four foods studied, and suggest that a "glycemic index" based on isolated challenges would have minimal clinical utility in efforts aimed at reducing postprandial hyperglycemia in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
85043647

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL; Dietary Carbohydrates|*PD; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide|*BL; Gastrointestinal Hormones|*BL; Insulin|*BL
MeSH Heading
Cereals; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Legumes; Male; Middle Age; Rice; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Vegetables

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 13 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Abnormal meal carbohydrate disposition in insulin-dependent diabetes. Relative contributions of endogenous glucose production and initial splanchnic uptake and effect of intensive insulin therapy.
Author
Pehling G; Tessari P; Gerich JE; Haymond MW; Service FJ; Rizza RA
Address
 
Source
J Clin Invest, 1984 Sep, 74:3, 985-91
Abstract
Postprandial hyperglycemia in insulin-deficient, insulin-dependent diabetic subjects may result from impaired suppression of endogenous glucose production and/or abnormal disposition of meal-derived glucose. To investigate the relative contributions of these processes and to determine whether 2 wk of near normoglycemia achieved by using intensive insulin therapy could restore the pattern of glucose disposal to normal, meal-related and endogenous rates of glucose appearance were measured isotopically after ingestion of a mixed meal that contained deuterated glucose in seven lean insulin-dependent and five lean nondiabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects were studied once when insulin deficient and again during intensive insulin therapy after 2 wk of near normoglycemia. Total glucose production was determined by using tritiated glucose and the contribution of meal-related glucose was determined by using the plasma enrichment of deuterated glucose. The elevated basal and peak postprandial plasma glucose concentrations (252 +/- 33 and 452 +/- 31 mg/dl) of diabetic subjects when insulin deficient were decreased by intensive insulin therapy to values (82 +/- 6 and 193 +/- 10 mg/dl, P less than 0.01) that approximated those of nondiabetic subjects (93 +/- 3 and 140 +/- 15 mg/dl, respectively). Total and endogenous rates of glucose appearance (3,091 +/- 523 and 1,814 +/- 474 mg/kg per 8 h) in the diabetic subjects were significantly (P less than 0.02) greater than those in non-diabetic subjects (1,718 +/- 34 and 620 +/- 98 mg/kg per 8 h, respectively), whereas meal-derived rates of glucose appearance did not differ. Intensive insulin therapy decreased (P less than 0.01) both total (1,581 +/- 98 mg/kg per 8 h) and endogenous (478 +/- 67 mg/kg per 8 h) glucose appearance to rates that approximated those observed in the nondiabetic subjects, but did not alter meal-related glucose appearance. Thus, excessive entry of glucose into the peripheral circulation in insulin-deficient diabetic patients after ingestion of a mixed meal resulted from a lack of appropriate suppression of endogenous glucose production rather than impairment of initial splanchnic glucose uptake. Intensive insulin therapy restored postprandial suppression of endogenous glucose production to rates observed in nondiabetic subjects.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84289964

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|DT/*ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*ME; Insulin|AD/BL/*TU; Splanchnic Circulation|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|ME; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Male; Middle Age; Reference Values; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0021-9738
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


Record 14 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of physical training and diet therapy on carbohydrate metabolism in patients with glucose intolerance and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Bogardus C; Ravussin E; Robbins DC; Wolfe RR; Horton ES; Sims EA
Address
 
Source
Diabetes, 1984 Apr, 33:4, 311-8
Abstract
The effects of 12 wk of physical training in addition to hypocaloric diet (DPT group, N = 10) on body composition, carbohydrate (CHO) tolerance, and insulin secretion and action were compared with the effects of diet therapy alone (D group, N = 8) in CHO-intolerant and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. Fat mass, fat-free mass (FFM), mean fasting plasma glucose, serum C-peptide, and insulin concentrations decreased similarly in both groups. The mean plasma glucose response to a mixed meal decreased approximately 20% in both treatment groups, and, after i.v. glucose, decreased 12% in the D group (P less than 0.05), but did not change in the DPT group (NS between groups). The acute serum insulin response (0-6 min) after IG increased significantly in the DPT group only (NS between groups). The mean basal endogenous glucose production (BEGP) decreased 17% (P less than 0.025) in the DPT group and by 31% (P less than 0.01) in the D group (NS between groups). Hepatic sensitivity to insulin, estimated by BEGP suppression during the euglycemic clamp, increased significantly by 25% in both groups. Total glucose disposal during the euglycemic clamp increased from 3.51 +/- 0.04 milligrams of glucose per kilogram of fat-free mass per minute (mg/kg-FFM/min) to 4.45 +/- 0.54 mg/kg-FFM/min (P less than 0.05) in the DPT group, but no change occurred in the D group (NS between groups).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84159234

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH/ME/PP/TH; Exertion|*; Glucose|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Body Composition; C-Peptide|BL; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Middle Age; Oxygen Consumption; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-1797
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 15 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The composition and nutritional adequacy of subject-selected high carbohydrate, low fat diets in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Hollenbeck CB; Leklem JE; Riddle MC; Connor WE
Address
 
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1983 Jul, 38:1, 41-51
Abstract
The composition and nutritional adequacy of subject-selected high carbohydrate, low fat diets were investigated in six women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Subjects were randomly assigned to begin either the experimental diet with 65% carbohydrate, 20% fat, and 15% protein for 6 wk, or a control diet with 45% carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 15% protein for 4 wk. All subjects completed both dietary periods in a cross-over experimental design. Subjects were allowed free selection in their choice of carbohydrate-rich foods. The resulting selections produced diets with 51% simple and 49% complex carbohydrates and 50 g of dietary fiber during the experimental diet. Similar proportions were also selected during the control diet. Blood chemistries revealed no significant changes in thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, ascorbate, vitamin E, calcium, selenium, or zinc concentrations between the two dietary periods. With the exception of vitamin B6, all vitamin and mineral values were within normal respective ranges. Vitamin B6 status, as assessed by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, were below or just above the levels of marginal deficiency (2.2 nmol/100 ml) in four of the six individuals, but the lower level observed occurred independent of the dietary treatments. The present study demonstrates that subject-selected high carbohydrate, low fat diets were much lower in complex carbohydrates and fiber than diets previously tested. In addition, the concentration of several nutrients did not appear to be adversely affected by these diets.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
83227964

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Consumer Satisfaction; Diabetes Mellitus|BL/DT; Female; Human; Insulin|TU; Nutritive Value; Pyridoxine|BL; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 16 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The effect of aging on carbohydrate metabolism: a review of the English literature and a practical approach to the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in the elderly.
Author
Davidson MB
Address
 
Source
Metabolism, 1979 Jun, 28:6, 688-705
Abstract
There seems little doubt that the disposal of a glucose load is progressively impaired during aging. The mechanism(s) for this alteration remains unclear. Five possibilities have been raised: (1) poor diet, (2) physical inactivity, (3) decreased lean body mass in which to store the carbohydrate load, (4) decreased insulin secretion, and (5) insulin antagonism. Although poor diet and physical inactivity may contribute to some of the abnormal glucose tolerance tests of the older population, these two factors do not provide a full explanation. Diminished lean body mass may play some role but there is almost certainly an additional effect due to aging. A few papers have suggested that glucose-induced insulin secretion may be impaired as the population ages, but the bulk of studies in this area conclude that normal or increased amounts of insulin are released by the pancreatic beta-cell during aging. If abnormalities of insulin secretion exist, either in degree or timing, they are subtle and would not seem sufficient to account for the great number of older subjects who manifest impaired glucose tolerance. The evidence for insulin antagonism seems the strongest but the data are certainly not conclusive. In actuality, the aging effect on carbohydrate metabolism may be heterogeneous in nature. Either some or all of these five factors may contribute to the aging effect to varying degrees in individual subjects. Alternatively, the glucose intolerance of aging may represent a heterogeneous group of disorders. In any event, until better methods to identify possible subgroups of these subjects and/or a marker for diabetes mellitus independent of glucose concentration become available, this problem will remain difficult to resolve. Based on the currently available data, it seems prudent to diagnose diabetes mellitus only if fasting hyperglycemia is present.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
79198957

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Aged|*; Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus|*DI
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose; Fasting; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified|ME; Female; Fructose|ME; Galactose|ME; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|ME/SE; Islets of Langerhans|SE; Male; Tolbutamide|DU

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
ISSN
0026-0495
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 17 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Treatment of borderline diabetes: controlled trial using carbohydrate restriction and phenformin.
Author
Jarrett RJ; Keen H; Fuller JH; McCartney M
Address
 
Source
Br Med J, 1977 Oct, 2:6091, 861-5
Abstract
A five-year therapeutic trial of carbohydrate restriction with or without phenformin (50 mg/day) was performed in men with borderline diabetes. The aim of treatment was to diminish the enhanced risk of cardiovascular disease and deterioration of glucose tolerance. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were not significantly affected by any form of treatment, alone or in combination. The predominant risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and for overall mortality was the initial blood pressure level. The baseline plasma cholesterol concentration significantly predicted the onset of intermittent claudication. One implication of the results is that hypotensive treatment, supplemented when necessary with hypolipidaemic treatment, may be more effective in preventing the progression of arterial disease in people with mild to moderate glucose intolerance than conventional antidiabetic therapy.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
78041027

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|CO/*TH; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Phenformin|AD/PD/*TU
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure|DE; Body Weight|DE; Cardiovascular Diseases|ET; Clinical Trials; Human; Male; Pulse|DE; Risk

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0007-1447
Country of Publication
ENGLAND


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Record 18 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Somatostatin. Its possible role in carbohydrate homeostasis and the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Author
Gerich JE
Address
 
Source
Arch Intern Med, 1977 May, 137:5, 659-66
Abstract
Somatostatin, a peptide inhibitor of growth hormone release originally isolated from the hypothalamus, is also present in D cells of pancreatic islets. Its ability to inhibit the secretion of insulin and glucagon suggests that it may be a local regulator of pancreatic A- and B-cell function. Studies using synthetic somatostatin have provided evidence that glucagon is a physiologically important hormone that exacerbates the consequences of insulin deficiency in human diabetes mellitus. The ability of somatostatin to diminish both fasting and post-prandial hyperglycemia and to forestall the development of ketoacidosis after withdrawal of insulin in insulin-dependent diabetics suggests a potential therapeutic use of this agent in diabetes. Presently, however, its short half-life and diverse actions preclude such use and have prompted the search for more specific and longer-acting analogs.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
77180620

