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Record 1 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Plasma trivalent chromium, glucose tolerance and
insulin secretion in juvenile- and adult-onset
diabetes mellitus.
- Author
- Gedik O; Unal S; Koray Z
- Address
-
- Source
- Isr J Med Sci, 1980 Aug, 16:8, 563-5
- Abstract
- The relation between plasma trivalent chromium
(Cr3+), glucose tolerance and insulin secretion
was studied in healthy volunteers and in patients
with juvenile- or adult-onset diabetes mellitus.
Cr3+ levels before and during the oral glucose
tolerance test were not significantly different in
the three groups, whereas glucose tolerance and
insulin secretion were impaired in the diabetics.
Our results indicate that plasma Cr3+ behavior
does not reflect impairment of glucose tolerance
and insulin secretion in diabetes mellitus.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 81025854
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromium|*BL; Diabetes Mellitus|*BL; Diabetes
Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*BL
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|ME;
Child; Child, Preschool; Comparative Study;
Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Insulin|BL;
Male; Middle Age; Receptor, Insulin|ME
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0021-2180
- Country of Publication
- ISRAEL
Record 2 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Circulating and excreted levels of chromium
after an oral glucose challenge: influence of body
mass index, hypoglycemic drugs, and presence and
absence of diabetes mellitus.
- Author
- Earle KE; Archer AG; Baillie JE
- Address
- University of Cambridge, Department of Medicine,
Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK.
- Source
- Am J Clin Nutr, 1989 Apr, 49:4, 685-9
- Abstract
- The aim of this study was to observe the effect
of obesity on the plasma chromium profile and
excretion after a glucose challenge in control
subjects and noninsulin-dependent (NIDD) and
insulin-dependent diabetics (IDD). All subjects
were given 75 g glucose orally; serial blood and
urine samples were collected for Cr analysis. Lean
control subjects had significantly lower plasma Cr
and insulin values than did obese control subjects
at all times except zero (1 h, 12.69 +/- 6.73 vs
22.31 +/- 13.27 nmol/L, p less than 0.020). No
significant differences were seen between lean and
obese NIDDs and IDDs. NIDDs taking drugs had
higher Cr values than did lean control subjects
(13.08 +/- 0.58 vs 22.31 +/- 5.00 nmol/L, p less
than 0.02). Cr concentration of oral drugs was
22.4 ng/tablet and of the soluble insulins was
0.012 +/- .003 ng/U. The lean IDDs excreted higher
levels of Cr than did the control subjects;
however, Cr excretion within individual groups was
not found to be significantly different. The
results suggest Cr metabolism is influenced by BMI
in control subjects but not in diabetics.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 89190486
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Body Weight|*; Chromium|*ME; Diabetes
Mellitus|DT/*ME; Glucose Tolerance Test|*
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Creatinine|ME; Female; Human;
Hypoglycemic Agents|TU; Insulin|TU; Male; Middle
Age; Obesity|ME; Obesity in Diabetes|ME; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0002-9165
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 3 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Chromium homeostasis in patients with type II (NIDDM)
diabetes.
- Author
- Morris BW; MacNeil S; Hardisty CA; Heller S;
Burgin C; Gray TA
- Address
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Northern
General Hospital Trust, Sheffield, South
Yorkshire, U.K.
- Source
- J Trace Elem Med Biol, 1999 Jul, 13:1-2, 57-61
- Abstract
- The purpose of this study was to assess chromium
handling in non-insulin dependent diabetic
patients (NIDDM) compared to healthy volunteers.
Chromium handling was evaluated using fasting
blood and second morning void urine samples from
93 NIDDM patients and 33 healthy volunteers.
Significant differences in chromium homeostasis
were seen between patients and controls. NIDDM
patients had mean levels of plasma chromium around
33% lower and urine values almost 100% higher than
those found in health. Healthy volunteers showed a
significant negative correlation between fasting
levels of plasma chromium and insulin. This was
not evident in NIDDM patients. In the early years
of onset of NIDDM, plasma chromium values were
inversely correlated with plasma glucose. This was
lost in patients with diabetes of more than 2
years duration. We suggest large losses of
chromium over many years may exacerbate an already
compromised chromium status in NIDDM patients and
might contribute to the developing insulin
resistance seen in patients with type 2 diabetes.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99374245
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromium|BL/*ME/UR; Diabetes Mellitus,
Non-Insulin-Dependent|*ME; Homeostasis|*
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose|ME; Fasting; Female;
Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0946-672X
- Country of Publication
- GERMANY
Record 4 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Chromium, glucose tolerance, and diabetes.
