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55 Scientific Studies Mentioning Butter

 

Search Results

 

Results for your query on September 23:
Words in title only: butter
Published in 1966 through 1999
Only select references with abstracts available
Show references published in English only
Show references pertaining to humans

Documents: 1 to 55 of 55

1

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Wood R, et al; Effect of butter, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched butter, trans fatty acid margarine, and zero trans fatty acid margarine on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men. (J Lipid Res, 1993 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

2 Kris Etherton PM, et al; The role of fatty acid saturation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins: I. Effects of whole food diets high in cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, dairy butter, and milk chocolate on the plasma lipids of young men [see comments] (Metabolism, 1993 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
3 Slama G, et al; Low-fat (41%) butter use decreases butter lipid intake over 4-week trials in healthy persons. (Appetite, 1995 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
4 Johnson PE, et al; 65Copper absorption by women fed intrinsically and extrinsically labeled goose meat, goose liver, peanut butter and sunflower butter. (J Nutr, 1988 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
5 Wood R, et al; Effect of butter, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched butter, trans fatty acid margarine, and zero trans fatty acid margarine on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men. (J Lipid Res, 1993 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
6 Kris Etherton PM, et al; The role of fatty acid saturation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins: I. Effects of whole food diets high in cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, dairy butter, and milk chocolate on the plasma lipids of young men [see comments] (Metabolism, 1993 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
7 Almendingen K, et al; Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and butter on serum lipoproteins and Lp[a] in men. (J Lipid Res, 1995 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
8 OCallaghan D, et al; Are butter and cheese rich in monounsaturates beneficial in hyperlipidaemic patients? (J Cardiovasc Risk, 1996 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
9 Singh RB, et al; Association of trans fatty acids (vegetable ghee) and clarified butter (Indian ghee) intake with higher risk of coronary artery disease in rural and urban populations with low fat consumption. (Int J Cardiol, 1996 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
10

Menu Position #10

Kozima Y, et al; Impaired fibrinolytic activity induced by ingestion of butter: effect of increased plasma lipids on the fibrinolytic activity. (Thromb Res, 1993 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

11 Vorster HH, et al; Effects of graded sucrose additions on taste preference, acceptability, glycemic index, and insulin response to butter beans. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1987 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
12 Halvorsen B, et al; Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil and butter on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification in men. (Eur J Clin Nutr, 1996 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
13 Tiernan E, et al; Butter in the initial treatment of hot tar burns. (Burns, 1993 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
14 Villarroel M, et al; Chilean hazelnut butter, a new alternative for consumers. (Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 1993 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
15 Mascioli EA, et al; Lipidemic effects of an interesterified mixture of butter, medium-chain triacylglycerol and safflower oils. (Lipids, 1999 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
16 MacDougall DE, et al; Effect of butter compared with tallow consumption on postprandial oxidation of myristic and palmitic acids. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
17 Almendingen K, et al; Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and butter on hemostatic variables in men. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1996 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
18 Chisholm A, et al; Effect on lipoprotein profile of replacing butter with margarine in a low fat diet: randomised crossover study with hypercholesterolaemic subjects [published erratum appears in BMJ 1996 May 11;312(7040):1203] (BMJ, 1996 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
19 Slama G, et al; Low-fat (41%) butter consumption decreases total energy and lipid intake in diabetic patients under acute conditions. (Appetite, 1995 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
20

Menu Position #20

Tella A; Preliminary studies on nasal decongestant activity from the seed of the shea butter tree, Butyrospermum parkii. (Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1979 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

21 Becker CC, et al; Effects of butter oil blends with increased concentrations of stearic, oleic and linolenic acid on blood lipids in young adults. (Eur J Clin Nutr, 1999 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
22 Seppänen Laakso T, et al; Replacement of butter on bread by rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil-containing margarine: effects on plasma fatty acid composition and serum cholesterol. (Br J Nutr, 1992 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
23 Greene KS, et al; Effects of peanut butter on ruminating. (Am J Ment Retard, 1991 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
24 Mitchell DC, et al; Digestibility of cocoa butter and corn oil in human subjects: a preliminary study. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1989 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
25 Cox C, et al; Effects of coconut oil, butter, and safflower oil on lipids and lipoproteins in persons with moderately elevated cholesterol levels. (J Lipid Res, 1995 Aug, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
26 Franceschi S, et al; Food groups, oils and butter, and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. (Br J Cancer, 1999 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
27 Mikkelsen H, et al; Hypersensitivity reactions to food colours with special reference to the natural colour annatto extract (butter colour). (Arch Toxicol Suppl, 1978, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
28 Tschape H, et al; Verotoxinogenic Citrobacter freundii associated with severe gastroenteritis and cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a nursery school: green butter as the infection source. (Epidemiol Infect, 1995 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
29 Clayton MC, et al; No ice, no butter. Advice on management of burns for primary care physicians. (Postgrad Med, 1995 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
30

Menu Position #30

Wardlaw GM, et al; Relative effects on serum lipids and apolipoproteins of a caprenin-rich diet compared with diets rich in palm oil/palm-kernel oil or butter. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1995 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

31 Koga T, et al; Effects of dietary butter fat on fecal bile acid excretion in patients with Crohn's disease on elemental diet. (Dig Dis Sci, 1984 Nov, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
32 Ramesh A, et al; Rapid preconcentration method for the determination of pyrethroid insecticides in vegetable oils and butter fat and simultaneous determination by gas chromatography-electron capture detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. (Analyst, 1998 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
33 Prättälä R, et al; Perceptions of spreading fats among women in Helsinki whose households use only butter or margarine. (Appetite, 1992 Jun, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
34 Jacotot B, et al; Comparative effects of canbra oil and butter on lipdemia, vitamin A tolerance and thrombosis factors in man. (J Med, 1978, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
35 Kabir H, et al; Comparative vitamin B-6 bioavailability from tuna, whole wheat bread and peanut butter in humans. (J Nutr, 1983 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
36 Oakley FR, et al; Postprandial effects of an oleic acid-rich oil compared with butter on clotting factor VII and fibrinolysis in healthy men. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1998 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
37 Gatti E, et al; Differential effect of unsaturated oils and butter on blood glucose and insulin response to carbohydrate in normal volunteers. (Eur J Clin Nutr, 1992 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
38 Bosaeus I, et al; Olive oil instead of butter increases net cholesterol excretion from the small bowel. (Eur J Clin Nutr, 1992 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
39 Cox C, et al; Effects of dietary coconut oil, butter and safflower oil on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and lathosterol levels. (Eur J Clin Nutr, 1998 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
40

Menu Position #40

Mathias CG; Contact urticaria from peanut butter. (Contact Dermatitis, 1983 Jan, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

41 Judd JT, et al; Effects of margarine compared with those of butter on blood lipid profiles related to cardiovascular disease risk factors in normolipemic adults fed controlled diets. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1998 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
42 Denke MA; Effects of cocoa butter on serum lipids in humans: historical highlights. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1994 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
43 Fouad FM, et al; Chemical and epidemiological aspects of modified butter oil fractions. (J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, 1998 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
44 Randall BB, et al; Peanut butter and fatal fluoride poisoning. A case of mistaken identity. (Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 1994 Mar, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
45 Hussi E, et al; Lack of serum cholesterol-lowering effect of skimmed milk and butter milk under controlled conditions. (Atherosclerosis, 1981 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
46 Waliszewski SM, et al; Organochlorine pesticide residues in cow's milk and butter in Mexico. (Sci Total Environ, 1997 Dec, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
47 Kozima Y, et al; Impaired fibrinolytic activity induced by ingestion of butter: effect of increased plasma lipids on the fibrinolytic activity. (Thromb Res, 1993 Apr, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
48 Hariharan K, et al; Influence of partial replacement of butter fat with peanut oil (in infant formula) on erythrocyte fatty acids in infants. (Indian J Exp Biol, 1997 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
49 Tiernan E, et al; Butter in the initial treatment of hot tar burns. (Burns, 1993 Oct, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
50

Menu Position #50

Villarroel M, et al; Chilean hazelnut butter, a new alternative for consumers. (Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 1993 Sep, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]

51 Dabholkar NA, et al; Effect of fermented (butter milk) food on fibrinolytic activity. (Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 1975 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
52 Zock PL, et al; Butter, margarine and serum lipoproteins. (Atherosclerosis, 1997 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
53 Kreidler PL, et al; Margarine and butter purchases of southern households. (J Am Diet Assoc, 1980 Jul, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
54 Wardlaw GM, et al; Effect of diets high in butter, corn oil, or high-oleic acid sunflower oil on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in men. (Am J Clin Nutr, 1990 May, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]
55 Trevisan M, et al; Consumption of olive oil, butter, and vegetable oils and coronary heart disease risk factors. The Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council [published erratum appears in JAMA 1990 Apr;263(13):1768] [see comments] (JAMA, 1990 Feb, Abstract available) [MEDLINE]