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*DT; Somatostatin|PH/*TU
MeSH Heading
Acidosis|PC; Fasting; Glucagon|PH; Half-Life; Human; Hyperglycemia|DT; Insulin|DF; Islets of Langerhans|PH

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0003-9926
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


Record 19 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The effect of lynestrenol and norethindrone on the carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in subjects with gestational diabetes.
Author
Pyörälä T; Vähäpassi J; Huhtala M
Address
 
Source
Ann Chir Gynaecol, 1979, 68:2, 69-74
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different low-dose progestogens--norethindrone 0.3 mg per day and lynestrenol 0.5 mg per day--on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in women who have had gestational diabetes. Fifteen patients were treated with norethindrone and 17 with lynestrenol, over a period of one year. The control group consisted of 13 women using an IUD. In both treatment groups all the women had normal OGTT curves during the use of norethindrone or lynestrenol. A very slight deterioration in the glucose tolerance was observed in the norethindrone group. There was no deterioration in the glucose tolerance in the lynestrenol and the IUD groups. We could not find any significant changes in mean fasting plasma cholesterol and triglyceride values.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
80063626

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Lipids|BL/*ME; Lynestrenol|AD/*AE; Norethindrone|AD/*AE; Pregnancy in Diabetes|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Cholesterol|BL; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL; Intrauterine Devices; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0355-9521
Country of Publication
FINLAND


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Record 20 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
High-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets for insulin-treated men with diabetes mellitus.
Author
Anderson JW; Ward K
Address
 
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1979 Nov, 32:11, 2312-21
Abstract
The effects of high-carbohydrate, high plant fiber (HCF) diets on glucose and lipid metabolism of 20 lean men receiving insulin therapy for diabetes mellitus were evaluated on a metabolic ward. All men received control diets for an average of 7 days followed by HCF diets for an average of 16 days. Diets were designed to be weight-maintaining and there were no significant alterations in body weight. The daily dose of insulin was lower for each patient on the HCF diet than on the control diet. The average insulin dose was reduced from 26 +/- 3 units/day (mean +/- SEM) on the control diets to 11 +/- 3 (P less than 0.001) on the HCF diets. On the HCF diets, insulin therapy could be discontinued in nine patients receiving 15 to 20 units/day and in two patients receiving 32 units/day. Fasting and 3-hr postprandial plasma glucose values were lower in most patients on the HCF diets than on the control diets despite lower insulin doses. Serum cholesterol values dropped from 206 +/- 10 mg/dl on the control diets to 147 +/- 5 (P less than 0.001) on the HCF diet; average fasting serum triglyceride values were not significantly altered on the HCF diets. These studies suggest that HCF diets may be the dietary therapy of choice for certain patients with the maturity-onset type of diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
80039657

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Cellulose|*AD; Diabetes Mellitus|*ME/TH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD/TU; Dietary Fiber|*AD/TU; Lipids|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Cholesterol|BL; Dietary Fats; Human; Insulin|TU; Male; Middle Age; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 21 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
High carbohydrate, high fiber diets for patients with diabetes.
Author
Anderson JW
Address
 
Source
Adv Exp Med Biol, 1979, 119:, 263-73
Abstract
Thirty-three insulin-treated men with diabetes were hospitalized on a metabolic ward and fed control diets (43% carbohydrate) for 6 to 11 days followed by high carbohydrate (70%), high fiber (HCF) diets for 12-35 days. Fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride values were significantly lower on HCF diets than on control diets despite significantly (p less than 0.01) lower insulin doses on the HCF diets. HCF diets were accompanied by increased insulin sensitivity and by binding of insulin by monocytes. Patients who responded well to the diet in the hospital have maintained comparable glucose, cholesterol and triglyceride values as well as lower insulin doses for an average of 20 months on maintenance diets (60% carbohydrate). The high carbohydrate and low fat content of these HCF diets seem to play the predominant role in the improved glucose metabolism of these patients whereas the high plant fiber content may be responsible for the reduction in serum cholesterol and triglyceride values. These studies suggest that HCF diets may have an important place in the management of patients with the maturity-onset type of diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
80039126

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cellulose|*; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*; Dietary Fiber|*
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|AN; Diabetes Mellitus|DT; Fasting; Glycosuria; Human; Insulin|TU

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0065-2598
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 22 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Improved glucose control in maturity-onset diabetes treated with high-carbohydrate-modified fat diet.
Author
Simpson RW; Mann JI; Eaton J; Moore RA; Carter R; Hockaday TD
Address
 
Source
Br Med J, 1979 Jun, 1:6180, 1753-6
Abstract
Fourteen patients with established maturity-onset diabetes were treated as outpatients with a high-carbohydrate-(about 60% of total daily energy requirements)-modified fat diet (ratio of polyunsaturated fatty acids to other fatty acids greater than or equal to 1:1) for six weeks. Commercially available and acceptable cereal foods and tuberous vegetables high in both digestible and non-digestible carbohydrates were used. Simple sugars were restricted. Compared with their usual, low-carbohydrate diabetic diet this diet resulted in a fall in basal plasma glucose concentration (average of values measured at 0300, 0500, and 0700), mean preprandial plasma glucose concentration (average of values measured at 0800, 1230, and 1730), and percentage of glycosylated haemoglobin. Modifying dietary fat also decreased the fasting plasma cholesterol concentration. The findings suggest that it is no longer justifiable to prescribe a low-carbohydrate diet for maturity-onset diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
79233820

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD/TU; Dietary Fats|*AD/TU
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|AN; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Diabetes Mellitus|BL; Female; Hemoglobin A|AN; Human; Male; Middle Age; Random Allocation

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0007-1447
Country of Publication
ENGLAND


Record 23 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Relationship between body fat mass, carbohydrate tolerance and IRI response during glucose infusion in subjects with early diabetes.
Author
Ratzmann KP; Knospe S; Heinke P; Schulz B
Address
 
Source
Acta Diabetol Lat, 1979 Jan, 16:1, 67-75
Abstract
We have studied the interrelationship of total body fat mass, carbohydrate tolerance and IRI response in 17 non-obese and obese subjects, who were suspected of having early diabetes. We carried out an i.v. glucose infusion test consisting of a priming injection of 0.33 g/kg followed by constant glucose infusion of 12 mg/kg/min in all persons. Total body fat mass was estimated by the tritium dilution method. There was a positive correlation of body fat mass, fasting glucose concentration and blood glucose concentration at 150 min as well as a strong correlation between body fat mass and BG area 60--120 min as parameters of carbohydrate tolerance in all subjects, i.e. the degree of carbohyrate intolerance was directly related to the quantity of total body fat mass. A similar correlation was found when the non-obese and obese groups were analyzed separately. In neither group did total body fat mass correlate with parameters of IRI response. In obese subjects with pathological carbohydrate tolerance, however, a positive correlation of basal IRI concentration and total body fat mass was found. Furthermore, a close relation between basal IRI level and parameters of carbohydrate tolerance could be demonstrated in obese subjects. The present study failed to demonstrate any correlation of parameters of carbohydrate tolerance and glucose-induced IRI response in either group. Thus, the significant relationship between body fat mass and degree of carbohydrate intolerance indicates that body fat mass plays an important role in the disturbance of blood glucose homeostasis in early diabetes with and without obesity.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
79205781

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrate Metabolism, Inborn Errors|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus|*ME; Obesity|*ME; Obesity in Diabetes|*ME; Pancreas|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adipose Tissue|ME; Antigens|SE; Blood Glucose|SE; Body Weight; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|SE

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0001-5563
Country of Publication
ITALY


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Record 24 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
HLA antigens, cytoplasmic islet cell antibodies, and carbohydrate tolerance in families of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Ginsberg Fellner F; Dobersen MJ; Witt ME; Rayfield EJ; Rubinstein P; Notkins AL
Address
 
Source
Diabetes, 1982 Apr, 31:4 Pt 1, 292-8
Abstract
Cytoplasmic pancreatic islet cell antibodies were found in 21% of 244 unaffected first degree relatives of type I diabetic patients. Twenty-five percent of HLA-identical, 35% of HLA-haploidentical, 16% of HLA-nonidentical siblings, and 14% of parents were ICA-positive. In the HLA-identical sibs, irrespective of ICA, and in the 18 ICA-positive parents but not the other groups, increased plasma glucose levels were observed after the administration of glucose. In most children, these were associated with reduced insulin levels, while in the adults elevated insulin responses were noted. In 48% of the ICA-positive children and 84% of the ICA-positive parents, other evidence of "autoimmunity" was obtained either by history or by testing for specific autoantibodies. Two of the originally unaffected HLA-identical and ICA-positive siblings developed diabetes during the course of the study. These findings, plus previously reported data in families with two diabetic sibs demonstrating that the empiric risk for developing IDDM is of the order of 30% for HLA-identical sibs but less than 5% for those that are HLA-haploidentical, suggest that HLA-identity may be a useful predictor of potential type I diabetes. The presence of ICA may, at times, portend the need for future antidiabetic therapy but prospective studies must be continued to fully elucidate this relationship.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
83106108

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Antibodies|GE/*IM; Diabetes Mellitus|GE/*IM; HLA Antigens|GE/*IM; Islets of Langerhans|*IM
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Autoimmune Diseases|GE/IM; Blood Glucose|AN; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Infant; Insulin|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-1797
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