- Author
- Anderson RA
- Address
- Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Laboratory, US
Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705.
- Source
- Biol Trace Elem Res, 1992 Jan, 32:, 19-24
- Abstract
- Chromium functions in maintaining normal glucose
tolerance primarily by regulating insulin action.
In the presence of optimal amounts of biologically
active chromium, much lower amounts of insulin are
required. Glucose intolerance, related to
insufficient dietary chromium, appears to be
widespread. Improved chromium nutrition leads to
improved sugar metabolism in hypoglycemics,
hyperglycemics, and diabetics.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92265504
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Blood Glucose|*ME; Chromium|DF/*PH/TU; Diabetes
Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/DT/*ET/ME
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Aging|BL; Female;
Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Male; Middle Age
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0163-4984
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 5 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Reduced chromium retention in patients with
hemochromatosis, a possible basis of
hemochromatotic diabetes.
- Author
- Sargent T 3d; Lim TH; Jenson RL
- Address
-
- Source
- Metabolism, 1979 Jan, 28:1, 70-9
- Abstract
- Chromium (III) has recently been shown to be an
essential trace mineral in rats, being required
for normal function of insulin in controlling
glucose metabolism. Chromium is transported in the
body bound to transferrin, where it binds
competitively with iron. Hemochromatosis is an
iron storage disease in humans characterized by
highly saturated transferrin levels and sometimes
by diabetes. We postulated that the diabetes may
be due to exclusion of chromium by iron at
metabolic binding sites. 51Cr(III) was
administered i.v. to 5 normal males, 6 patients
with hemochromatosis prior to therapeutic removal
of iron, and 5 patients with varying levels of
iron loading. The retention of 51Cr was measured
with a whole-body counter for 8 mo and blood
levels were measured for 40--80 days. Analysis of
the whole-body retention curves revealed 3
exponential components with T1/2s of .56 days,
12.7 days, and 192 days; the blood curves had 4
components with T1/2s of 13 min; 6.3 hr, 1.9 days,
and 8.3 days. The T1/2s were not significantly
different between the normals and patients. The
coefficients of these components however, were
significantly lower for the long T1/2 components
in the iron-loaded patients, demonstrating reduced
retention of 51Cr as postulated. Whether this
reduced retention of chromium is causally related
to diabetes in hemochromatosis and whether
abnormal chromium metabolism is involved in
endogenous diabetes, thus, becomes an important
question for future study.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 79093206
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromium|*ME; Hemochromatosis|*ME
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Chromium Radioisotopes; Female; Human;
Male; Middle Age; Whole-Body Counting
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0026-0495
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 6 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Reversal of corticosteroid-induced diabetes
mellitus with supplemental chromium.
- Author
- Ravina A; Slezak L; Mirsky N; Bryden NA;
Anderson RA
- Address
- Department of Diabetes, The Linn Clinic, Oranim
University of Haifa, Israel.
- Source
- Diabet Med, 1999 Feb, 16:2, 164-7
- Abstract
- AIMS: To determine if the stress of
corticosteroid treatment increases chromium (Cr)
losses and if corticosteroid-induced diabetes
(steroid diabetes) can be reversed by supplemental
chromium. METHODS: The effects of corticosteroid
treatment on chromium losses of 13 patients 2 days
prior to steroid administration and the first 3
days following treatment were determined. Since
steroid-induced diabetes was associated with
increased chromium losses and insufficient dietary
chromium is associated with glucose intolerance
and diabetes, we treated three patients with
steroid-induced diabetes with 600 microg per day
of chromium as chromium picolinate. RESULTS:
Urinary chromium losses following corticosteroid
treatment increased from 155+/-28 ng/d before
corticosteroid treatment to 244+/-33 ng/d in the
first 3 days following treatment. Chromium
supplementation of patients with steroid-induced
diabetes resulted in decreases in fasting blood
glucose values from greater than 13.9 mmol/l (250
mg/dl) to less than 8.3 mmol/l (150 mg/dl).
Hypoglycaemic drugs were also reduced 50% in all
patients when given supplemental chromium.
CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that
corticosteroid treatment increases chromium losses
and that steroid-induced diabetes can be reversed
by chromium supplementation. Follow-up,
double-blind studies are needed to confirm these
observations.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99244318
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones|*AE; Chromium|DF/*TU/UR;
Diabetes Mellitus|*CI/PP/UR; Dietary Supplements|*
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Case Report; Female; Human; Male; Middle
Age; Pilot Projects; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0742-3071
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 7 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Chromium depletion in the pathogenesis of
diabetes and atherosclerosis.
- Author
- Boyle E Jr; Mondschein B; Dash HH
- Address
-
- Source
- South Med J, 1977 Dec, 70:12, 1449-53
- Abstract
- Dietary Cr deficiency may cause the
aging-related Cr depletion observed in humans.
Such depletion, when it occurs with excessive
consumption of sugar and other carbohydrates, may
result in glucose intolerance, glycosuria,
hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia. These
metabolic disorders could explain why athero-sclerotic
diseases are endemic to most Western industrial
societies. This review detailed significant
current research and findings on the
manifestations of Cr deficiency in humans and
animal models.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 78075057
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Arteriosclerosis|*ET; Atherosclerosis|*ET/ME;
Chromium|*/ME; Deficiency Diseases|*CO/ME;
Diabetes Mellitus|*ET/ME
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Chemistry; Dietary Carbohydrates|ME;
Glucose|ME; Human; Insulin
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- ISSN
- 0038-4348
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 8 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- The effects of chromium supplementation on serum
glucose and lipids in patients with and without
non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
- Author
- Abraham AS; Brooks BA; Eylath U
- Address
- Department of Medicine B, Shaare Zedek Medical
Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
- Source
- Metabolism, 1992 Jul, 41:7, 768-71
- Abstract
- Seventy-six patients with established
atherosclerotic disease were treated daily with
either 250 micrograms of chromium orally as
chromium chloride or a placebo for a period of 7
to 16 months (mean, 11.1 months). Serum chromium
increased from 2.69 +/- 0.09 to 12.12 +/- 0.77
nmol/L (mean +/- SE, P less than .005). Serum
triglycerides were lower (1.68 +/- 0.11 and 2.10
+/- 0.14 nmol/L, respectively; P less than .02) in
the chromium-treated patients than in the patients
who received placebo, and serum high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) increased (from 0.94 +/- 0.05 to
1.14 +/- 0.07 mmol/L, P less than .005) in the
patients who received chromium. There was no
change in serum cholesterol or blood glucose
during the study.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92318771
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Blood Glucose|*AN; Chromium|BL/*PD/TU; Diabetes
Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL; Lipids|*BL
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over;
Atherosclerosis|DT; Female; Human; Lipoproteins,
HDL Cholesterol|BL; Male; Middle Age
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL;
JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0026-0495
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 9 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Is chromium supplementation effective in
managing type II diabetes?
- Author
- Hellerstein MK
- Address
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University
of California, Berkeley 94720-3104, USA.
- Source
- Nutr Rev, 1998 Oct, 56:10, 302-6
- Abstract
- The results of a recent placebo-controlled
intervention trial in China show beneficial
effects of chromium supplementation in type II
diabetes. Before extrapolating the results to
Western populations, however, large-scale
placebo-controlled studies in Westerners are
necessary to confirm the positive results.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99028504
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromium|*TU; Diabetes Mellitus,
Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DT
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Blood Glucose|DE; China; Controlled
Clinical Trials; Dietary Supplements; Human
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0029-6643
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 10 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Hair chromium content of women with gestational
diabetes compared with nondiabetic pregnant women.
- Author
- Aharoni A; Tesler B; Paltieli Y; Tal J; Dori Z;
Sharf M
- Address
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bnai-Zion
Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.