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Record 1 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of butter, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched butter, trans fatty acid margarine, and zero trans fatty acid margarine on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men.
Author
Wood R; Kubena K; OBrien B; Tseng S; Martin G
Address
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2128.
Source
J Lipid Res, 1993 Jan, 34:1, 1-11
Abstract
The effect of diets containing 50% of fat calories from butter, butter enriched with mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and margarines with and without trans fatty acids on the serum lipids of 38 healthy men in a free-living condition have been determined. Serum lipid responses to the high level of individual dietary fats were unexpectedly small. The butter diet produced a small, but significant rise (5%) in the total serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, relative to all other diets. Enrichment of butter with either olive oil (50/50) or sunflower oil (50/50) failed to reduce serum lipid levels below habitual diet values. Hard margarine, containing 29% trans fatty acids, caused a decrease in apolipoprotein A-I and B levels, but did not change total serum cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol levels, relative to habitual diet values. A soft margarine, high in linoleate, with no trans fatty acids reduced total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B significantly, relative to all diets. Soft margarine high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels remained unchanged, but apolipoprotein A-I values were decreased relative to habitual and butter diets. The quantities of saturated fatty acids and the sum of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids consumed on the hard and soft margarines were equal; therefore, the different response of serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol between these two diets is attributable to the trans fatty acids in the hard margarine. The data indicate that trans fatty acids are not metabolically equivalent to the natural cis isomers and that they affect the serum lipid profile adversely.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93187543

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Dietary Fats|*AD; Lipids|*BL; Lipoproteins|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Apolipoproteins|BL; Butter; Comparative Study; Fatty Acids|BL; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated|AD/CH; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated|AD/CH; Human; Male; Margarine; Middle Age; Phospholipids|BL; Stereoisomerism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0022-2275
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 2 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The role of fatty acid saturation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins: I. Effects of whole food diets high in cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, dairy butter, and milk chocolate on the plasma lipids of young men [see comments]
Author
Kris Etherton PM; Derr J; Mitchell DC; Mustad VA; Russell ME; McDonnell ET; Salabsky D; Pearson TA
Address
Department of Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
Source
Metabolism, 1993 Jan, 42:1, 121-9
Abstract
The present studies were conducted to evaluate the cholesterolemic effects of whole-food diets high in stearic acid. In study no. 1, normocholesterolemic young men were fed diets high in stearic acid provided by cocoa butter (CB); oleic acid provided by olive oil (OO); linoleic acid provided by soybean oil (SO); and myristic acid (and lauric acid) provided by dairy butter (B). In study no. 2, different subjects with similar baseline characteristics were fed diets high in stearic acid provided by milk chocolate (C), CB, CB+B (4:1, MIX), and myristic (and lauric) acid provided by B. Both studies used a randomized, crossover, double-blind experimental design, and experimental subjects (n = 18 for study no. 1 and n = 15 for study no. 2) in each study consumed every diet for 26 days with a 1-month wash-out period between each experimental period. The diets provided 37% of calories from fat, of which 81% was provided by the test fat. Ten ounces (280 g) C was provided daily by the C diet. In study no. 1, the B diet was hypercholesterolemic, whereas the SO diet was hypocholesterolemic, compared with the other diets. The OO and SO diets were hypocholesterolemic compared with the CB diet. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, in general, paralleled the changes in plasma total cholesterol levels. SO significantly decreased apolipoprotein (apo) B levels compared with the other diets. Plasma very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apo A-I levels were unaffected by the experimental diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93188717

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Apolipoproteins|*ME; Dietary Fats|*PD; Fatty Acids|*BL; Lipids|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Butter; Cacao; Comparative Study; Double-Blind Method; Human; Lipoproteins|BL; Male; Plant Oils|PD; Soybean Oil|PD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0026-0495
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 3 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Low-fat (41%) butter use decreases butter lipid intake over 4-week trials in healthy persons.
Author
Slama G; Rossi F; Bellisle F; Fiquet P; Chappuis AS; Desplanque N; Laffitte A
Address
Department of Diabetes, HÈotel-Dieu, Paris, France.
Source
Appetite, 1995 Oct, 25:2, 127-31
Abstract
All members of 18 families (n = 75; ages from 1 to 65 years) participated in a cross-over study of butter usage. Two types of butter were compared: regular (82%) fat) and low-fat (41%) butter. Butter was supplied to the families by the laboratory for use in raw (spread) form over two successive periods of 5 weeks (first week served as training). No other butter was allowed. The number of consumers (75) remained constant throughout the study. Over four consecutive weeks, the families consumed as much low-fat as regular butter (10.70 +/- 1 g versus 10.06 +/- 1.17 g per day per person). However, lipid intake from butter was significantly reduced during the low-fat butter period as compared to the regular butter period (4.39 +/- 0.41 g versus 8.25 +/- 0.96 g per day per person, p = 0.0005). Since previous studies showed that nutrient-specific compensatory intake is unlikely, it is suggested that use of low-fat butter can facilitate a reduction in fat intake over extended periods of time in healthy persons.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96119669

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Diet, Fat-Restricted|*; Dietary Fats|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Human; Infant; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0195-6663
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 4 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
65Copper absorption by women fed intrinsically and extrinsically labeled goose meat, goose liver, peanut butter and sunflower butter.
Author
Johnson PE; Stuart MA; Hunt JR; Mullen L; Starks TL
Address
United States Department of Agriculture, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, ND 58202.
Source
J Nutr, 1988 Dec, 118:12, 1522-8
Abstract
Absorption of stable 65Cu incorporated intrinsically or extrinsically into foods was studied in women fed a diet marginal in Cu content. Isotopic enrichment was 73.1 +/- 1.0 atom percent 65Cu in goose breast meat, 74.9 +/- 0.5 atom percent in goose liver, and 55-69.5 atom percent in two crops of peanuts. Seven women were fed a basal diet containing 1.25 mg Cu/d. At 4-wk intervals, they were fed test meals over a 3-d period; each set of meals contained one of the labeled test foods in amounts with similar copper content. Absorption of 65Cu from intrinsically labeled liver was (mean +/- SD) 65 +/- 4%; extrinsic liver, 65 +/- 10%; E/I = 1.00 +/- 0.16. 65Cu absorption from intrinsically labeled goose breast meat was 54 +/- 6%; extrinsic meat, 52 +/- 10%; E/I = 0.97 +/- 0.18. 65Cu absorption from intrinsically labeled peanut butter was 58 +/- 15%; extrinsic peanut butter, 54 +/- 10%; E/I = 0.93 +/- 0.11. 65Cu absorption from extrinsically labeled sunflower butter was 50 +/- 2%. There were no differences in absorption of intrinsic and extrinsic Cu from these foods. Absorption of Cu was significantly higher from goose liver than from goose meat or sunflower butter (P less than 0.05). With a dietary intake of 1.25 +/- 0.20 mg Cu/d, Cu balance, exclusive of surface losses, was essentially zero (0.01 +/- 0.13 mg/d) in the seven subjects.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
89094516

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Copper|AD/*PK; Dietary Fats|*AD/ME; Dietary Proteins|*AD/ME
MeSH Heading
Animal; Biological Availability; Diet; Feces|AN; Female; Food Analysis; Geese; Helianthus; Human; Intestinal Absorption; Isotopes|AD; Meat Products; Middle Age; Peanuts; Spectrophotometry|MT; Spectrum Analysis, Mass

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0022-3166
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 5 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of butter, mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched butter, trans fatty acid margarine, and zero trans fatty acid margarine on serum lipids and lipoproteins in healthy men.
Author
Wood R; Kubena K; OBrien B; Tseng S; Martin G
Address
Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-2128.
Source
J Lipid Res, 1993 Jan, 34:1, 1-11
Abstract
The effect of diets containing 50% of fat calories from butter, butter enriched with mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and margarines with and without trans fatty acids on the serum lipids of 38 healthy men in a free-living condition have been determined. Serum lipid responses to the high level of individual dietary fats were unexpectedly small. The butter diet produced a small, but significant rise (5%) in the total serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, relative to all other diets. Enrichment of butter with either olive oil (50/50) or sunflower oil (50/50) failed to reduce serum lipid levels below habitual diet values. Hard margarine, containing 29% trans fatty acids, caused a decrease in apolipoprotein A-I and B levels, but did not change total serum cholesterol or LDL-cholesterol levels, relative to habitual diet values. A soft margarine, high in linoleate, with no trans fatty acids reduced total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B significantly, relative to all diets. Soft margarine high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels remained unchanged, but apolipoprotein A-I values were decreased relative to habitual and butter diets. The quantities of saturated fatty acids and the sum of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids consumed on the hard and soft margarines were equal; therefore, the different response of serum cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol between these two diets is attributable to the trans fatty acids in the hard margarine. The data indicate that trans fatty acids are not metabolically equivalent to the natural cis isomers and that they affect the serum lipid profile adversely.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93187543