GTO

Record 25 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Insulin production rate, hepatic insulin retention and splanchnic carbohydrate metabolism after oral glucose ingestion in hyperinsulinaemic Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Author
Waldhäusl W; Bratusch Marrain P; Gasic S; Korn A; Nowotny P
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1982 Jul, 23:1, 6-15
Abstract
To differentiate peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in hyperinsulinaemic overweight Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients (n = 17; 143 +/- 4% ideal body weight; mean +/- SEM) arterial concentrations and splanchnic exchange of glucose, pyruvate, lactate, non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, as well as the insulin production rate, were determined before and during oral glucose loads of 25 g or 100 g. Insulin production rate, hepatic insulin retention and splanchnic exchange of glucose and metabolites were estimated by means of the hepatic venous catheter technique. In the basal state insulin production rate was greater in overweight Type 2 diabetic patients (2.57 +/- 0.28 pmol.kg-1. min-1) than in healthy control subjects (1.68 +/- 0.17 pmol.kg-1.min-1; p less than 0.01). After ingestion of 25 g glucose, the cumulative insulin production rate exceeded normal values (p less than 0.05), but was below normal with 100 g glucose (p less than 0.01). Relative insulin trapping by the splanchnic bed in the diabetic patients was 54 +/- 3%, not different from normal. Following a 100 g glucose load, splanchnic insulin retention fell by 20% in the patients, and less consistently so in healthy controls. Splanchnic glucose output was normal in the diabetic patients both in the basal state and after glucose ingestion although the induced arterial blood glucose levels were greater in the diabetic patients than in control subjects (p less than 0.005). Splanchnic output of pyruvate (p less than 0.025), lactate (p less than 0.01), and beta-hydroxybutyrate (p less than 0.005) were greater in the basal state in the diabetic patients than in healthy subjects. However, no difference in splanchnic exchange was seen between the two groups in their metabolites' respective response to glucose ingestion. These data suggest that obese hyperinsulinaemic Type 2 diabetic patients may represent a subgroup of diabetic patients with predominantly peripheral, but compensated hepatic, insulin resistance being associated with an increased basal insulin production rate which only exhausts after ingestion of a large glucose load.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
83004701

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*ME; Glucose|*ME; Insulin|BI/*ME; Liver|*ME; Splanchnic Circulation|*
MeSH Heading
Aged; Blood Glucose|AN; C-Peptide|ME; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Hyperinsulinism|ME; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Age; Obesity in Diabetes|ME; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST


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Record 26 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Insulin resistance and carbohydrate oxidation in patients with chemical diabetes.
Author
Chevaux F; Curchod B; Felber JP; Jéquier E
Address
 
Source
Diabete Metab, 1982 Jun, 8:2, 105-8
Abstract
In six patients with chemical diabetes, insulin resistance was assessed by the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) level during a constant infusion of epinephrine, propranolol, glucose and insulin. During the infusion, the patients had elevated SSPG levels (174 +/- 20 mg/100 ml), compared with six control subjects (96 +/- 3 mg/100 ml, p less than 0.005), demonstrating increased insulin resistance. However, during the infusion, the rate of carbohydrate oxidation was similar in both groups. These results suggest that when insulinemia is controlled, the plasma glucose concentration in chemical diabetics during glucose infusion reaches hyperglycemic levels allowing normalisation of carbohydrate oxidation. Hyperglycemia can thus be considered to be a regulatory mechanism favouring glucose uptake and oxidation in patients with chemical diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
82262309

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*BL; Dietary Carbohydrates|*ME; Insulin Resistance|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Epinephrine|PD; Female; Glucose|PD; Human; Insulin|PD; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Propranolol|PD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0338-1684
Country of Publication
FRANCE


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Record 27 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of physical form of carbohydrate on the postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses in type 2 diabetes.
Author
Collier G; ODea K
Address
 
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1982 Jul, 36:1, 10-4
Abstract
In the present study we measured the postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses to 75 g carbohydrate administered either as glucose, unpolished (brown) rice, or ground brown rice to six recently diagnosed type 2 diabetics and six healthy subjects. The diabetic and normal subjects responded in a qualitatively similar manner to the three meals although there were major quantitative differences. Brown rice elicited significantly lower postprandial glucose, insulin, and gastric inhibitory polypeptide responses than either ground brown rice or glucose in both groups. There were no significant differences in the metabolic responses to ground brown rice (complex carbohydrate) and glucose (simple carbohydrate) in either diabetic or normal subjects. These data highlight the role of the physical form of complex carbohydrate in determining metabolic responses to it in both diabetic and normal subjects, and provide a rationale for designing diabetic diets containing complex carbohydrate in a form which is slowly digested and absorbed.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
82227486

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus|*BL; Dietary Carbohydrates|*ME; Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide|*BL; Gastrointestinal Hormones|*BL; Insulin|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Female; Food Handling; Glucose|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Particle Size; Rice; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


Record 28 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Long-term effects of high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets on glucose and lipid metabolism: a preliminary report on patients with diabetes.
Author
Anderson JW; Ward K
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1978 Mar, 1:2, 77-82
Abstract
High-carbohydrate, high-fiber (HCF) diets have beneficial therapeutic effects for selected patients with diabetes mellitus. We have treated 10 patients with HCF diets on a metabolic ward and followed them for an average of 15 months while they were on maintenance diets at home. The HCF diets containing 70 per cent of calories as carbohydrate were accompanied by significant reductions in requirements for insulin or sulfonylureas. Fasting plasma glucose, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride values were significantly lower on the HCF diet than on a 43 per cent carbohydrate diet. On the HCF diet, insulin therapy was discontinued for five patients and sulfonylurea therapy for three. After an average of 15 months on the maintenance diet containing 55 per cent to 60 per cent carbohydrate, seven patients were still managed without insulin or sulfonylureas. Average fasting plasma glucose values during maintenance diets at home were identical to values on the HCF diets in the hospital. On the maintenance diet, serum cholesterol values were similar to initial values but serum triglyceride values were significantly lower than values on the 43 per cent carbohydrate diet. These studies indicate that moderately high-carbohydrate, high-fiber diets can be successfully followed at home and that improvements in glucose metabolism achieved in the hospital can be sustained outside the hospital.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
79085353

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cellulose|*TU; Diabetes Mellitus|*DH/DT/ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*TU; Dietary Fiber|*TU; Glucose|*ME; Lipids|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose; Follow-Up Studies; Human; Insulin|TU; Male; Middle Age; Sulfonylurea Compounds|TU; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Time Factors; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 29 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Hyperparathyroidism and coexisting diabetes mellitus. Altered carbohydrate metabolism.
Author
Akgun S; Ertel NH
Address
 
Source
Arch Intern Med, 1978 Oct, 138:10, 1500-2
Abstract
Hyperparathyroidism was diagnosed in a 67-year-old diabetic man treated for 20 years with isophane insulin suspension, 40 to 45 units/day. It was also diagnosed in a 64-year-old diabetic with severe retinopathy and vascular disease, who was not dependent on insulin. In the first case, removal of a parathyroid adenoma resulted in frequent hypoglycemic attacks, which led to a reduction of the administration of insulin isophane suspension to 20 units/day. In the second case, there was a notable improvement in the glucose tolerance testing that followed surgery, accompanied by a decrease in total plasma insulin response from 17,838 to 5,605 units, by planimetry. These observations suggest that hyperparathyroidism worsens coexisting diabetes mellitus and that one must be aware of increased insulin sensitivity and the possibility of severe hypoglycemia in cases that require insulin after surgical correction of the hypercalcemic state.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
79040966

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus|*CO/ME; Hyperparathyroidism|*CO/ME
MeSH Heading
Aged; Case Report; Human; Hypercalcemia|CO; Insulin|AD; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0003-9926
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 30 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of carbohydrate restriction and high carbohydrates diets on men with chemical diabetes.
Author
Anderson JW
Address
 
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1977 Mar, 30:3, 402-8
Abstract
The influence of low carbohydrate (CHO) diets, starvation, and high CHO diets on glucose tolerance tests (GTT) and plasma insulin response of men with chemical diabetes was studied. The GTT and insulin responses of these seven lean diabetic men were unchanged when the carbohydrate content of the diet was reduced from 44 to 20% of calories. After a 48-hr fast a significant deterioration of the GTT was observed in these diabetic men but the percentage change was identical to that reported previously for normal men. Thus these studies indicate that changes in glucose mtes are quite similar to those reported previously for normal men. The fasting plasma glucose values of seven lean and four obese men with chemical diabetes were significantly lower after one week on a 75% CHO diet than values on a 44% CHO diet. The 75% CHO diet also was accompanied by slight improvements in the oral and intravenous GTT and by slightly lower plasma insulin responses. The improvement in glucose metabolism on high CHO diets appears to results from increased insulin sensitivity. Serum triglyceride values were approximately 55% higher on the 75% CHO diet than values on the 44% CHO diet for the 11 men but these differences were not statistically significant. These studies support previous observations and suggest that high CHO diets may be beneficial in the management of certain diabetic patients. However, further studies are required to determine the long-term effects of high CHO diets containing natural foods on the glucose and lipid metabolism of diabetic patients.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
77131701

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Dietary Carbohydrates|*; Glucose|*ME; Obesity in Diabetes|*ME; Prediabetic State|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Middle Age; Starvation; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 31 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Is glucose a reliable index of carbohydrate metabolism? Report on the joint workshop conference "Glucose" of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry and the German Diabetes Society held on May 15-16, 1981 in Stuttgart, Germany.
Author
Guder W; Kruse Jarres JD
Address
 
Source
J Clin Chem Clin Biochem, 1982 Mar, 20:3, 135-40
Abstract
The determination of glucose concentration is the most frequently used clinical laboratory test. It was the current vehemence in discussions about the judgement criteria for the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes that motivated this discussion of pathobiochemical and analytical aspects in a circle of 38 experts. The composition of the working group made it possible to compare the needs of clinical diabetologists and diabetics with the analytical possibilities. Pathobiochemistry, sampling problems, diabetic self control, analytical methods and their standardisation, glucose monitoring, glucose sensors and glycosylated proteins were the topics of this glucose workshop.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
82191443

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*AN; Carbohydrates|*ME
MeSH Heading
Diabetes Mellitus|BL; Fasting; Food; Gluconeogenesis; Glucose|ME; Glucose Oxidase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Hexokinase; Human; Lipoproteins|BL; Methods; Self Care|MT; Specimen Handling|MT; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0340-076X
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST


Record 32 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Carbohydrate homeostasis in chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis: increased incidence of diabetes mellitus.
Author
Winter RJ; Green OC
Address
 
Source
J Pediatr, 1976 Sep, 89:3, 401-5
Abstract
Twenty-one patients were seen with the diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis in the Endocrine Clinic during 1965-1972. Three patients developed clinical diabetes mellitus at intervals from one month to three years after the diagnosis of thyroiditis was confirmed. An additional patient, a member of the study group reported here, had asymptomatic glucose intolerance initially and developed insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus six months after the diagnosis of thyroiditis was established. Standard glucose tolerance tests were performed on 12 additional patients. One of these patients had unequivocal evidence of chemical diabetes; one other had a borderline abnormal oral glucose tolerance test. The remaining ten patients had normal glucose and insulin values during the OGTT. These studies indicate that children with chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus when compared with the normal childhood population.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
76263953