- Source
- Am J Clin Nutr, 1992 Jan, 55:1, 104-7
- Abstract
- Hair chromium concentration (HCC) of normal and
diabetic pregnant women was determined by
atomic-absorption spectroscopy. For nondiabetic
pregnant women the value from 68 hair samples was
472 +/- 61 ng/g (mean +/- 95% CI); for gestational
diabetics it was 734 +/- 155 ng/g from 42 hair
samples. The difference was highly significant (P
less than 0.005). Intermediate hair chromium
concentrations were observed in 20 pregnant women
with pregestational, overt diabetes mellitus
(mean: 575 +/- 182 ng/g). Fifty-two women had a
second hair sample taken later during pregnancy
that showed a significant decrease in HCC (P less
than 0.05). However, this decrease was confirmed
only for the diabetic pregnant group. Age and
parity did not influence the HCC. The data suggest
that impaired utilization of chromium may be a
possible etiology for gestational diabetes
mellitus.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92101914
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromium|*AN; Diabetes, Gestational|ET/*ME;
Hair|*CH; Pregnancy|*ME; Pregnancy in Diabetes|*ME
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Age Factors; Comparative Study; Female;
Human; Parity; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0002-9165
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 11 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Urinary excretion of chromium, copper, and
manganese in diabetes mellitus and associated
disorders.
- Author
- el Yazigi A; Hannan N; Raines DA
- Address
- Biological and Medical Research Department, King
Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre,
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Source
- Diabetes Res, 1991 Nov, 18:3, 129-34
- Abstract
- The urinary excretion of chromium, copper and
manganese was determined in 185 diabetics and in
an equal number of control subjects by measuring
the concentration of each of these metals using
electrothermal atomic spectrophotometry and
dividing the values by the urinary concentration
of creatinine (creat) in each subject. The mean
(SEM) values for the overall diabetics and the
control group were 2.32 (0.17) and 2.62 (0.22)
mumol Cr/mole of creat, 76.5 (5.5) and 73.9 (6.1)
mumol Cu/mole of creat, and 3.56 (0.44) and 2.66
(0.3) mumol Mn/mole of creat, respectively. There
was no correlation between the urinary excretion
of any of the metals examined and age or sex of
either group. While the cardiovascular or
ophthalmologic diseases associated with diabetes
did not influence the excretion of any of these
metals, significantly higher urinary excretion of
Cu was exhibited by diabetics with neuropathy (p
< 0.0027) or infections (p < 0.014) than by
those without. Also, diabetics with liver
disorders or those who were not treated with
insulin excreted significantly more Mn than did
their diabetic counterparts.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 93047671
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromium|*UR; Copper|*UR; Diabetes Mellitus|BL/*UR;
Manganese|*UR
- MeSH Heading
- C-Peptide|BL; Creatinine|UR; Diabetes Mellitus,
Insulin-Dependent|BL/UR; Diabetes Mellitus,
Non-Insulin-Dependent|BL/UR; Diabetic
Neuropathies|UR; Diabetic Retinopathy|UR; Female;
Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated|AN; Human; Liver
Diseases|UR; Male; Middle Age; Reference Values;
Spectrophotometry, Atomic Absorption; Trace
Elements|UR
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0265-5985
- Country of Publication
- SCOTLAND
Record 12 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Trivalent chromium, in atherosclerosis and
diabetes.
- Author
- Mossop RT
- Address
-
- Source
- Cent Afr J Med, 1991 Nov, 37:11, 369-74
- Abstract
- The known effects of trivalent chromium (Cr) in
lowering blood levels of low density lipoproteins
(LDL), raising high density lipoproteins (HDL) and
improving glucose tolerance are summarised.
Chromium deficiency cannot easily be established
by direct means, but can be inferred by the
reversal of symptoms and signs following the
administration of trivalent chromium. This
evidence can be supported by knowledge or
suspicion of a deficiency in the diet, common in
those who use highly refined cereal foods. It is
considered that the beneficial effects of chromium
repletion are now so well established and the
trivalent form is so free of toxicity that it
should now be used in clinical medicine for the
benefit of those with some forms of diabetes and
its complications and those suffering from
atherosclerosis. Of perhaps more importance is the
public health aspect, since most chromium is
discarded in the cereal refinement process, we now
have added evidence for a return to the diets in
which complex carbohydrates predominated. In those
who refuse or are unable to do this, possibly the
addition of chromium to their drinking water may
be of value.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 92217041
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Atherosclerosis|*ET; Chromium|AD/BL/*DF;
Diabetes Mellitus|*ET
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Blood Glucose|ME; Food Habits; Human;
Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins,
LDL Cholesterol|BL; Zimbabwe
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0008-9176
- Country of Publication
- ZIMBABWE
Record 13 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Chromium in a series of Portuguese plants used
in the herbal treatment of diabetes.
- Author
- Castro VR
- Address
- Escola Superior AgrÆaria (IPCB), Castelo Branco,
Portugal.