Return To Top


MeSH Heading (Major)
Dietary Fats|*AD; Lipids|*BL; Lipoproteins|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Apolipoproteins|BL; Butter; Comparative Study; Fatty Acids|BL; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated|AD/CH; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated|AD/CH; Human; Male; Margarine; Middle Age; Phospholipids|BL; Stereoisomerism; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0022-2275
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 6 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
The role of fatty acid saturation on plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins: I. Effects of whole food diets high in cocoa butter, olive oil, soybean oil, dairy butter, and milk chocolate on the plasma lipids of young men [see comments]
Author
Kris Etherton PM; Derr J; Mitchell DC; Mustad VA; Russell ME; McDonnell ET; Salabsky D; Pearson TA
Address
Department of Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
Source
Metabolism, 1993 Jan, 42:1, 121-9
Abstract
The present studies were conducted to evaluate the cholesterolemic effects of whole-food diets high in stearic acid. In study no. 1, normocholesterolemic young men were fed diets high in stearic acid provided by cocoa butter (CB); oleic acid provided by olive oil (OO); linoleic acid provided by soybean oil (SO); and myristic acid (and lauric acid) provided by dairy butter (B). In study no. 2, different subjects with similar baseline characteristics were fed diets high in stearic acid provided by milk chocolate (C), CB, CB+B (4:1, MIX), and myristic (and lauric) acid provided by B. Both studies used a randomized, crossover, double-blind experimental design, and experimental subjects (n = 18 for study no. 1 and n = 15 for study no. 2) in each study consumed every diet for 26 days with a 1-month wash-out period between each experimental period. The diets provided 37% of calories from fat, of which 81% was provided by the test fat. Ten ounces (280 g) C was provided daily by the C diet. In study no. 1, the B diet was hypercholesterolemic, whereas the SO diet was hypocholesterolemic, compared with the other diets. The OO and SO diets were hypocholesterolemic compared with the CB diet. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels, in general, paralleled the changes in plasma total cholesterol levels. SO significantly decreased apolipoprotein (apo) B levels compared with the other diets. Plasma very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and apo A-I levels were unaffected by the experimental diets.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93188717

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Apolipoproteins|*ME; Dietary Fats|*PD; Fatty Acids|*BL; Lipids|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Butter; Cacao; Comparative Study; Double-Blind Method; Human; Lipoproteins|BL; Male; Plant Oils|PD; Soybean Oil|PD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0026-0495
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 7 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and butter on serum lipoproteins and Lp[a] in men.
Author
Almendingen K; Jordal O; Kierulf P; Sandstad B; Pedersen JI
Address
Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Norway.
Source
J Lipid Res, 1995 Jun, 36:6, 1370-84
Abstract
We have compared the effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO-diet), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO-diet), and butterfat (butter-diet) on serum lipids and lipoprotein[a] in 31 young men. The three test margarines, which contributed 78% of total fat in the diets, were produced from 70% of butterfat, PHSO, or PHFO, each with 30% of soybean oil. Fat provided about 35% of energy, and trans fatty acids 0.9%, 8.5%, and 8.0% of energy in the butter-, the PHSO-, and the PHFO-diet, respectively. Dietary cholesterol was balanced by the addition of dried egg powder to the PHSO- and the butter-diet; thus all diets contained 420 mg dietary cholesterol per 10 MJ per day. The subjects consumed all three test diets for 19-21 days in a random order (crossover design). The serum levels of total and LDL-cholesterol were significantly elevated on the PHFO-diet (mean values 5.42 and 3.94 mmol/L, respectively) compared to the PHSO-diet (5.11 and 3.58 mmol/L, respectively) but not different from those on the butter-diet (5.32 and 3.81 mmol/L, respectively). LDL-cholesterol was significantly reduced on the PHSO-diet compared to the butter-diet. The level of HDL-cholesterol was significantly lower on the PHFO-diet (0.98 mmol/L) when compared to the butter-diet (1.05 mmol/L) and with border-line significance compared to the PHSO-diet (1.05 mmol/L). The ratio of LDL- to HDL-cholesterol was significantly higher on the PHFO-diet (4.20) when compared to both other test diets (3.85 and 3.65, respectively). No significant differences in triglyceride values were observed. Lp[a] increased and apoA-I decreased significantly after consumption of both the PHSO-diet and the PHFO-diet, compared to the butter-diet. In conclusion, our results indicate that consumption of PHFO may unfavorably affect lipid risk indicators for coronary heart disease at least to the same extent as butterfat. To what extent the observed effects are due to the content of monoene trans, diene trans, or to the long chain saturated fatty acids in PHFO remains to be elucidated.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
95395394

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Dietary Fats|AD/*PD; Fish Oils|AD/CH/*PD; Lipoprotein(a)|*BL; Lipoproteins|*BL; Soybean Oil|AD/CH/*PD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Apolipoprotein A-I|ME; Apolipoproteins B|BL; Comparative Study; Cross-Over Studies; Human; Hydrogenation; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Male; Middle Age; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0022-2275
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 8 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Are butter and cheese rich in monounsaturates beneficial in hyperlipidaemic patients?
Author
OCallaghan D; Stanton A; Rafferty S; Canton M; Murphy J; Harrington D; Connolly B; Horgan J
Address
Department of Cardiology, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Source
J Cardiovasc Risk, 1996 Oct, 3:5, 441-5
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Reduction in intake of dairy products has long been recommended to reduce blood lipids. The value of monounsaturated fatty acids is increasingly recognized. METHODS: We evaluated the effects of a monounsaturate-rich butter and cheese (B) produced by modifying the bovine diet on blood lipid levels of patients with type IIa hyperlipidaemia. We compared their effects with those of normal butter and cheese (A) and polyunsaturate-rich spread and cheese (C). Using a double cross-over design, we studied 30 patients of mean age 56.4 years (23 men, one woman excluded) over 6-week periods. RESULTS: Approximately 35.5 g/day butter/cheese were consumed; no changes in serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein (a) or cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio were observed. HDL levels were higher in B(1.31 mmol/l) than in C (1.22 mmol/l; P < 0.05) and similar to those in A (1.28 mmol/l). HDL2 levels were higher in patients fed diet A(0.23 mmol/l) than they were in those fed diet C (0.19 mmol/l; P < 0.05) and similar to those in patients fed diet B (0.20 mmol/l). Serum HDL3 was significantly higher in patients fed diet B (1.11 mmol/l) than in those fed diet C (1.03 mmol/l; P < 0.05) but similar to that in patients fed diet A (1.06 mmol/l). CONCLUSIONS: Moderate intake of modified dairy products may be of value and deserves further evaluation.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
97200324

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cholesterol|*BL; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated|*AD; Hypercholesterolemia|BL/*DH; Lipoproteins, HDL|*BL; Lipoproteins, LDL|*BL
MeSH Heading
Butter; Cheese; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Human; Male; Margarine; Middle Age

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
1350-6277
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 9 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Association of trans fatty acids (vegetable ghee) and clarified butter (Indian ghee) intake with higher risk of coronary artery disease in rural and urban populations with low fat consumption.
Author
Singh RB; Niaz MA; Ghosh S; Beegom R; Rastogi V; Sharma JP; Dube GK
Address
Heart Research Laboratory, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, India.
Source
Int J Cardiol, 1996 Oct, 56:3, 289-98; discussion 299-300
Abstract
These cross-sectional surveys included 1769 rural (894 men and 875 women) and 1806 urban (904 men and 902 women) randomly selected subjects between 25-64 years of age from Moradabad in North India. The total prevalence of coronary artery disease based on clinical history and electrocardiogram was significantly higher in urban compared to rural men (11.0 vs. 3.9%) and women (6.9 vs. 2.6%), respectively. Food consumption patterns showed that important differences in relation to coronary artery disease were higher intake of total visible fat, milk and milk products, meat, eggs, sugar and jaggery in urban compared to rural subjects. Prevalence of coronary artery disease in relation to visible fat intake showed a higher prevalence rate with higher visible fat intake in both sexes and the trend was significant for total prevalence rates both for rural and urban men and women. Subgroup analysis among urban (694 men and 694 women) and rural (442 men and 435 women) subjects consuming moderate to high fat diets showed that subjects eating trans fatty acids plus clarified butter or those consuming clarified butter as total visible fat had a significantly higher prevalence of coronary artery disease compared to those consuming clarified butter plus vegetable oils in both rural (9.8, 7.1 vs. 3.0%) and urban (16.2, 13.5 vs. 11.0%) men as well as in rural (9.2, 4.5 vs. 1.5%) and urban (10.7, 8.8 vs. 6.4%) women. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis with adjustment for age showed that sedentariness in women, body mass index in urban men and women, milk and clarified butter plus trans fatty acids in both rural and urban in both sexes were significantly associated with coronary artery disease. It is possible that lower intake of total visible fat (20 g/day), decreased intake of milk, increased physical activity and cessation of smoking may benefit some populations in the prevention of coronary artery disease.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
97066594