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|BL/*EP; Thyroiditis, Autoimmune|BL/*CO
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|AN; Child; Chronic Disease; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Illinois; Risk

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0022-3476
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 33 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of carbohydrate restriction on lipoprotein abnormalities in maturity-onset diabetes mellitus.
Author
Thomson JE; Scobie IN; Ballantyne F; Smith A; Manderson WG; MacCuish AC
Address
 
Source
Acta Diabetol Lat, 1980 Jan, 17:1, 33-9
Abstract
Hyperlipoproteinemia occurs commonly in diabetics and may contribute to early atherosclerosis in these patients. The effect of dietary carbohydrate restriction on lipid abnormalities has been examined in 42 newly diagnosed maturity-onset diabetics, in whom plasma lipoproteins were measured before treatment was started and at regular intervals during ten months of dietary therapy. Twenty-four patients (57%) had abnormal lipids when diabetes was first diagnosed. Nine were classed as Type II and 15 as Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia. Plasma lipids reverted to normal in half these patients after dietary treatment for one month. Only 8 diabetics (19%) showed persistent lipid abnormality after ten months' treatment: all had been unable to diet satisfactorily as judged by persisting obesity and hyperglycemia. The common lipoprotein abnormalities of maturity-onset diabetes can usually be returned to normal by the simplest possible carbohydrate-restricted diet, if patients adhere to this. Specialized and complex diets or lipid-lowering drugs are unncessary in the majority of patients.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
81018237

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*BL/CO; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*PD; Hyperlipoproteinemia|*BL/CO; Lipoproteins|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Cholesterol|BL; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL|BL; Lipoproteins, VLDL|BL; Middle Age; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0001-5563
Country of Publication
ITALY


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Record 34 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The effects of diet differing in fat, carbohydrate, and fiber on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type II diabetes.
Author
ODea K; Traianedes K; Ireland P; Niall M; Sadler J; Hopper J; De Luise M
Address
Department of Medicine (University of Melbourne) Repatriation General Hospital, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
Source
J Am Diet Assoc, 1989 Aug, 89:8, 1076-86
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effects of varying the proportions of carbohydrate, fiber, and fat on metabolic control in Type II diabetes. Ten men, aged 50 to 69 years, with Type II diabetes participated. Four isocaloric diets were consumed for 2 weeks each, with a break of 6 to 14 weeks between diets to ensure no carryover effects. Two of the diets were high in carbohydrate (63% to 65% energy) and low in fat (10% to 12% energy) but differed in their fiber contents (20 vs. 45 gm/day). The other two diets were low in carbohydrate (23% to 27% energy) with either a low or a high fat content (15% vs. 55% energy) and a high or normal protein content (62% vs. 18% energy). The composition of the subjects' usual diets in the week before each of the experimental diets did not vary significantly: carbohydrate 47% to 50% energy, protein 22% to 25% energy, fat 27% to 31% energy, and fiber 24 to 25 gm/day. A 75-gm oral glucose tolerance test and a 12-hour metabolic profile in response to 3 meals typical of the particular diet were conducted before and at the conclusion of each 2-week dietary period. The most significant improvements in metabolic control (as assessed by the effects of the diets on fasting glucose and on lipids, and on the glucose and insulin responses to oral glucose and the mixed meals) were obtained with the high-fiber, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet and with the low-carbohydrate, high-protein, low-fat diet. Metabolic control was not significantly affected by the low-fiber, high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet, but it deteriorated significantly on the low-carbohydrate, high-fat diet. The results of this study confirmed the importance of high fiber and low fat in improving metabolic control in Type II diabetes. In conclusion, if high-carbohydrate, low-fat diets are to be recommended to patients with diabetes, it is essential that the type of carbohydrate recommended be unrefined and high in fiber.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89341191

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH/ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD; Lipids|*BL
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Cholesterol|BL; Dietary Proteins|AD; Energy Intake; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL; Lipoproteins|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-8223
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 35 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Impact of increasing carbohydrate intolerance on maternal-fetal outcomes in 3637 women without gestational diabetes. The Toronto Tri-Hospital Gestational Diabetes Project.
Author
Sermer M; Naylor CD; Gare DJ; Kenshole AB; Ritchie JW; Farine D; Cohen HR; McArthur K; Holzapfel S; Biringer A; et al
Address
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Source
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 1995 Jul, 173:1, 146-56
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to assess maternal-fetal outcomes in patients with increasing carbohydrate intolerance not meeting the current criteria for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a prospective analytic cohort study in which nondiabetic women aged > or = 24 years, receiving prenatal care in three Toronto teaching hospitals, were eligible for enrollment. A glucose challenge test and an oral glucose tolerance test were administered at 26 and 28 weeks' gestation, respectively; risk factors for unfavorable maternal-fetal outcomes were recorded. Caregivers and patients were blinded to glucose values except when test results met the current criteria for gestational diabetes. RESULTS: Of 4274 patients screened, 3836 (90%) continued to the diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test. The study cohort was formed by the 3637 (95%) patients without gestational diabetes, carrying singleton fetuses. Increasing carbohydrate intolerance in women without overt gestational diabetes was associated with a significantly increased incidence of cesarean sections, preeclampsia, macrosomia, and need for phototherapy, as well as an increased length of maternal and neonatal hospital stay. Multivariate analysis showed that increasing carbohydrate intolerance is an independent predictor for various unfavorable outcomes. CONCLUSION: Increasing maternal carbohydrate intolerance in pregnant women without gestational diabetes is associated with a graded increase in adverse maternal-fetal outcomes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
95358187

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Glucose Intolerance|*PP; Pregnancy Complications|*PP; Pregnancy Outcome|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Cesarean Section; Cohort Studies; Female; Fetal Macrosomia|ET; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Infant, Newborn; Pre-Eclampsia|ET; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9378
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 36 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Acute metabolic response to high-carbohydrate, high-starch meals compared with moderate-carbohydrate, low-starch meals in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Author
Gannon MC; Nuttall FQ; Westphal SA; Fang S; Ercan Fang N
Address
Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and the Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55417, USA. ganno004@maroon.tc.umn.edu
Source
Diabetes Care, 1998 Oct, 21:10, 1619-26
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The monosaccharides resulting from the digestion of ingested carbohydrates are glucose, fructose, and galactose. Of these three monosaccharides, only ingested glucose resulted in a large increase in the plasma glucose concentration. Fructose (Metabolism 41:510-517, 1992) and galactose (Metabolism 42:1560-1567, 1993) had only a minor effect. Therefore, we were interested in determining whether we could design a mixed meal, using foods of known monosaccharide, disaccharide, and starch composition, the ingestion of which would result in only a small rise in plasma glucose concentration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The experimental meal was composed of very little readily digestible starch but rather large amounts of fruits and vegetables. It contained 43% carbohydrate, 22% protein, and 34% fat. The results were compared with a second type of meal that contained 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, and 30% fat, with an emphasis on complex carbohydrates (starch). It also was compared with a third meal that contained 40% carbohydrate, 20% protein, and 40% fat, typical of that consumed by the average American. The test meals were ingested in random order by people with type 2 diabetes who were not treated with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin. Each subject ingested each type of meal. The same identical meal was ingested at 0800, 1200, and 1700. RESULTS: The integrated 24-h plasma glucose area response was statistically significantly smaller (P < 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch, high-carbohydrate meals or the typical American meals. The 24-h integrated serum insulin area response also was statistically significantly less (P < 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch meals or the typical American meals. The serum triglyceride area response was similar after ingestion of all three test diets. CONCLUSIONS: A diet in which fruits, nonstarch vegetables, and dairy products are emphasized may be useful for people with type 2 diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98444704

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL/*DH/UR; Dietary Carbohydrates|*; Glucagon|*BL/SE; Insulin|*BL/SE; Starch|*
MeSH Heading
Aged; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Comparative Study; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified|BL; Fructose; Galactose; Glucose; Glycosuria; Human; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


Record 37 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
High-fat, low-carbohydrate diet and the etiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: the San Luis Valley Diabetes Study.
Author
Marshall JA; Hamman RF; Baxter J
Address
Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262.
Source
Am J Epidemiol, 1991 Sep, 134:6, 590-603
Abstract
Diet has long been believed to be an important risk factor for non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Animal studies generally support a relation between high-fat diets and development of insulin resistance. However, conclusive epidemiologic evidence is lacking. To further investigate the role of dietary fat and carbohydrate as potential risk factors for the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, current diet was assessed among a geographically based group of 1,317 subjects without a prior diagnosis of diabetes who were seen in the period from 1984 to 1988 in two countries in southern Colorado. In this study, 24-hour diet recalls were reported prior to an oral glucose tolerance test. Persons with previously undiagnosed diabetes (n = 70) and impaired glucose tolerance (n = 171) were each compared with confirmed normal controls (n = 1,076). The adjusted odds ratios relating a 40-g/day increase in fat intake to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance were 1.51 (95% confidence interval 0.85-2.67) and 1.62 (95% confidence interval 1.09-2.41), respectively. Restricting cases to diabetic persons with fasting glucose greater than 140 mg/dl and persons with impaired glucose tolerance confirmed on follow-up, the odds ratios increased to 3.03 (95% confidence interval 1.07-8.62) and 2.67 (95% confidence interval 1.33-5.36), respectively. The findings support the hypothesis that high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets are associated with the onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in humans.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
92058931

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*ET/ME; Diet|*AE; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AE; Dietary Fats|*AE/ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Comparative Study; Confidence Intervals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dietary Proteins|AE; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hispanic Americans; Human; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Age; Odds Ratio; Risk; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9262
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 38 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: effects of a low-fat, high-carbohydrate diet vs a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids.
Author
Bonanome A; Visonà A; Lusiani L; Beltramello G; Confortin L; Biffanti S; Sorgato F; Costa F; Pagnan A
Address
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Padova, Italy.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1991 Sep, 54:3, 586-90
Abstract
Nineteen patients affected by non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), in good glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose 7.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L, glycosylated hemoglobin 6.3 +/- 0.2%), underwent three isocaloric dietary phases. In phases 1 and 3 the diet was rich in complex carbohydrates (Carbo) whereas in phase 2 it was rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (Mono). Plasma glucose concentrations were 7.1 +/- 0.3 and 7.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L for the two Carbo phases and 7.5 +/- 0.4 mmol/L for the Mono phase (NS). Plasma total cholesterol values for the Carbo phases were 6.2 +/- 0.2 and 6.4 +/- 0.2 mmol/L, respectively, and 6.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/L on the Mono phase (NS). Similarly, no significant changes were noticed for plasma triglycerides and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. Thus, both diets were well-tolerated and did not alter glucose homeostasis or worsen plasma lipid concentrations. Consequently, these results suggest that a wider dietary choice can be made available to NIDDM patients without producing unwanted side effects.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
91344918