- Source
- Biol Trace Elem Res, 1998 Apr, 62:1-2, 101-6
- Abstract
- Chromium (Cr3+) is an essential micronutrient
for humans. Its main action is thought to be the
regulation of blood sugar, because chromium
deficiency is associated with diabetic-like
symptoms, and chromium supplementation is
correlated with increased glucose tolerance and
insulin sensitivity. Some Portuguese aromatic
plants are utilized as tisanes by diabetic people
as medicinal plants. Their active principle is not
yet known, and the importance of their chromium
content in the claimed therapeutic properties
should not be discarded. Therefore, determination
of chromium in some Portuguese medicinal plants
was performed by flameless atomic absorption. All
the analyzed plants contain chromium at the normal
level for this element, but the plants used to
prepare tisanes to help diabetic conditions
contain higher levels (2.2 microg/g dry wt+/-0.88;
n=11) than the others (0.88 microg/g dry
wt+/-0.18; n=17).
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98292382
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromium|*AN/TU; Diabetes Mellitus|*TH;
Medicine, Herbal|*; Plants, Medicinal|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Brazil; Human; Portugal; Spectrophotometry,
Atomic Absorption
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0163-4984
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 14 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Chromium picolinate supplementation for diabetes
mellitus.
- Author
- Fox GN; Sabovic Z
- Address
- Mercy Health System-Northern Region Family
Practice Residency, Toledo, Ohio 43624, USA.
foxgary@aol.com
- Source
- J Fam Pract, 1998 Jan, 46:1, 83-6
- Abstract
- Chromium picolinate is a widely available
nutritional supplement marketed for a plethora of
afflictions. There is some evidence, including
results from human studies, that it has a role in
glucose homeostasis. We report the case of a
28-year-old woman with an 18-year history of type
1 diabetes mellitus whose glycosylated hemoglobin
(Hb A1c) declined from 11.3% to 7.9% 3 months
after initiation of chromium picolinate, 200
micrograms 3 times daily. Chromium picolinate
continues to fall squarely within the scope of
"alternative medicine," with both
unproven benefits and unknown risks. It deserves
closer scrutiny with additional prospective,
randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled
trials to evaluate its efficacy in improving
outcomes in patients with diabetes. A brief review
of the literature was done to assist physicians
who are being called upon to counsel and treat
patients who are engaging in alternative
therapies.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98113293
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Alternative Medicine|*; Diabetes Mellitus,
Insulin-Dependent|*DT/ME; Dietary Supplements|*;
Picolinic Acids|ME/*TU
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Blood Glucose|AN; Case Report; Female;
Glucose|ME; Human
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0094-3509
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 15 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Elevated intakes of supplemental chromium
improve glucose and insulin variables in
individuals with type 2 diabetes.
- Author
- Anderson RA; Cheng N; Bryden NA; Polansky MM;
Cheng N; Chi J; Feng J
- Address
- Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, U.S.
Department of Agriculture, Maryland 20705-2350,
USA. anderson@307.bhnrc.usda.gov
- Source
- Diabetes, 1997 Nov, 46:11, 1786-91
- Abstract
- Chromium is an essential nutrient involved in
normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. The
chromium requirement is postulated to increase
with increased glucose intolerance and diabetes.
The objective of this study was to test the
hypothesis that the elevated intake of
supplemental chromium is involved in the control
of type 2 diabetes. Individuals being treated for
type 2 diabetes (180 men and women) were divided
randomly into three groups and supplemented with:
1) placebo, 2) 1.92 micromol (100 microg) Cr as
chromium picolinate two times per day, or 3) 9.6
micromol (500 microg) Cr two times per day.
Subjects continued to take their normal
medications and were instructed not to change
their normal eating and living habits. HbA1c
values improved significantly after 2 months in
the group receiving 19.2 pmol (1,000 microg) Cr
per day and was lower in both chromium groups
after 4 months (placebo, 8.5 +/- 0.2%; 3.85
micromol Cr, 7.5 +/- 0.2%; 19.2 micromol Cr, 6.6
+/- 0.1%). Fasting glucose was lower in the
19.2-micromol group after 2 and 4 months (4-month
values: placebo, 8.8 +/- 0.3 mmol/l; 19.2 micromol
Cr, 7.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/l). Two-hour glucose values
were also significantly lower for the subjects
consuming 19.2 micromol supplemental Cr after both
2 and 4 months (4-month values: placebo, 12.3 +/-
0.4 mmo/l; 19.2 micromol Cr, 10.5 +/- 0.2 mmol/l).