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Coronary Disease|*EP/PC; Dietary Fats|*AE; Food Habits|*; Rural Population|*; Urban Population|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Analysis of Variance; Butter; Comparative Study; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Female; Human; India|EP; Life Style; Male; Middle Age; Multivariate Analysis; Odds Ratio; Plant Oils; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0167-5273
Country of Publication
IRELAND

Record 10 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Impaired fibrinolytic activity induced by ingestion of butter: effect of increased plasma lipids on the fibrinolytic activity.
Author
Kozima Y; Urano T; Serizawa K; Takada Y; Takada A
Address
Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka-ken, Japan.
Source
Thromb Res, 1993 Apr, 70:2, 191-202
Abstract
To investigate the effects of the increased plasma lipid level on fibrinolysis, we measured the levels of fibrinolytic components in serially obtained plasma samples from healthy volunteers after the intake of different amounts of butter. Plasma triglyceride level increased significantly after butter intake compared to the control group. Eight hours after the intake of 100g of butter, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) level in plasma was significantly higher and euglobulin clot lysis time was significantly prolonged compared to those of the control group. There was no effect on plasma tissue plasminogen activator level. These results suggest that the temporary increase in plasma triglyceride level induced high PAI-1 level, resulting in impaired fibrinolytic activity. The effect of temporary hyperlipidemia on platelet function was also analyzed and revealed that the response of platelets to ADP and collagen was lower in the butter intake group compared to those of the control.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93310779

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*AE; Dietary Fats|*AE; Fibrinolysis|*DE; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1|*AN; Triglycerides|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Human; Hypertriglyceridemia|BL/CI; Male; Platelet Aggregation|DE; Tissue Plasminogen Activator|AN

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0049-3848
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 11 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of graded sucrose additions on taste preference, acceptability, glycemic index, and insulin response to butter beans.
Author
Vorster HH; van Tonder E; Kotzé JP; Walker AR
Address
 
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1987 Mar, 45:3, 575-9
Abstract
Dried beans, because of their high-fiber content and low-glycemic index, are especially suitable for diabetic diets. Most South African bean recipes contain sucrose, and since a restriction of artificial sweeteners seems desirable, replacing sucrose would be impractical. Hence, we examined the effects of 10, 20, and 30% sucrose additions to cooked dried butter beans on taste preference and acceptability in 29 diabetic patients and 11 control subjects. The effect of sucrose additions on glycemic index and insulin response to butter beans was determined in control subjects. Both diabetic and control subjects preferred beans with sucrose additions (p less than 0.005). Additions of sucrose up to 20% of total carbohydrate had no adverse effects on glycemic index or insulin response of butter beans (p less than 0.05), which indicates that addition of moderate amounts of sucrose to a low glycemic index food may improve palatability without impairing the favorable effect on blood glucose and insulin response.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
87153185

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Diabetic Diet|*; Dietary Carbohydrates|*AD; Insulin|*BL; Legumes|*; Sucrose|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Dietary Fiber|AD; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Human; Male; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Taste

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 12 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil and butter on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification in men.
Author
Halvorsen B; Almendingen K; Nenseter MS; Pedersen JI; Christiansen EN
Address
Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Norway.
Source
Eur J Clin Nutr, 1996 Jun, 50:6, 364-70
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO-diet), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO-diet) and butterfat (butter-diet) on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to in vitro oxidative modification. DESIGN: A strictly controlled, randomized, single-blind dietary study with cross-over design. SUBJECTS: Thirty-three healthy men aged from 21 to 46 years entered the study; 29 men completed the study. INTERVENTIONS: Fat provided approximately 35% of the energy intake in all three test diets, and the content of trans-fatty acids was 8.0, 8.5 and 0.9% of energy in the PHFO-, PHSO- and butter-diets, respectively. The subjects consumed all three test diets each during three weeks, in a single-blind, random order. LDL isolated from the participants given the three different diets was subjected to Cu(2+)-induced oxidation. RESULTS: No significant differences were seen on either conjugated dienes, lipid peroxides, uptake by macrophages or relative electrophoretic mobility of LDL. Vitamin E level in serum from subjects on the PHFO-diet was significantly higher compared to the two other diets. Furthermore, no significant differences were found in the composition of the LDL particle between the three diet groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that consumption of trans-fatty acids does not alter the susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96385573

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Dietary Fats|*PD; Fish Oils|*PD; Lipid Peroxidation|*; Lipoproteins, LDL|*BL; Soybean Oil|*PD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Copper|ME; Cross-Over Studies; Energy Intake; Human; Hydrogenation; Macrophages|ME; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vitamin E|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0954-3007
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 13 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Butter in the initial treatment of hot tar burns.
Author
Tiernan E; Harris A
Address
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Source
Burns, 1993 Oct, 19:5, 437-8
Abstract
Hot tar adheres to skin and produces burns of variable depth. Removal of the tar is not essential but it improves patient comfort and allows early assessment of the underlying tissue damage. Butter is readily available and is an effective method of removing the adherent tar.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94030529

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Burns|ET/*TH; Construction Materials|*; Facial Injuries|ET/*TH
MeSH Heading
Accidents, Occupational; Adult; Butter; Case Report; Human; Male

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0305-4179
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 14 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Chilean hazelnut butter, a new alternative for consumers.
Author
Villarroel M; Biolly E; San Martin S; Estrada G
Address
Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontere, Temuco, Chile.
Source
Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 1993 Sep, 44:2, 131-6
Abstract
Four formulations of Chilean hazelnut butter were prepared containing Chilean hazelnut paste and 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% margarine. As the level of margarine was increased to 20%, the protein and crude fiber content decreased markedly, while those of moisture, crude fat and calories increased. After 90 days of storage, neither the samples stored at 5 degrees C nor those stored at 15 degrees C showed any objectionable effects both from the bacteriological and chemical point of view. Sensory analyses, including quality and acceptability studies, were performed on the various blends. Flavor, color and taste were improved by the addition of margarine to the butter formulas. It is concluded, therefore, that Chilean hazelnut butter represents a new and interesting alternative for human nourishment.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93391308

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Food Technology|*; Margarine|*; Nuts|*
MeSH Heading
Chile; Color; Food Preservation; Human; Nutritive Value; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Taste; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0921-9668
Country of Publication
NETHERLANDS

Record 15 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Lipidemic effects of an interesterified mixture of butter, medium-chain triacylglycerol and safflower oils.
Author
Mascioli EA; McLennan CE; Schaefer EJ; Lichtenstein AH; H‡y CE; Christensen MS; Bistrian BR
Address
Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Edward.mascioli@parexel.com
Source
Lipids, 1999 Sep, 34:9, 889-94
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine if the positional structure of dietary triacylglycerol affected lipidemic responses. Thirty healthy adults (16 men and 14 postmenopausal women) with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations >3.37 mM (130 mg/dL) enrolled in a prospective, single-blind, cross-over outpatient clinical trial that consisted of two 5-wk dietary phases. After baseline screening, subjects were instructed to follow individualized meal plans (weight maintenance diets with 36% of total energy from fat, half of which was from a test oil) and randomized to receive either butter (B) or an interesterified mixture (IM) of butter, medium-chain triacylglycerol (MCT), and safflower oils. Blood drawn during weeks 5 and 10 of feeding was analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),LDL-C, and triacylglycerols (TAG). Mean plasma levels of TC (B, 6.98+/-1.06 mM; IM, 7.09+/-1.20 mM), HDL-C (B,1.30+/-0.35 mM; IM, 1.29+/-0.34 mM), and LDL-C (B, 4.91+/-0.95 mM; IM, 4.92+/-1.10 mM) were not significantly different between the two dietary treatments. Mean TAG levels were higher for the interesterified B-MCT mixture (B, 1.75+/-0.72 mM; IM, 1.96+/-0.86 mM, P < 0.05). We conclude that an IM of B, MCT, and safflower oils as compared to native B has no appreciable effect on plasma cholesterol concentrations but is associated with a modest rise in plasma TAG.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
20039809