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|DH/*ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*PD; Dietary Fats|*AD/PD; Lipids|BL/*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated|AD/PD; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 39 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Delaying carbohydrate absorption in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: useful therapy?
Author
Füessl HS
Address
 
Source
Klin Wochenschr, 1987 May, 65:9, 395-9
Abstract
Epidemiological and psychological studies have revealed major difficulties in motivating diabetic patients to observe a long-term dietary regimen. Therefore, manipulation of intestinal digestion or absorption appears to be a feasible therapeutic approach in the management of diabetes. The addition of natural or chemically processed fiber has been shown to decrease both the postprandial and fasting blood glucose in type-2 diabetics by delaying carbohydrate absorption. Recently, selective enzyme inhibitors of glycoside hydrolases in the upper intestine have been found which create a moderate degree of malabsorption of carbohydrates. The postprandial blood sugar response can be reduced by 50%. However, both these forms of treatment may not be accepted by patients because of impalatability or gastrointestinal side effects. At present only short-term studies with each group of substances are available. Whether the reduction of hyperglycemia is sufficient for the prevention of complications must be clarified in long-term trials.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87255607

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*ME; Dietary Fiber|*AD; Intestinal Absorption|*/DE
MeSH Heading
Biguanides|AD; Blood Glucose|ME; Combined Modality Therapy; Glycoside Hydrolases|AI; Human; Hypoglycemic Agents|AD; Obesity in Diabetes|DH; Somatostatin|AD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Trisaccharides|AD

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0023-2173
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST


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Record 40 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Garg A; Bonanome A; Grundy SM; Zhang ZJ; Unger RH
Address
Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235-9052.
Source
N Engl J Med, 1988 Sep, 319:13, 829-34
Abstract
We compared a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-fat diet (specifically, a diet high in monounsaturated fatty acids) for effects on glycemic control and plasma lipoproteins in 10 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) receiving insulin therapy. The patients were randomly assigned to receive first one diet and then the other, each for 28 days, in a metabolic ward. In the high-carbohydrate diet, 25 percent of the energy was in the form of fat and 60 percent in the form of carbohydrates (47 percent of the total energy was in the form of complex carbohydrates); the high-monounsaturated-fat diet was 50 percent fat (33 percent of the total energy in the form of monounsaturated fatty acids) and 35 percent carbohydrates. The two diets had the same amounts of simple carbohydrates and fiber. As compared with the high-carbohydrate diet, the high-monounsaturated-fat diet resulted in lower mean plasma glucose levels and reduced insulin requirements, lower levels of plasma triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (lower by 25 and 35 percent, respectively; P less than 0.01), and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (higher by 13 percent; P less than 0.005). Levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol did not differ significantly in patients on the two diets. These preliminary results suggest that partial replacement of complex carbohydrates with monounsaturated fatty acids in the diets of patients with NIDDM does not increase the level of LDL cholesterol and may improve glycemic control and the levels of plasma triglycerides and HDL cholesterol.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88318869

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|AN; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Energy Intake; Human; Insulin|AD; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, VLDL|BL; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0028-4793
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 41 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Dietary carbohydrate, a Big Mac, and insulin requirements in type I diabetes.
Author
Vlachokosta FV; Piper CM; Gleason R; Kinzel L; Kahn CR
Address
E.P. Joslin Research Laboratory, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA 02215.
Source
Diabetes Care, 1988 Apr, 11:4, 330-6
Abstract
Using the artificial beta-cell (Biostator), we determined the insulin requirements in five nonobese type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic subjects who received isocaloric 40 and 60% mixed-carbohydrate diets in a crossover randomized fashion for 4 days, each day consisting of four equal meals. This was followed on day 5 by a "Big Mac Attack" lunch consisting of a Big Mac, french fries, and milk shake. Insulin requirements to maintain normoglycemia were calculated for each 24-h period and for the 2 h after each meal. The mean 24-h insulin requirements to maintain normoglycemia was greater for the 60% carbohydrate diet than the 40% diet. Although the four meals were of equal size, in all patients the insulin required to cover breakfast greater than lunch greater than dinner greater than or equal to snack. Expressed as milliunits per kilocalorie, the amount of insulin to cover breakfast was greater for the 60% (P less than .05) than the 40% carbohydrate diet and greater for breakfast than the other meals (P less than .01). Insulin requirements for the Big Mac (43% carbohydrate) were 58% greater than for the 40% carbohydrate diet, even after correction for caloric differences. In summary, 1) increasing dietary carbohydrate from 40 to 60% results in an increased insulin requirement for meals only; 2) insulin requirements are greater in the morning than in the evening, even when meal size is constant; and 3) very large meals with high fat and carbohydrate content result in a major increase in insulin requirement. These data indicate that diet has an important impact on insulin requirements in diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88296046

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*BL/DT; Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*; Insulin Infusion Systems|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Blood Glucose|ME; Clinical Trials; Comparative Study; Energy Intake; Female; Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Middle Age; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


Record 42 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Nutritional risk of high-carbohydrate, guar gum dietary supplementation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Van Duyn MA; Leo TA; McIvor ME; Behall KM; Michnowski JE; Mendeloff AI
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1986 Sep, 9:5, 497-503
Abstract
Dietary supplementation with high-carbohydrate, guar gum fiber (HCF) is effective in acutely blunting postprandial blood glucose levels. We report the effect of such supplementation on the diet and nutritional status of a group of 16 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) who incorporated either HCF bars (35.7 g carbohydrate and 6.6 g guar gum/bar) or placebo bars (identical except for the absence of guar gum) into the diet for 6 mo as part of a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. The HCF subjects achieved mean daily intake of 4.8 +/- 0.4 bars, constituting 51.2 +/- 3.1% of total calories and providing 29.7 +/- 2.6 g guar gum daily. Energy intakes and body weight did not change significantly in either group. Food consumption patterns and nutrient intakes did change, although not enough to impair the nutritional integrity of the diet because the bars themselves served as a source of nutrients. The bars were rich in thiamin, B6, folacin, phosphorus, iron, zinc, and copper, adequately replacing any decrease in nutrient intake as a result of foods being dropped from the diet. In fact, daily intakes of B6, folacin, and copper actually increased due to contributions from the bars. Nutrients in which the bars were poor (vitamins A, C and B12) resulted in suboptimal intakes (less than 66% RDA). Although no significant change in nutritional status of the HCF group occurred as determined by arm muscle area, arm fat area, hemoglobin, hematocrit, or serum albumin, transferrin, iron, ferritin, calcium, phosphate, B12, and magnesium levels, these indicators of nutritional status are rather insensitive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87029783

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*; Dietary Fiber|*; Food, Fortified|*; Galactans|*; Mannans|*; Obesity in Diabetes|*DH
MeSH Heading
Clinical Trials; Comparative Study; Energy Intake; Human; Nutritional Status; Risk; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 43 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
A prospective comparison of 'conventional' and high carbohydrate/high fibre/low fat diets in adults with established type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
Author
McCulloch DK; Mitchell RD; Ambler J; Tattersall RB
Address
 
Source
Diabetologia, 1985 Apr, 28:4, 208-12
Abstract
Diabetic associations throughout the world are recommending high carbohydrate/high fibre/low fat diets for diabetic patients as a means of improving general health and metabolic control. We have previously shown that the efficacy of a 'conventional' low carbohydrate diet can be greatly increased by improving the method of dietary education. To test whether further improvement in metabolic control could be achieved by changing to a high carbohydrate/high fibre/low fat diet we have followed a group of 40 Type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetic adults for up to 19 months. They had all been prescribed a conventional low carbohydrate diet taught by one of three methods (dietician only, practical lunchtime demonstration or videotape). Those taught by dietician only were left as a control group for follow-up (group A). The others were randomized either to continue on their present diet (group B) or to change to a high carbohydrate/high fibre/low fat diet (group C). At final assessment those in groups B and C were more knowledgeable, compliant and better controlled than group A. Those in group C achieved a change from 38% carbohydrate/43% fat/20 g fibre daily to 45% carbohydrate/34% fat/32 g fibre daily. However, metabolic control in group C deteriorated while taking the high carbohydrate/high fibre/low fat diet (haemoglobin A1 went from 9.4 +/- 0.5% to 11.2 +/- 0.5%, p less than 0.01, over 4 months). None of the patients in group C changed their eating habits or those of their families nearly as much as was recommended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
85258709

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Comparative Study; Energy Intake; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Patient Compliance; Patient Education; Prospective Studies; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0012-186X
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST


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Record 44 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The effects of subject-selected high carbohydrate, low fat diets on glycemic control in insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Hollenbeck CB; Riddle MC; Connor WE; Leklem JE
Address
 
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1985 Feb, 41:2, 293-8
Abstract
In the present study, six women with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) were assigned to begin either a control diet containing 45% of the calories as carbohydrate, 40% fat, and 15% protein for four weeks, or a high carbohydrate, low fat diet with 65% carbohydrate, 20% fat, and 15% protein for six weeks. All subjects completed both periods in a cross-over experimental design. Individual menus varied, and were subject-selected from a calculated exchange list consisting of conventional food items. Subjects selected an equal distribution of carbohydrate from simple and complex sources during both dietary periods, and dietary fiber intake was only modestly greater during the high carbohydrate diet (50 g) than in the control diet period (28 g). No significant changes occurred in any measures of glycemic control between the control and high carbohydrates diets; fasting serum glucose 215 vs 213 mg/100 ml; preprandial serum glucose 214 vs 200 mg/100 ml; 24 hour urine glucose 36 vs 31 g/day; and glycosylated hemoglobin 10.3 vs 10.5% Hb A1, respectively. Similarly, insulin dose was unchanged during the control (38 IU/day) and experimental (38 IU/day) periods. These findings indicate that the application of present dietary recommendations to persons with IDDM in a realistic clinical setting led to neither an improvement nor a deterioration of glycemic control.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
85119118