Fasting and 2-h insulin values decreased
significantly in both groups receiving
supplemental chromium after 2 and 4 months. Plasma
total cholesterol also decreased after 4 months in
the subjects receiving 19.2 micromol/day Cr. These
data demonstrate that supplemental chromium had
significant beneficial effects on HbA1c, glucose,
insulin, and cholesterol variables in subjects
with type 2 diabetes. The beneficial effects of
chromium in individuals with diabetes were
observed at levels higher than the upper limit of
the Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary
Intake.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 98016104
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Blood Glucose|DE/*ME; Chromium|*TU; Diabetes
Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*BL/*DT;
Insulin|*BL/SE
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Aged; Fasting; Female; Hemoglobin A,
Glycosylated|AN; Human; Male; Middle Age;
Picolinic Acids|TU; Placebos; Postprandial Period;
Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED
CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 0012-1797
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 16 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Trivalent chromium and the diabetes prevention
program.
- Author
- Linday LA
- Address
- College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York,
NY, USA.
- Source
- Med Hypotheses, 1997 Jul, 49:1, 47-9
- Abstract
- The Diabetes Prevention Program is a new, 150
million dollar, NIH-sponsored study designed to
determine whether non-insulin-dependent diabetes
mellitus can be prevented or delayed in persons
with impaired glucose tolerance. Four thousand
subjects will be randomly assigned to one of four
study groups and followed for 4.5 years. Study
groups include intensive lifestyle intervention
with diet and exercise; metformin (Glucophage) or
troglitazone (an investigational drug) with
standard diet and exercise; and a control group.
Insulin resistance is an important pathogenic
factor in impaired glucose tolerance. Trivalent
chromium, a dietary supplement that potentiates
the action of insulin, was not included in the
program. Like metformin and troglitazone,
trivalent chromium decreases insulin resistance
and has an acceptable side-effect profile;
furthermore, it is available at a fraction of
their cost. Trivalent chromium should have been
included in the Diabetes Prevention Program; it is
unfortunate that it was omitted.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97391100
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromium|AE/*PD; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|ET/*PC
- MeSH Heading
- Alternative Medicine; Chromans|PD; Clinical
Protocols; Diet; Exercise; Glucose Intolerance|CO/DT;
Human; Hypoglycemic Agents|PD; Metformin|PD;
Safety; Thiazoles|PD
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED
CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
- ISSN
- 0306-9877
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 17 from
database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Age-related decreases in chromium levels in
51,665 hair, sweat, and serum samples from 40,872
patients--implications for the prevention of
cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes
mellitus.
- Author
- Davies S; McLaren Howard J; Hunnisett A; Howard
M
- Address
- Biolab Medical Unit, London, England.
- Source
- Metabolism, 1997 May, 46:5, 469-73
- Abstract
- This report shows, for the first time using
modern analytical techniques, highly significant
age-related decreases in chromium levels in 51,665
hair, sweat, and serum samples obtained from
40,872 patients referred by their physicians to an
independent medical research clinic and laboratory
(r = -.598 to -.762, P < .0001 for all
correlations). Males were found to have
significantly lower mean chromium levels than
females (P < .05 to .0001). There was good
correlation between chromium levels in hair,
sweat, and serum (r = .536 to .729, P < .0001
for all correlations), indicating that hair and
sweat chromium levels are valid additions to the
serum levels in assessing chromium status.
Chromium measurements in sweat, hair, and serum
were performed using graphite furnace atomic
absorption spectrophotometry. The influences that
age-related decreases in chromium levels might
have on increasing the risk to develop age-related
impaired glucose metabolism, disordered lipid
metabolism, coronary heart disease,
arteriosclerosis, and type II diabetes mellitus
are outlined, and the role that refined
carbohydrates play in the development of
compromised chromium status is presented.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 97304446
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Aging|*ME; Cardiovascular Diseases|*PC;
Chromium|*AN/*BL; Diabetes Mellitus,
Non-Insulin-Dependent|*PC; Hair|*CH; Sweat|*CH
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over;
Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Human; Infant;
Male; Middle Age; Sex Characteristics
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0026-0495
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
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