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Dietary Fats|AD/*PD; Lipids|*BL; Safflower Oil|*AD; Triglycerides|*AD/CH
MeSH Heading
Adipose Tissue; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Body Composition; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Esterification; Fatty Acids|AD/CH; Female; Human; Hypercholesterolemia|BL; Male; Middle Age; Obesity|BL; Postmenopause; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0024-4201
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 16 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of butter compared with tallow consumption on postprandial oxidation of myristic and palmitic acids.
Author
MacDougall DE; Jones PJ; Kitts DD; Phang PT
Address
Division of Human Nutrition, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1996 Jun, 63:6, 918-24
Abstract
To assess the influence of dietary fat composition on rates of oxidation of dietary myristic (MA) and palmitic (PA) acids, eight healthy males consumed prepared solid-food diets for 11 d with 40% of total energy as fat. Fifty-five percent of the energy obtained in the form of fat was provided as butter or beef tallow. On days 8 and 11 of each diet cycle, 20 mg/kg body wt of either [1-(13)C]MA or [1-(13)C]PA was ingested with breakfast. Hourly breath samples were collected over 9 h thereafter and 13CO2 enrichments were determined by using isotope-ratio mass spectrometry. The percentage of [13C]MA appearing in breath carbon dioxide over 9 h was more than twofold that of PA (P < 0.01). Diet fat composition did not influence the mean (+/- SEM) percentage 13C recovered over 9 h from either labeled MA (7.1 +/- 1.0% compared with 8.6 +/- 0.9% for butter and tallow, respectively) or PA (3.3 +/- 0.7% compared with 3.0 +/- 0.9% for butter and tallow, respectively). However, net MA oxidation, calculated as the percent recovery of fatty acids in the meal, was greater (P < 0.05) after the butter (329 +/- 45 mg) than after the tallow (212 +/- 25 mg) breakfast. In contrast, no difference was observed in net oxidation of dietary PA between butter (441 +/- 99 mg) and tallow (348 +/- 95 mg) meals. In conclusion, there was no effect of varying the dietary content of MA and PA on fractional oxidation; consequently, net oxidation of these fatty acids was proportional to their concentration within the diet.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96237781

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Eating|*PH; Fats|ME/*PD; Myristic Acids|*ME; Palmitic Acids|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Carbon Dioxide|AN; Carbon Isotopes; Comparative Study; Cross-Over Studies; Human; Male; Oxidation-Reduction; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 17 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, and butter on hemostatic variables in men.
Author
Almendingen K; Seljeflot I; Sandstad B; Pedersen JI
Address
Institute for Nutrition Research, University of Oslo, Norway.
Source
Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 1996 Mar, 16:3, 375-80
Abstract
We have compared the effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil (PHFO diet), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PHSO diet), and butterfat (butter diet) on fibrinolytic and coagulation variables in 31 young men. The three test margarines, which contributed 78% of total fat in the diets, contained 70% butterfat, PHSO, or PHFO, each with 30% of soybean oil. Fat provided approximately 35% of energy, and the content of trans-fatty acids was 0.9%, 8.5%, and 8.0% of energy in the butter diet, PHSO diet, and PHFO diet, respectively. All diets contained 420 mg cholesterol per 10 megajoules per day. All subjects consumed all three test diets for 3 weeks, in a random order (crossover design). The PHSO diet resulted in higher levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 antigen and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 activity than the two other test diets. Fibrinogen increased on the butter diet compared with the PHFO diet. No significant differences in the levels of factor VII, fibrinopeptide A, D-dimer, tissue plasminogen activator or beta-thromboglobulin were observed between the three test diets. The PHFO and the PHSO diets have previously been shown to result in higher levels of Lp(a) compared with the butter diet. The present findings indicate that PHSO has unfavorable antifibrinolytic effects relative to PHFO and butter and that butter may be procoagulant relative to PHFO. More controlled studies are needed to assess definitely the impact of different hydrogenated fats on risk of coronary heart disease.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96206054

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Fish Oils|*PD; Hemostasis|*DE; Soybean Oil|*PD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Fibrinogen|AN; Human; Hydrogenation; Male; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1|BL; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
1079-5642
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 18 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect on lipoprotein profile of replacing butter with margarine in a low fat diet: randomised crossover study with hypercholesterolaemic subjects [published erratum appears in BMJ 1996 May 11;312(7040):1203]
Author
Chisholm A; Mann J; Sutherland W; Duncan A; Skeaff M; Frampton C
Address
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Source
BMJ, 1996 Apr, 312:7036, 931-4
Abstract
OBJECTIVE--To examine the effect on lipid and lipoprotein concentrations when butter or an unsaturated margarine is used for cooking or spreading in a reduced fat diet. DESIGN--Randomised crossover study with two intervention periods of six weeks' duration separated by a five week washout. SETTING--Community setting in New Zealand. SUBJECTS--49 volunteers with polygenic hypercholesterolaemia and baseline total cholesterol concentration in the range 5.5-7.9 mmol/l. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein, Lp(a) lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein B 100, and apolipoprotein A I. RESULTS--Concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B were about 10% lower with margarine than with butter. Lp(a) lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations were similar with the two diets. CONCLUSION--Despite concerns about adverse effects on lipoproteins of trans fatty acids in margarines, the use of unsaturated margarine rather than butter by hypercholesterolaemic people is associated with a lipoprotein profile that would be expected to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96196659

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*/AN; Diet, Fat-Restricted|*; Hypercholesterolemia|BL/*DH; Lipoproteins|*BL; Margarine|*/AN
MeSH Heading
Apolipoprotein A-I|BL; Apolipoproteins B|BL; Cross-Over Studies; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL|BL; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0959-8138
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 19 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Low-fat (41%) butter consumption decreases total energy and lipid intake in diabetic patients under acute conditions.
Author
Slama G; Rossi F; Bellisle F; Casassus P; Fiquet P; Chappuis AS; Desplanque N; Laffitte A
Address
Department of Diabetes, HÈotel-Dieu, Paris, France.
Source
Appetite, 1995 Oct, 25:2, 119-25
Abstract
Decreasing fat intake in subjects at risk of cardiovascular diseases and particularly diabetics is a major issue. To investigate whether low-fat (41%) butter (LFB) is of any benefit compared to regular butter (RB), 97 hospitalized diabetics (41 insulin-dependent) were studied on four consecutive days. Breakfast (bread, butter and drink) was served at 0830 hrs, on successive mornings. LFB and RB were presented ad libitum, on alternate days. Satiety was assessed at 10 and 12 h, using line rating scales. At 1230 hrs lunch was served, with large servings corresponding to 130% of the recommended lunch intake, so that carry-over effects from the breakfast manipulation could be measured. At breakfast, LFB was consumed in higher amounts, 27 vs. 21 g, F(1,96) = 33.24, p < 0.0001, than RB; however, the energy intake was significantly lower (by about -38%) on LFB days, F(1,96) = 158.3, p = 0.0001. Hunger at 10 h but not at 12 h was affected by breakfast conditions. Lunch intake was comparable following LFB and RB breakfasts. In conclusion, LFB utilization under acute conditions seems to benefit diabetics by reducing caloric and fat intake.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96119668

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent|*DH; Diet, Fat-Restricted|*; Dietary Fats|*AD; Energy Intake|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Female; Food Preferences|PX; Human; Hunger; Male; Middle Age; Satiety Response; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0195-6663
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 20 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Preliminary studies on nasal decongestant activity from the seed of the shea butter tree, Butyrospermum parkii.
Author
Tella A
Address
 
Source
Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1979 May, 7:5, 495-7
Abstract
1 The seed of Butyrospermum parkii yields shea butter which according to local traditional healers relieves inflammation of the nostrils. 2 Since there is as yet no absolutely satisfactory nasal decongestant in clinical use, it was decided to investigate the effects of shea butter in nasal congestion. The substance was prepared in the laboratory. 3 The human subjects used were those suffering from rhinitis with moderate to severe nasal congestion. They were divided into the test group which received shea butter, the control group which was treated with xylometazoline and the 'placebo' group which received white petroleum jelly B.P. 4 The results showed that nasal congestion was relieved more satisfactorily in the test group than in the other two groups. 5 It is concluded that shea butter may prove more efficacious in nasal congestion than conventional nasal drops.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
80000222

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Nasal Decongestants|*; Plant Extracts|AE/*PD
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Child; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Oxymetazoline|AE/PD; Seeds; Trees

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0306-5251
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 21 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of butter oil blends with increased concentrations of stearic, oleic and linolenic acid on blood lipids in young adults.
Author
Becker CC; Lund P; H‡lmer G; Jensen H; Sandström B
Address
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Center for Food Research, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby.
Source
Eur J Clin Nutr, 1999 Jul, 53:7, 535-41
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this present project was to evaluate a more satisfactory effect on plasma lipoprotein profile of spreads based on dairy fat. DESIGN: This study was designed as a randomised cross-over experiment with a three-week treatment separated by a three-week wash-out period. Sixty five grams of the fat content of the habitual diets was replaced by either butter/grapeseed oil (90:10) (BG); butter oil and low erucic rapeseed oil (65:35) (BR) or butter blended in a 1:1 ratio with a interesterified mixture of rapeseed oil and fully hydrogenated rapeseed oil (70: 30) (BS). SUBJECTS: Thirteen healthy free-living young men (age 21-26 y) fulfilled the study. INTERVENTIONS: At the beginning and end of each diet period two venous blood samples were collected. Triacylglycerol and cholesterol concentrations in total plasma and VLDL, LDL, IDL and HDL fractions were measured, as were apo A-1 and apo B concentrations. Fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids, plasma cholesterol ester and platelets was also determined. RESULTS: Significantly (P < 0.05) lower total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were observed after the BR and BS period, compared to BG. The effect of BR and BS did not differ. BG and BR resulted in equal concentrations of HDL-C, but significantly higher than BS. Consequently, a significantly lower LDL-C/HDL-C ratio was seen after the BR treatment compared to BG and BS. Apo A-1 concentrations were not significantly different, but Apo B was significantly increased after BG. CONCLUSIONS: Partially replacing milk fat with rapeseed oil seems to yield a more healthy spread. Stearic acid had a HDL-C lowering effect compared to milk fat, but did not affect LDL-C significantly. The addition of stearic acid did not improve the plasma lipoprotein profile for young men with low cholesterol levels.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99379477