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Dietary Proteins|AD; Energy Intake; Female; Glycosuria; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Insulin|AD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 45 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Absence of diabetes in a rural West African population with a high carbohydrate/cassava diet.
Author
Teuscher T; Baillod P; Rosman JB; Teuscher A
Address
 
Source
Lancet, 1987 Apr, 1:8536, 765-8
Abstract
1028 (99%) of the 1038 inhabitants of the West African village of Agbave and a random sample of 353 (12.4%) of the population of 2850 in Kati, another West African village, were screened for diabetes. Also recorded were their anthropometric data, dietary habits, possession of antibodies to malaria, and serum IgG concentrations. About 85% of the study population consumed cassava root at least once a day. The mean (SD) capillary random blood glucose concentration was 5.1 (1.1) mmol/l in men and 5.1 (0.6) in women. The mean (SD) body mass index was 20.2 (1.8) in men and 20.7 (2.3) in women. The mean blood glucose was similar whether cassava was consumed once daily, more than once daily, or less than once daily. None of the 1381 subjects examined had diabetes. This finding suggests that a high carbohydrate/cassava intake (84% of a mean daily supply of 1916 calories) combined with a low protein consumption (8% of caloric supply) does not cause diabetes. This does not support the World Health Organisation hypothesis that malnutrition-related diabetes exists, at least not in this West African rural population.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87171755

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cassava|*; Diabetes Mellitus|*EP; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Plants, Edible|*
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Africa, Western; Blood Glucose|AN; Diet; Female; Human; Male; Rural Population

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0140-6736
Country of Publication
ENGLAND


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Record 46 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Characteristics that enhance adherence to high-carbohydrate/high-fiber diets by persons with diabetes.
Author
Kouris A; Wahlqvist ML; Worsley A
Address
Department of Human Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
Source
J Am Diet Assoc, 1988 Nov, 88:11, 1422-5
Abstract
This study sought to characterize 40 clients with diabetes, 19 of whom adhered to a high-carbohydrate/fiber diet and 21 of whom did not, in accordance with the adherence pattern. There would seem to be distinct differences in the characteristics of adherers and non-adherers. Dietary adherence was found to be independent for sex, age, occupation, marital status, ethnicity, and education. However, comparison of the groups' health and dietary perceptions showed that non-adherers, as opposed to adherers, were not concerned about reaching their ideal body weight; needed to be motivated to exercise by family or friends; did not perceive diabetes as a threat to their health; were not satisfied with their knowledge about diabetes; were not content with their nutrient status but believed they were consuming adequate amounts of carbohydrate; and believed that they did not need to change their intake of fruit, vegetables, and bread--liking/disliking of these foods being the most important barrier to dietary change. Such patients, identified in screening for potential dietary non-adherence, may benefit from the use of educational strategies different from those used with patients who are more oriented toward health.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89035235

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD/*TU; Dietary Fiber|AD/*TU; Patient Compliance|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Attitude to Health; Body Weight; Exercise; Human; Middle Age; Patient Education; Questionnaires; Smoking|PC

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-8223
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


Record 47 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Ketoacidosis and hyperosmolarity as first symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus following ingestion of high-carbohydrate-containing fluids.
Author
Vanelli M; Chiari G; Ghizzoni L; Capuano C; Bonetti L; Costi G; Giacalone T; Chiarelli F
Address
Department of Pediatric, Diabetes Regional Unit, University of Parma, Italy.
Source
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 1999, 12:5 Suppl 2, 691-4
Abstract
The concomitant occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolarity is reported in two children, as early symptoms of misdiagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. The precipitating factor for both severe metabolic abnormalities was the ingestion of a large amount of high-carbohydrate-containing fluids, a few days before admission. A similar situation has never been reported before in the literature. A successful therapeutic scheme is described.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
20311263

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*PP; Diabetic Ketoacidosis|*PP; Dietary Carbohydrates|AD/*AE
MeSH Heading
Case Report; Child; Human; Male; Osmolar Concentration

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Country of Publication
ENGLAND


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Record 48 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The high-carbohydrate diet in diabetes management.
Author
Nuttall FQ
Address
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis.
Source
Adv Intern Med, 1988, 33:, 165-83
Abstract
In summary, the best diet for an insulin-requiring diabetic person is a diet that can be best integrated into the person's lifestyle, one that is best matched to an insulin regimen acceptable to that person, and one that leads to the best control of the 24-hour integrated blood glucose concentration. Should future research indicate that a very high-CHO, low-fat diet is of additional benefit to the patient, then the dietary recommendations to the patient should be altered accordingly. It should be understood that diabetes is a chronic disease that requires intensive effort by the patient if reasonable management is to be attained. We should not complicate this management unnecessarily by dietary intervention unless clear benefits can be observed. For the type II, noninsulin-requiring diabetic person, dietary recommendations are even less certain. Obese patients should be encouraged to lose weight and to maintain a more ideal body weight, but one should not be disappointed if the patient is unable to accomplish this. Medical indications for weight loss rarely have been sufficient motivation for patients to remain on a semistarvation diet. Should safe, effective anorexigenic drugs become available, they clearly would be the treatment of choice for these patients. The best weight-maintenance diet for type II diabetic persons remains to be determined. A high-CHO, low-fat diet would appear to be best, provided it results in a more normal average level of blood glucose. An increase in dietary soluble fiber also may be useful in reducing the serum cholesterol concentration. In such a diet, those CHO foods that raise the postprandial glucose concentration the least should be emphasized.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88147532

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diabetic Diet|*TD; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD/ME
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Dietary Fats|AD; Dietary Fiber|AD; Human; Obesity in Diabetes|DH

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0065-2822
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 49 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
High-carbohydrate and fibre diets in the treatment of diabetes.
Author
Hockaday TD
Address
 
Source
Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl, 1987, 129:, 124-31
Abstract
After Kinsell and collaborators (1970) demonstrated a smaller glycaemic rise in diabetic subjects given larger rather than smaller nutrient loads (because of the more complicated composition of the intakes) notions that one can usefully prescribe diabetic diets from crude chemical composition of foods 'on the shelf' have been abandoned, with greater consideration of the varied gastro-intestinal handling of foods, how they are changed by cooking, etc., the way different food interact within the gastro-intestinal tract, and the importance of specific chemical constitution, both of the classical nutrients as well as fibre contents. In practice, high-carbohydrate diets are usually entwined with high-fibre intake. Apart from the observations on the practicability of high-carbohydrate diets in obtaining successful glycaemic control of diabetics outside the 'First World', doubts were voiced in the late 1920s concerning the wisdom of the high-fat intake accompanying low-carbohydrate diets. In the next decade Himsworth showed in normal subjects that high-carbohydrate intake improved glucose tolerance, and this has been repeated in Seattle. Data concerning complete meals or, much better, dietary regimes persisted with over long periods of time are more relevant than those from single intakes of liquid homogenates. We present observations on 6-week intakes of particular dietary regimes (in free-living patients) from which the main conclusions would seem: a high-carbohydrate intake does no harm to glycaemic control in diabetics, providing it is predominantly of polysaccharides; a high-fibre intake has various beneficial effects, and in particular high viscous fibre intake reduces post-prandial glycaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87319514

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|BL/*DH; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Human; Insulin|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0085-5928
Country of Publication
NORWAY


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Record 50 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Outpatient management of diabetes mellitus with patient education to increase dietary carbohydrate and fiber.
Author
Stevens J; Burgess MB; Kaiser DL; Sheppa CM
Address
 
Source
Diabetes Care, 1985 Jul, 8:4, 359-66
Abstract
The impact of patient education on dietary fiber intake, diabetes control, and serum lipids was examined in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Customary outpatient personnel and procedures were used to teach three diet plans: the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet, the ADA diet modified to increase high-fiber, high-carbohydrate foods (IF), and the IF diet supplemented with oat bran (IFOB). A control group was instructed on foot care to provide teaching visits. Fifty-two patients were recruited from an outpatient clinic and studied over a 6-wk period. Subjects were of low socioeconomic status and had completed a mean of 8.3 yr of education. Patients instructed to increase their intake of high-fiber foods reported a doubling of fiber intake and tolerated the diets well. Increased fiber and carbohydrate intake and decreased fat intake were associated with reductions in fasting plasma glucose levels. Increased fiber intake was also associated with reductions in total serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Changes in fiber, carbohydrate, and fat intake were unrelated to changes in weight, serum insulin levels, or hemoglobin A1c levels over the study period.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
86004021

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fiber|*AD; Patient Education|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Blood Glucose|ME; Cholesterol|BL; Diabetic Diet; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|ME; Human; Male; Middle Age; Patient Compliance; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


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Record 51 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Serum trehalase activities in controlled and uncontrolled diabetes and the impact of oral glucose, high carbohydrate and glycosuria on serum levels.
Author
Isichei UP; Gorecki T
Address
Department of Clinical Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos.
Source
Afr J Med Med Sci, 1993 Jun, 22:2, 5-11
Abstract
Nineteen healthy volunteers, made up of two groups were subjected to an extended oral glucose tolerance study. In one group, each had 50g glucose and in the other a high carbohydrate meal. Blood glucose and serum trehalase activities were determined on fasting blood samples and specimens collected half-hourly for 4 hours. The values obtained for both at each stage of the investigations were compared with one another. Correlation coefficient (r) between blood glucose and serum trehalase were 0.4923 for the fasting samples and 0.4762 at 1 hr. The impact of diabetes and glycosuria on serum trehalase activities in 50 diabetics consisting of treated (controlled) and untreated (uncontrolled) cases was also studied. Our study reveals a slight fall in serum trehalase values from the initial fasting level, but thereafter a gradual and progressive rise during the course of the glucose tolerance investigations. Serum trehalase values were higher in diabetics compared to normal subjects (t = 7.0168, P = 0.005). Diabetics with glycosuria had a significantly higher mean serum trehalase compared to the controlled group (t = 5.233, P = 0.005). High serum trehalase values were seen in diabetics with renal glycosuria at comparatively low levels of blood glucose. The significance of these findings is discussed in relation to the possible place of serum trehalase assay in the management of diabetes, especially when this is made difficult by renal glycosuria.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
95141867

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus|BL/CO/*EN/*TH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*PD; Glucose|*PD; Trehalase|*BL
MeSH Heading
Administration, Oral; Blood Glucose|AN; Fasting; Glucose Tolerance Test; Glycosuria|ET/UR; Human

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW LITERATURE
ISSN
0309-3913
Country of Publication
NIGERIA