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cholesterol|*BL; Dietary Fats|AD/*PD; Triglycerides|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Butter; Cross-Over Studies; Human; Linolenic Acids|PD; Lipids|BL; Male; Oleic Acid|PD; Phospholipids|BL; Stearic Acids|PD; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0954-3007
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 22 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Replacement of butter on bread by rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil-containing margarine: effects on plasma fatty acid composition and serum cholesterol.
Author
Seppänen Laakso T; Vanhanen H; Laakso I; Kohtamäki H; Viikari J
Address
Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Source
Br J Nutr, 1992 Nov, 68:3, 639-54
Abstract
The effects of zero-erucic acid rapeseed oil and rapeseed oil-containing margarine on plasma fatty acid composition and serum cholesterol were studied in butter users (n 43). Compliance to the substitution was followed by fatty acid analysis of total plasma and plasma phospholipids. The amount of substitute fats represented, on average, 21% of total fat and 8% of total energy intake. Changes in the relative fatty acid composition of plasma phospholipids indicated further fatty acid metabolism, and were closely related to the serum cholesterol level. The reduction in saturated fatty acids led to a significant increase in the proportion of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with the rapeseed oil diet, whereas the margarine caused a significant rise in n-6 PUFA only. The increase in the proportions of the two PUFA families occurred in accordance with their competitive order, most completely with the rapeseed oil diet. When butter was replaced by rapeseed oil, low-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol decreased by an average of 9.1% without a reduction in high-density-lipoprotein-cholesterol. During margarine substitution the reduction was 5.2%, on average. Of the plasma phospholipids, alpha-linolenic acid and the linoleic:stearic acid ratio, but not oleic acid, were the components most significantly correlated with serum cholesterol levels or the decrease in these levels. The results show that rapeseed oil can act primarily as a source of essential fatty acids, rather than that of monoenes, in the diet of butter users.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93152568

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Brassica|*; Cholesterol|*BL; Fatty Acids|*BL; Plant Oils|AD/*PD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Comparative Study; Human; Linolenic Acids|BL; Lipids|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Phospholipids|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0007-1145
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 23 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of peanut butter on ruminating.
Author
Greene KS; Johnson JM; Rossi M; Rawal A; Winston M; Barron S
Address
Dept. of Psychology, Auburn University, AL 36849.
Source
Am J Ment Retard, 1991 May, 95:6, 631-45
Abstract
Barton and Barton (1985) reported that supplementary peanut butter reduced rates of ruminating of 4 children with mental retardation and hypothesized that the effect was due to its thick, sticky consistency. We further examined the effects of peanut butter with 5 subjects with mental retardation by independently manipulating the caloric density versus the consistency associated with peanut butter. Results showed an inverse relation between rates of ruminating and amount of peanut butter consumed. However, this effect appeared to be primarily due to an increase in calories. A weaker and less consistent effect was ascribed to the consistency of peanut butter.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
91283135

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Education of Mentally Retarded|*; Food, Fortified|*; Peanuts|*; Vomiting|*DH/PX
MeSH Heading
Adult; Behavior Therapy|MT; Combined Modality Therapy; Energy Intake; Female; Human; Institutionalization; Male; Middle Age; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0895-8017
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 24 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Digestibility of cocoa butter and corn oil in human subjects: a preliminary study.
Author
Mitchell DC; McMahon KE; Shively CA; Apgar JL; Kris Etherton PM
Address
Department of Nutrition, Pennsylvania State University, University Park.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1989 Nov, 50:5, 983-6
Abstract
The comparative absorption of cocoa butter (25.5% C16:0, 34.4% C18:0, 34.4% C18:1, 3.4% C18:2) and corn oil (11.4% C16:0, 2.0% C18:0, 26.4% C18:1, 60.0% C18:2) was assessed in six healthy male subjects. During 3-d experimental diet periods, free-living subjects consumed either cocoa butter or corn oil as virtually the sole source of dietary fat, provided at 40% of the total energy intake in the form of specially formulated cookies. Fat absorption was determined by quantifying total fecal lipid excretion over the 3-d period. Total fecal lipid and fecal fatty acids were determined. The percentage of fat excreted was significantly higher (p less than or equal to 0.001) when subjects consumed the cocoa butter (10.8 +/- 3.2%) vs the corn oil (3.5 +/- 1.0%) diet. These results indicate that the digestibility of cocoa butter is significantly less than corn oil and may explain, in part, previous reports of a neutral effect of dietary cocoa butter on plasma cholesterol concentrations.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
90053355

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Corn Oil|AD/*ME; Dietary Fats|AD/*ME; Intestinal Absorption|*; Plant Oils|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adult; Biological Availability; Cholesterol|BL/ME; Comparative Study; Feces|AN; Human; Lipids|AN; Male; Specimen Handling; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 25 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of coconut oil, butter, and safflower oil on lipids and lipoproteins in persons with moderately elevated cholesterol levels.
Author
Cox C; Mann J; Sutherland W; Chisholm A; Skeaff M
Address
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Source
J Lipid Res, 1995 Aug, 36:8, 1787-95
Abstract
The physiological effects of coconut oil, butter, and safflower oil on lipids and lipoproteins have been compared in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals. Twenty eight participants (13 men, 15 women) followed three 6-week experimental diets of similar macronutrient distribution with the different test fats providing 50% total dietary fat. Total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were significantly higher (P < 0.001) on the diet containing butter [6.8 +/- 0.9, 4.5 +/- 0.8 mmol/l] (mean +/- SD), respectively than on the coconut oil diet (6.4 +/- 0.8; 4.2 +/- 0.7 mmol/l) when levels were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than on the safflower diet (6.1 +/- 0.8; 3.9 +/- 0.7 mmol/l). Findings with regard to the other measures of lipids and lipoproteins were less consistent. Apolipoprotein A-I was significantly higher on coconut oil (157 +/- 17 mg/dl) and on butter (141 +/- 23 mg/dl) than on safflower oil (132 +/- 22 mg/dl). Apolipoprotein B was also higher on butter (86 +/- 20 mg/dl) and coconut oil (91 +/- 32 mg/dl) than on safflower oil (77 +/- 19 mg/dl). However gender differences were apparent. In the group as a whole, high density lipoprotein did not differ significantly on the three diets whereas levels in women on the butter and coconut oil diet were significantly higher than on the safflower oil diet. Triacylglycerol was higher on the butter diet than on the safflower and coconut oil diets but the difference only reached statistical significance in women. Cholesteryl ester transfer activity was significantly higher on butter than safflower oil in the group as a whole and in women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
96048306

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Dietary Fats|*ME; Hypercholesterolemia|*ME; Lipids|*BL
MeSH Heading
Butter; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Compliance; Fatty Acids|BL; Female; Human; Lipoproteins|BL; Male; Middle Age; Plant Oils|ME; Safflower Oil|ME; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0022-2275
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 26 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Food groups, oils and butter, and cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx.
Author
Franceschi S; Favero A; Conti E; Talamini R; Volpe R; Negri E; Barzan L; La Vecchia C
Address
Servizio di Epidemiologia, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano (PN), Italy.
Source
Br J Cancer, 1999 May, 80:3-4, 614-20
Abstract
To elucidate the role of dietary habits, a study was carried out in 1992-1997 in the province of Pordenone in Northeastern Italy, and those of Rome and Latina in central Italy. Cases were 512 men and 86 women with cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx (lip, salivary glands and nasopharynx excluded) and controls were 1008 men and 483 women who had been admitted to local hospitals for a broad range of acute non-neoplastic conditions. The validated dietary section of the questionnaire included 78 foods or recipes and ten questions on fat intake patterns. After allowance for education, smoking, alcohol and total energy intake, significant trends of increasing risk with increasing intake emerged for soups, eggs, processed meats, cakes and desserts, and butter. Risk was approximately halved in the highest compared to the lowest intake quintile for coffee and tea, white bread, poultry, fish, raw and cooked vegetables, citrus fruit, and olive oil. The inverse association with oils, especially olive oil, was only slightly attenuated by allowance for vegetable intake. Thus, frequent consumption of vegetables, citrus fruit, fish and vegetable oils were the major features of a low-risk diet for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99314794

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*AE; Diet|*; Dietary Fats|*AE; Mouth Neoplasms|*EP; Oils|*AE; Pharyngeal Neoplasms|*EP
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking|AE; Case-Control Studies; Eating; Female; Human; Italy|EP; Male; Middle Age; Risk Factors; Smoking|AE

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0007-0920
Country of Publication
SCOTLAND

Record 27 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Hypersensitivity reactions to food colours with special reference to the natural colour annatto extract (butter colour).
Author
Mikkelsen H; Larsen JC; Tarding F
Address
 
Source
Arch Toxicol Suppl, 1978, :1, 141-3
Abstract
It is well known that synthetic food colours especially some azo dyes can provoke hypersensitivity reactions such as urticaria, angioneurotic oedema, and astma (Michaëlsson and Juhlin, 1973, Granholt and Thune, 1975). Natural food colours are scarcely investigated with respect to potential allergic properties. Annatto extract, a commonly used food colour in edible fats e.g. butter, has been tested in patients. Among 61 consecutive patients suffereing from chornic urticaria and/or angioneurotic oedema 56 patients were orally provoked by annatto extract during elimination diet. Challenge was performed with a dose equivalent to the amount used in 25 grammes of butter. Twentysix per cent of the patients reacted to this colour 4 hours (SD: 2,6) after intake. Similar challenges with synthetic dyes showed the following results: Tartrazine 11%, Sunset Yellow FCF 17%, Food Red 17 16%, Amaranth 9%, Ponceau 4 R 15%, Erythrosine 12% and Brillant Blue FCF 14%. The present study indicates that natural food colours may induce hypersensitivity reactions as frequent as synthetic dyes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
78234707

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Drug Hypersensitivity|*ET; Food Coloring Agents|*AE; Plant Extracts|*AE
MeSH Heading
Angioneurotic Edema|CI; Butter; Drug Eruptions|ET; Female; Human; Male; Urticaria|CI

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Country of Publication
GERMANY, WEST

Record 28 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Verotoxinogenic Citrobacter freundii associated with severe gastroenteritis and cases of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in a nursery school: green butter as the infection source.
Author
Tschape H; Prager R; Streckel W; Fruth A; Tietze E; Böhme G
Address
Robert Koch Institut, Wernigerode, Germany.
Source
Epidemiol Infect, 1995 Jun, 114:3, 441-50
Abstract
A summer outbreak of severe gastroenteritis followed by haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a nursery school and kindergarten is described. Sandwiches prepared with green butter made with contaminated parsley were the likely vehicle of infection. The parsley originated from an organic garden in which manure of pig origin was used instead of artificial fertilizers. Clonally identical verotoxinogenic Citrobacter freundii were found as causative agents of HUS and gastroenteritis and were also detected on the parsley.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
95300922

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Citrobacter freundii|*IP; Disease Outbreaks|*; Enterobacteriaceae Infections|*EP; Food Microbiology|*; Gastroenteritis|*EP/MI; Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome|*EP/MI
MeSH Heading
Adult; Butter|MI; Child; Child, Preschool; Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field; Feces|MI; Female; Germany|EP; Human; Infant; Male; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Schools, Nursery; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Vegetables|MI

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0950-2688
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 29 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
No ice, no butter. Advice on management of burns for primary care physicians.
Author
Clayton MC; Solem LD
Address
University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA.
Source
Postgrad Med, 1995 May, 97:5, 151-5, 159-60, 165
Abstract
It is often difficult to determine the true extent of a burn, but most small thermal burns can be easily evaluated and managed by primary care physicians. In this article, the authors review the characteristics of different types of burns, describe those that require treatment in a burn center, and discuss appropriate measures to hasten healing and promote a satisfactory cosmetic outcome.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
95273288

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Burns|CO/ET/PP/*TH
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Ambulatory Care; Bacitracin|TU; Bandages; Child; Child, Preschool; Cicatrix, Hypertrophic|ET/TH; Combined Modality Therapy; Debridement; Family Practice; Follow-Up Studies; Human; Infant; Injury Severity Score; Middle Age; Pain|DT/ET; Silver Sulfadiazine|TU; Time Factors; Wound Healing

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0032-5481
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 30 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Relative effects on serum lipids and apolipoproteins of a caprenin-rich diet compared with diets rich in palm oil/palm-kernel oil or butter.
Author
Wardlaw GM; Snook JT; Park S; Patel PK; Pendley FC; Lee MS; Jandacek RJ
Address
Division of Medical Dietetics, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1995 Mar, 61:3, 535-42
Abstract
Two randomized, blind studies measured changes in serum cholesterol, other serum lipids, and apolipoprotein (apo) concentrations in hypercholesterolemic men consuming caprenin (Cap)-rich diets after either baseline diets enriched in palm oil/palm-kernel oil (PO/PKO) or butter. The triglyceride Cap contains 45% 22:0 and 50% 8:0-10:0. Compared with baseline values established at 3 wk on the PO/PKO diet, the 17 subjects on the Cap diet showed significant reductions after 6 wk in HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL2-C, and HDL3-C and a significant increase in the ratio of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides, apo B-100, or apo A-I were seen. Compared with baseline values established at 3 wk on the butter diet, after 6 wk the seven subjects receiving the Cap diet showed no significant changes in the lipid and apolipoprotein indexes analyzed. These data show that one or more of 8:0, 10:0, and 22:0 fatty acids can contribute to hypercholesterolemia in men.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
95177054

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Apolipoproteins|*BL; Butter|*; Decanoic Acids|AD/*PD; Fatty Acids|AD/AN/*PD; Hypercholesterolemia|*ME; Lipids|*BL; Octanoic Acids|AD/*PD; Plant Oils|*PD; Triglycerides|AD/*PD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Body Mass Index; Comparative Study; Dietary Fats|AD/ME; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 31 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of dietary butter fat on fecal bile acid excretion in patients with Crohn's disease on elemental diet.
Author
Koga T; Nishida T; Miwa H; Yamamoto M; Kaku K; Yao T; Okumura M
Address
 
Source
Dig Dis Sci, 1984 Nov, 29:11, 994-9
Abstract
The excretion rate of fecal bile acids was determined by gas-liquid chromatography in nine patients with Crohn's disease and six healthy volunteers under two dietary conditions with different amounts of fat: during nasoduodenal tube feeding with a fat-restricted elemental diet containing approximately 1.5 g/day of fat, and during the addition of 50 g/day of butterfat by peroral administration. The fecal bile acid excretion rate on the elemental diet was significantly greater in the patients with Crohn's disease than in the healthy controls. With ingestion of the additional fat, the excretion rate was significantly increased in the patients with Crohn's disease, but not significantly changed in the healthy controls. The bile acid excretion rate in Crohn's disease correlated with fecal fat excretion, but not with either fecal weight or disease activity. These studies show that the amount of dietary fat represents an important consideration in the evaluation of bile acid malabsorption in Crohn's disease.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
85026659

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Bile Acids and Salts|*ME; Crohn Disease|DH/*ME; Dietary Fats|*ME
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Feces|ME; Female; Food, Formulated; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0163-2116
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 32 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Rapid preconcentration method for the determination of pyrethroid insecticides in vegetable oils and butter fat and simultaneous determination by gas chromatography-electron capture detection and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Author
Ramesh A; Balasubramanian M
Address
Department of Pesticide Chemistry, Fredrick Institute of Plant Protection and Toxicology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Source
Analyst, 1998 Sep, 123:9, 1799-802
Abstract
A simple and rapid solid-phase extraction (SPE)-GC method for the preconcentration and quantification of pyrethroids at low nanogram levels in oils and high fat content samples is presented. The method was studied using seven highly persistent pyrethroid insecticides, viz., cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, cyfluthrin, allethrin, cyhalothrin and permethrin. Preconcentration was achieved by treating the oil samples with methyltrioctylammonium chloride and subsequent elution of the pyrethroid molecules from a graphitized carbon black SPE cartridge using 5 ml of acetonitrile. Pyrethroid quantification was achieved by GC with electron capture detection. Recoveries of the pyrethroids at fortification levels of 0.05-0.5 ppm were 94-105%. Storage on graphitized carbon black for 30 d lowered the recovery of the pyrethroids by only 3-6%. The method compared well with results obtained by a GC-MS method. The relative standard deviation at a concentration level of 0.05-0.2 microgram ml-1 ranged from 1.31 to 5.16%. The limit of detection achieved was 0.002 microgram ml-1 without any additional clean-up and with little interference from lipids during analysis.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99170772

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Food Contamination|*AN; Insecticides|*AN; Pyrethrins|*AN
MeSH Heading
Animal; Butter; Human; Mass Fragmentography; Plant Oils