Record 52 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Lipoprotein compositional changes in the fasting and postprandial state on a high-carbohydrate low-fat and a high-fat diet in subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
OBrien T; Nguyen TT; Buithieu J; Kottke BA
Address
Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Division of Cardiovascular Disease and Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
Source
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1993 Nov, 77:5, 1345-51
Abstract
Our aims were 1) to examine the effects of a high-carbohydrate low-fat diet on fasting and postprandial plasma lipids, apolipoproteins (apo), and lipoprotein composition in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and 2) to determine whether postprandial shift of apo between triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLP) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) is affected by diet. A cross-over study, of 4 weeks duration, of a high-carbohydrate (60% carbohydrate, 20% fat) and a high-fat (40% carbohydrate, 40% fat) diet was performed in seven subjects with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. TRLP, low density lipoproteins (LDL), and HDL were separated by fast protein liquid chromatography. The high-carbohydrate diet resulted in a decrease of fasting total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol and a trend toward an increase in plasma triglycerides. The apo composition of fasting TRLP and HDL was similar on both diets. TRLP apo CII, CIII, and E increased whereas HDL apo CII, CIII, and E decreased postprandially on both diets. In contrast, TRLP apo CI increased, and HDL apo CI decreased only after the high-carbohydrate diet. We conclude that 1) a high carbohydrate diet results in a decrease in total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol and a trend toward an increase in plasma triglycerides; 2) fasting TRLP and HDL apo composition was similar on a high-carbohydrate or a high-fat diet; and 3) on both diets, apo CII, CIII, and E transfer from HDL to TRLP postprandially. However, only the high-carbohydrate diet induced postprandial transfer of apo CI from HDL to TRLP. This may explain in part the changes in lipoproteins observed with this diet.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94358045

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Eating|*; Fasting|*; Lipoproteins|*BL/CH
MeSH Heading
Aged; Apolipoproteins|ME; Human; Lipids|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0021-972X
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES


GTO

Record 53 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Ketoacidosis and hyperosmolarity as first symptoms of type 1 diabetes mellitus following ingestion of high-carbohydrate-containing fluids.
Author
Vanelli M; Chiari G; Ghizzoni L; Capuano C; Bonetti L; Costi G; Giacalone T; Chiarelli F
Address
Department of Pediatrics, University of Parma, Italy.
Source
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab, 1999 Sep, 12:5, 691-4
Abstract
The concomitant occurrence of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolarity is reported in two children, as early symptoms of misdiagnosed type 1 diabetes mellitus. The precipitating factor for both severe metabolic abnormalities was the ingestion of a large amount of high-carbohydrate-containing fluids, a few days before admission. A similar situation has never been reported before in the literature. A successful therapeutic scheme is described.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
20168189

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*DU; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*DI/TH; Diabetic Ketoacidosis|CI/*ME/TH; Water-Electrolyte Imbalance|CI/*ME/TH
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Case Report; Child; Fluid Therapy; Human; Hypoglycemic Agents|AD/TU; Insulin|AD/TU; Insulin Infusion Systems; Male; Solutions

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 54 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Prescribed versus unrestricted carbohydrate diets in children with type 1 diabetes.
Author
Price KJ; Lang JD; Eiser C; Tripp JH
Address
Department of Child Health, Postgraduate Medical School, University of Exeter, UK.
Source
Diabet Med, 1993 Dec, 10:10, 962-7
Abstract
The diets of 53 children over 8 years of age with diabetes mellitus were examined by 24 h recall. Thirty-seven had been on prescribed carbohydrate diets while 16 had been on an unrestricted carbohydrate diet since diagnosis. The mean intakes of energy (prescribed 9.1 MJ, unrestricted 9.0 MJ, p = 0.66), carbohydrate (prescribed 259 g, unrestricted 251 g, p = 0.64), fat (prescribed 99.8 g, unrestricted 98.2 g, p = 0.84) and fibre (prescribed 29.2 g, unrestricted 31.0 g, p = 0.42) were not significantly different between the two groups. Both groups showed similar distribution of carbohydrate through the day and considerable day to day variation in their carbohydrate intake (coefficient of variation, prescribed 14.5%, unrestricted 14.1%, p = 0.87). Those on prescribed diet had a mean carbohydrate intake which exceeded their prescription by 36%. Both groups had above average fibre intake suggesting that qualitative advice was being followed. There were no significant differences between the two groups in metabolic control (HbA1 prescribed 12.4%, unrestricted 11.9%, p = 0.23), body mass index (prescribed 19.8 kg m-2, unrestricted 20.4 kg m-2) or insulin dosage (prescribed 1 unit kg-1 day-1, unrestricted 0.9 units kg-1 day-1). This study has shown no differences between prescribed and unrestricted carbohydrate diets. Qualitative, rather than quantitative advice may be more appropriate in the management of Type 1 diabetic children.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94139225

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH/DT; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Age Factors; Body Mass Index; Child; Comparative Study; Dietary Fiber; Female; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Insulin|TU; Male; Patient Education; Sex Factors; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0742-3071
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 55 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Alcohol-associated diabetes mellitus. A review of the impact of alcohol consumption on carbohydrate metabolism.
Author
Greenhouse L; Lardinois CK
Address
Ioannis A. Lougaris Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Reno, USA.
Source
Arch Fam Med, 1996 Apr, 5:4, 229-33
Abstract
Most cases of diabetes mellitus result from decreased insulin secretion (type I, insulin-dependent) or altered insulin action (type II, insulin-independent). Another category, namely, "other" diabetes mellitus-associated conditions, is usually mentioned to distinguish this type of diabetes from the other two categories; this category includes drugs, genetic and endocrine syndromes, and pancreatic disorders. The most common pancreatic disease that causes diabetes mellitus is chronic pancreatitis that results from alcohol abuse. The clinical observation of patients at our institution with long histories of heavy alcohol intake and diabetes mellitus prompted us to review the impact of alcohol on carbohydrate metabolism. In many of these patients, it was notable that they were not obese and they had no immediate family members with diabetes mellitus, raising the possibility that alcohol-associated diabetes mellitus may be a distinct subset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus that is distinct from type II diabetes mellitus.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96365735

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Alcoholism|*CO; Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*ET; Pancreatitis|*ET
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|ME; Case Report; Disease Susceptibility|GE; Human; Insulin|SE; Male; Middle Age; Pancreas|PP; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
1063-3987
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 56 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of vanadyl sulfate on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Boden G; Chen X; Ruiz J; van Rossum GD; Turco S
Address
Division of Endocrinology/Diabetes/Metabolism and the General Clinical Research Center, Temple University Schools of Medicine and Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Source
Metabolism, 1996 Sep, 45:9, 1130-5
Abstract
The safety and efficacy of vanadyl sulfate (VS) was tested in a single-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eight patients (four men and four women) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) received VS (50 mg twice daily orally) for 4 weeks. Six of these patients (four men and two women) continued in the study and were given a placebo for an additional 4 weeks. Euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps were performed before and after the VS and placebo phases. VS was associated with gastrointestinal side effects in six of eight patients during the first week, but was well tolerated after that. VS administration was associated with a 20% decrease in fasting glucose concentration (from 9.3 +/- 1.8 to 7.4 +/- 1.4 mmol/L, P < .05) and a decrease in hepatic glucose output (HGO) during hyperinsulinemia (from 5.0 +/- 1.0 pre-VS to 3.1 +/- 0.9 micromol/kg x min post-VS, P < .02). The improvement in fasting plasma glucose and HGO that occurred during VS treatment was maintained during the placebo phase. VS had no significant effects on rates of total-body glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, glycolysis, carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation, or lipolysis during euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps. We conclude that VS at the dose used was well tolerated and resulted in modest reductions of fasting plasma glucose and hepatic insulin resistance. However, the safety of larger doses and use of vanadium salts for longer periods remains uncertain.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96374919

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*BL; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL; Hypoglycemic Agents|AE/*TU; Lipids|*BL; Vanadium Compounds|AE/*TU
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|AN; Female; Glucose Clamp Technique; Human; Insulin|BL/ME; Male; Middle Age; Placebos; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0026-0495
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 57 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Large variations of sucrose in constant carbohydrate diets in type II diabetes.
Author
Abraira C; Derler J
Address
Medical Service, Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Illinois 60141.
Source
Am J Med, 1988 Feb, 84:2, 193-200
Abstract
Several studies show that sucrose does not aggravate hyperglycemia in type II diabetes mellitus, but sucrose is still restricted in dietary recommendations. Since sucrose in high carbohydrate diets elevates fasting triglyceride levels, the effects of sucrose were evaluated in diets with fixed carbohydrate levels. Eighteen diabetic volunteers receiving no medication were given weight maintenance diets with 50 percent carbohydrate, 35 percent fat, 15 percent protein, and 120 g of sucrose for 10 days as inpatients. They were then randomly assigned diets of similar composition with either 220 g of sucrose (high sucrose diet) or less than 3 g of sucrose daily (complex carbohydrate [CHO] diet) for one additional month. There were no differences in fasting, one-, two-, and three-hour post-lunch serum glucose levels; 24-hour glycosuria; glycohemoglobin levels; fasting and postprandial serum triglyceride levels, or fasting high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels. Twelve patients with preexisting higher triglyceridemia had similar trends, but the postprandial triglyceride levels were lower in the high sucrose diet group of this subset (p less than 0.05 in the third week). Postprandial serum insulin levels declined in the second week on the complex CHO diet. More than 75-fold difference in sucrose intake with constant carbohydrate and fat did not affect glycemic or triglyceridemic control in type II diabetic patients. The reported high sucrose-carbohydrate-induced rise in fasting triglyceridemia was not present when a diet high in sucrose was given without changing total carbohydrate.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
88307372

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/*DH; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Sucrose|*AD
MeSH Heading
Blood Glucose|AN; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0002-9343
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 58 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Carbohydrate digestion and release of pancreatic polypeptide in health and diabetes mellitus.
Author
Layer P; Go VL; DiMagno EP
Address
Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Source
Gut, 1989 Sep, 30:9, 1279-84
Abstract
The effects of meal volume and luminal digestion of carbohydrates on the release of pancreatic polypeptide (HPP) were investigated in eight healthy subjects and in six patients who had non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. On one occasion each subject ingested a placebo with 200 ml water and a starch (50 g) pudding meal (400 ml) 30 minutes later. On another occasion an amylase inhibitor that retards intraluminal starch digestion was given with the water and starch. In normal subjects, water caused a moderate rise in HPP plasma levels (16.9 (10.9) pg/ml; p less than 0.02) and ingestion of starch increased HPP in a double peaked pattern. The mean increments of the peaks were 45.0 (15.2) pg/ml (p less than 0.02) and 41.1 (17.3) pg/ml (p less than 0.05), respectively. In the diabetic subjects, the HPP concentrations did not increase in response to water. After ingestion of starch the diabetics had two peaks of HPP that were similar in magnitude, but the early postprandial peak was delayed significantly compared to normal subjects (37.5 (5.1) min v 23.4 (3.9) min; p less than 0.05). The amylase inhibitor (5 or 10 g) reduced the early postprandial HPP peak by 79% (p less than 0.05) in normal subjects and 4 g of the inhibitor reduced the early HPP peak by 58% (p less than 0.05) in the diabetics. In both groups ingestion of the amylase inhibitor abolished the late HPP peak (p less than 0.05). In conclusion, carbohydrate induced HPP release is dependent on undisturbed intraluminal starch digestion.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
90034348

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*ME; Pancreatic Polypeptide|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Amylases|AI; Digestion; Human; Male; Middle Age; Reference Values; Starch|ME; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0017-5749
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 59 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Carbohydrate metabolism in gestational diabetes: effect of chronic hypertension.
Author
Caruso A; Ferrazzani S; De Carolis S; Lucchese A; Lanzone A; Paradisi G
Address
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University, Rome, Italy.
Source
Obstet Gynecol, 1999 Oct, 94:4, 556-61
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the coexistence of chronic hypertension and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is characterized by a greater impairment of carbohydrate metabolism than GDM alone. METHODS: Carbohydrate metabolism of eight women with chronic hypertensive GDM and 15 normotensive women with GDM was evaluated in the third trimester using the oral glucose tolerance test (GTT) and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Controls were ten normotensive, glucose-tolerant, pregnant women in the third trimester. RESULTS: Insulin sensitivity of women with chronic hypertension and GDM was approximately twofold lower than those with GDM only (1.54+/-0.35 versus 4.15+/-0.31, P < .001) and approximately fivefold lower than controls (1.54+/-0.35 versus 7.65+/-0.66, P < .001). Women with chronic hypertension and concomitant GDM had higher insulin levels in response to GTT than controls (P < .001 repeated measures analysis of variance). In all subjects, mean arterial pressure (MAP) had a strong negative correlation with maternal insulin sensitivity (r = -0.62, P < .001). Significant correlation was also found between percent of body fat and insulin sensitivity (r = -0.53, P < .002). Those regressions were still significant when adjusted for percent of body fat and MAP. CONCLUSION: Gravidas with chronic hypertension and GDM are more insulin resistant than those with GDM alone. Blood pressure, in a population of pregnant women with normal and abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, is a stronger predictor of insulin resistance than adiposity.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99439376

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes, Gestational|*ME; Hypertension|*ME; Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Chronic Disease; Female; Human; Insulin|BL; Pregnancy; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0029-7844
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 60 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of a purified amylase inhibitor on carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects and patients with diabetes mellitus.
Author
Layer P; Rizza RA; Zinsmeister AR; Carlson GL; DiMagno EP
Address
 
Source
Mayo Clin Proc, 1986 Jun, 61:6, 442-7
Abstract
Slowing starch digestion by inhibiting amylase activity in the intestinal lumen should improve postprandial carbohydrate tolerance in patients with diabetes mellitus. Crude bean-derived amylase inhibitor ("starch blocker") that contains only minimal antiamylase activity, however, does not modify carbohydrate assimilation. To test the validity of the "starch blockade" concept, we assessed the effect of a partially purified bean-derived amylase inhibitor with increased antiamylase activity on carbohydrate tolerance in normal subjects and in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In comparison with a placebo, ingestion of this inhibitor with 50 g of starch substantially reduced postprandial increases in plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin in both normal subjects and those with diabetes. We conclude that a purified amylase inhibitor is effective and potentially beneficial in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
86229262

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Amylases|*AI; Blood Glucose|*AN; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/*ME/TH; Dietary Carbohydrates|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Breath Tests; C-Peptide|AN; Female; Human; Hydrogen|AN; Insulin|BL; Intestinal Absorption; Lactulose|ME; Male; Middle Age; Starch|ME; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0025-6196
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 61 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Use of a plastic insulin dosage guide to correct blood glucose levels out of the target range and for carbohydrate counting in subjects with type 1 diabetes.
Author
Kaufman FR; Halvorson M; Carpenter S
Address
Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, California, USA. fkaufman@chla.usc.edu.
Source
Diabetes Care, 1999 Aug, 22:8, 1252-7
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To improve glycemic control, a hand-held plastic Insulin Dosage Guide was developed to correct blood glucose levels outside of the target range. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Protocol 1: Some 40 children (mean age 10.6+/-4.6 years) were randomly assigned for 3 months to use a written-on-paper algorithm or the Insulin Dosage Guide to correct abnormal blood glucose levels. Mean HbA1c and blood glucose levels and time to teach insulin dosage correction were compared. Protocol 2: The Insulin Dosage Guide was used by 83 subjects (mean age 11.4+/-4.3 years) for 1 year, and mean HbA1c levels, blood glucose levels, and number of consecutive high blood glucose values taken before and after the year were compared. Protocol 3: Some 20 patients (mean age 10.1+/-3.7 years) using rapid-acting insulin and 64 patients (mean age 15.9+/-3.6 years) using an insulin pump and rapid-acting insulin used the Insulin Dosage Guide and had mean blood glucose levels, HbA1c, and percentage of blood glucose levels outside of the target range determined. RESULTS: Protocol 1: There was a significant reduction in mean HbA1c (P = 0.04) and blood glucose levels (P = 0.05) and in the time needed to teach how to correct blood glucose values using the Insulin Dosage Guide compared with the paper algorithm. Protocol 2: There was a decrease in mean HbA1c levels (P = 0.0001) and a decrease in the mean number of consecutive blood glucose levels (P = 0.001) over the 1-year time period. Protocol 3: With rapid-acting insulin, there was a significant increase in the percentage of blood glucose levels within the target range (1 month, P = 0.04; at 3 months, P = 0.03). With the insulin pump, there was a high rate (90%) of blood glucose levels in the target range during pump initiation when the Insulin Dosage Guide was used. CONCLUSIONS: This inexpensive hand-held plastic card, which is portable and easy to use, may help patients improve glycemia and successfully manage diabetes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99408643

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*DT/ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*PD
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Blood Glucose|ME; Child; Child, Preschool; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; GUIDELINE; JOURNAL ARTICLE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0149-5992
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 62 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of variations in dietary fat and carbohydrate intake on postprandial lipemia in patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Author
Chen YD; Swami S; Skowronski R; Coulston AM; Reaven GM
Address
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, California.
Source
J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1993 Feb, 76:2, 347-51
Abstract
The effect of dietary composition on concentrations of postprandial lipoproteins was studied in eight sulfonylurea-treated patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Two diets were consumed by each patient for 2 weeks in random order, one contained (as percent of total calories) 15% protein, 40% fat, and 45% carbohydrate (CHO), whereas the other consisted of 15% protein, 25% fat, and 60% CHO. At the end of each dietary period, patients were given Vitamin A (60,000 U/m2) with their noon meal, and the concentration of triglyceride (TG) and retinyl esters in plasma and two lipoprotein fractions (Sf > 400 and Sf 20-400) determined over the next 12 h. The results indicated that both postprandial TG and retinyl ester concentrations were higher in plasma (Sf > 400, and Sf 20-400 lipoproteins), when patients ate the 25% fat/60% CHO diet. Thus, replacing saturated fat with CHO accentuates the magnitude of postprandial lipemia. Since TG-rich lipoproteins may be atherogenic, appropriate dietary advice for patients with type 2 diabetes may deserve reappraisal.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93163203

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Food|*; Lipids|*BL
MeSH Heading
Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Dietary Proteins|AD; Human; Insulin|BL; Lipoproteins|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Triglycerides|BL; Vitamin A|AA/AD/BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0021-972X
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 63 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Carbohydrate metabolism during pregnancy in control subjects and women with gestational diabetes.
Author
Catalano PM; Tyzbir ED; Wolfe RR; Calles J; Roman NM; Amini SB; Sims EA
Address
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington 05405.
Source
Am J Physiol, 1993 Jan, 264:1 Pt 1, E60-7
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to characterize carbohydrate metabolism associated with the development of gestational diabetes. Six control (Ctl) and ten women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were evaluated using an intravenous glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with [6,6-2H2]glucose prior to conception (P) and at 12-14 (E), and 34-36 wk of gestation (L). There was an increase (P = 0.0001) in first-phase insulin response in Ctl (P 174 +/- 133, E 388 +/- 120, and L 587 +/- 303 microU/ml) and GDM (P 197 +/- 94, E 267 +/- 77, and L 376 +/- 162 microU/ml) but a significant (P = 0.02) lag in change in GDM with advancing gestation. Basal endogenous glucose production increased during gestation [Ctl: P 2.74 +/- 0.23, E 2.62 +/- 0.38, and L 3.14 +/- 0.36; GDM: P 2.68 +/- 0.51, E 2.78 +/- 0.45, and L 2.98 +/- 0.48 mg.kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1 x min-1; P = 0.02], but there was resistance to suppression by insulin infusion (P = 0.03) in late gestation (GDM: 0.61 +/- 0.44 vs. Ctl: 0.16 +/- 0.17 mg.kg FFM-1 x min-1). Insulin sensitivity decreased during gestation (Ctl: P 10.78 +/- 2.78, E 8.34 +/- 2.36, and L 4.75 +/- 1.22; GDM: P 7.49 +/- 2.13, E 7.40 +/- 1.45, and L 4.21 +/- 1.01 mg.kg FFM-1 x min-1; P = 0.0001) and was primarily decreased (P = 0.04) in GDM compared with Ctl from P through E. These findings closely resemble those of non-insulin-dependent, predominantly insulin-resistant diabetes, which is often a sequel of GDM.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93158729

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Carbohydrates|*ME; Diabetes, Gestational|*ME; Pregnancy|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Female; Glucose|BI; Glucose Clamp Technique; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Hyperinsulinism|ME; Injections, Intravenous; Insulin|PD; Insulin Resistance; Reference Values; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type <