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0003-2654
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 33 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Perceptions of spreading fats among women in Helsinki whose households use only butter or margarine.
Author
Prättälä R; Pelto GH; Pelto P; Ahola M; Räsänen L
Address
Department of Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Finland.
Source
Appetite, 1992 Jun, 18:3, 185-91
Abstract
This study sought to investigate whether women's perceptions about butter and soft margarine vary by the use of these fats. From interviews in 1984 with 102 middle-aged women from a follow-up dietary survey in Helsinki 27% of their households were classified as exclusive butter users, 46% used both butter and margarine and 27% used only margarine. The women evaluated margarine less "tasty" but "lighter", and "healthier" than butter. Women whose households used butter exclusively rated it more "useful" than those who used margarine, whereas women whose households used exclusively margarine rated it higher on taste than did exclusive butter users. Butter is a valued traditional food in Finland, and probably the taste of butter is still a reference standard for all spreads. Nevertheless some of the respondents had evidently come to like the soft vegetable margarine that was not available in their childhood.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
92378268

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Food Preferences|*; Margarine|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Dietary Fats; Female; Finland; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0195-6663
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 34 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Comparative effects of canbra oil and butter on lipdemia, vitamin A tolerance and thrombosis factors in man.
Author
Jacotot B; Winchenne N; Navarro N; NGuyen A; Mendy F; Beaumont JL
Address
 
Source
J Med, 1978, 9:6, 471-81
Abstract
In a five-day clinical test, the dietary effects of canbra oil and butter on normal human subjects were studied with special reference to lipid metabolism, clotting times and platelet functions. There was no difference between the canbra oil and butter diets as regard triglyceridemia or clotting times, but cholesterolemia and in vitro platelet aggregation by ADP dropped significantly in subjects fed the canbra oil diet. The platelet count did not change significantly. A possible explanation of these results might to be the difference in the fatty acid composition of canbra oil and butter.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
79217813

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Coagulation|*; Dietary Fats|*; Lipids|*BL; Vitamin A|*PD
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Blood Cell Count; Blood Platelets|PH; Brassica; Butter; Cholesterol|BL; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Oils|AD; Platelet Aggregation; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0025-7850
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 35 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Comparative vitamin B-6 bioavailability from tuna, whole wheat bread and peanut butter in humans.
Author
Kabir H; Leklem JE; Miller LT
Address
 
Source
J Nutr, 1983 Dec, 113:12, 2412-20
Abstract
Relative bioavailability of vitamin B-6 from tuna, whole wheat bread and peanut butter was investigated in eight men. The study was divided into a 10-day adjustment and three, 14-day experimental periods in a 3 X 3 Latin square design. Vitamin B-6 intake was set at 1.6 mg/day, with 50% of the intake coming from one of the three experimental foods and 50% from a basal diet. Daily complete urine and fecal collections were made. Urine was analyzed for 4-pyridoxic acid (4PA) and vitamin B-6, fecal samples for vitamin B-6 and plasma (sampled every 5 days) for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). Mean values +/- SD for the adjustment, tuna, whole wheat bread and peanut butter periods were: 5.65 +/- 1.76, 4.89 +/- 1.10, 3.62 +/- 0.66 and 2.80 +/- 0.50 mumol/day for 4-pyridoxic acid; 0.98 +/- 0.34, 1.05 +/- 0.20, 0.76 +/- 0.09 and 0.68 +/- 0.19 mumol/day for urinary vitamin B-6; 2.72 +/- 0.94, 3.08 +/- 0.73, 3.80 +/- 0.78 and 4.42 +/- 1.03 mumol/day for fecal vitamin B-6 and 65.0 +/- 23.30, 64.8 +/- 29.80, 49.3 +/- 14.40 and 48.4 +/- 20.20 nM for plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, respectively. 4PA and urinary vitamin B-6 excretion were significantly (P less than or equal to 0.01) higher in the tuna period than in either the whole wheat bread or peanut butter periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
84089738

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Bread|*; Fishes|*; Food Preservation|*; Peanuts|*; Pyridoxine|AN/*ME; Tuna|*
MeSH Heading
Adult; Animal; Biological Availability; Comparative Study; Feces|AN; Human; Male; Pyridoxal Phosphate|BL; Pyridoxic Acid|UR; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0022-3166
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 36 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Postprandial effects of an oleic acid-rich oil compared with butter on clotting factor VII and fibrinolysis in healthy men.
Author
Oakley FR; Sanders TA; Miller GJ
Address
Nutrition, Food and Health Research Centre, King's College London, St Bartholomew's Hospital, United Kingdom.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1998 Dec, 68:6, 1202-7
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Factor VII coagulant activity (FVII:c) is associated with an increased risk of fatal ischemic heart disease, is correlated with plasma triacylglycerol concentration, and increases after a meal rich in long-chain fatty acids. OBJECTIVE: We planned to compare effects of meals rich in oleate and butter fat with those of a low-fat meal on FVII:c and fibrinolytic activity. DESIGN: A crossover design was used to compare the postprandial effects on coagulant and fibrinolytic activities in 12 men of 3 high-fat (95 g) meals--high oleate, butter, and oleate + medium-chain triacylglycerols (oleate+MCT)--with an isoenergetic low-fat meal (18 g MCT). The oleate+MCT blend was used to mimic the ratio of long-chain to shorter-chain fatty acids in butter. RESULTS: Neither the amount nor type of fat consumed influenced plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 or t-plasminogen activator activities or D-dimer concentration. FVII:c increased by 12.5% (95% CI: 4.6%, 20.5%) after the high-fat meals at 3 h and by 6.7% (95% CI: 1.6%, 11.7%) at 7 h and changed 7 h after the low-fat meal by -14.3% (95% CI: -3.3%, -25.4%). The responses to the high-fat meals did not differ. Measurements of activated FVII (FVIIa), FVII zymogen, and activated FXII (FXIIa) concentrations made after the low-fat and high-oleate meals showed a significant increase in FVIIa only after the high-oleate meal. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm that FVII:c falls after a low-fat meal and suggests that postprandial activation of FVII occurs rapidly after a fat-rich meal without involving an increase in FXIIa.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
99061304

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Dietary Fats|*AD; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated|*AD; Factor VII|*ME; Fibrinolysis|*; Oleic Acid|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Comparative Study; Cross-Over Studies; Diet, Fat-Restricted; Factor XIIa|ME; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products|ME; Human; Male; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1|ME; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Tissue Plasminogen Activator|ME; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 37 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Differential effect of unsaturated oils and butter on blood glucose and insulin response to carbohydrate in normal volunteers.
Author
Gatti E; Noè D; Pazzucconi F; Gianfranceschi G; Porrini M; Testolin G; Sirtori CR
Address
Nutrition Service, Niguarda Hospital, Milano, Italy.
Source
Eur J Clin Nutr, 1992 Mar, 46:3, 161-6
Abstract
Plasma glucose and insulin responses were monitored in normal volunteers after a standard carbohydrate meal with unsaturated oils (olive and corn oil, in identical volumes) or butter. Both unsaturated oils almost totally blunted the glycaemic response; butter, instead, only delayed the plasma glucose rise, without significantly changing the area under the curve. The insulin rise was essentially unaffected by the three experimental meals, only a slight delay in the peak being observed with no differences between unsaturated oils and butter. These findings support previous data indicating reduced glucose levels after prolonged administration of olive oil, and reduced glycaemic response, in the absence of clear-cut insulin changes, differentiates unsaturated oils from indigestible fibres; it may be linked to an altered polysaccharide handling at the intestinal level.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
92217573

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Blood Glucose|*ME; Dietary Carbohydrates|*PD; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated|*PD; Insulin|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adult; Butter; Comparative Study; Female; Human; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0954-3007
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 38 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Olive oil instead of butter increases net cholesterol excretion from the small bowel.
Author
Bosaeus I; Belfrage L; Lindgren C; Andersson H
Address
Department of Clinical Nutrition, University of GÂoteborg, Sahlgrenska Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Source
Eur J Clin Nutr, 1992 Feb, 46:2, 111-5
Abstract
Butter was replaced by olive oil in a controlled 100 g fat diet in order to study the effect of saturated fats (SAFA) versus monounsaturated fats (MUFA) on small-bowel sterol excretion in eleven healthy ileostomates. Bile acids and neutral sterols were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Net cholesterol excretion (excretion minus intake) was 84 +/- 25 mg/24 h (mean +/- SE) on the SAFA diet and increased to 218 +/- 32 mg/24 h on the MUFA diet (P less than 0.01). The bile acid excretion tended to be somewhat lower on the MUFA diet, but this was significant only for chenodeoxycholic acid. Net sterol excretion (the sum of excretion of net cholesterol and bile acids) was significantly lower on the SAFA diet than on the MUFA diet (443 +/- 60 and 529 +/- 58 mg/24 h, respectively). The immediately increased excretion of cholesterol from the small bowel could thus explain the serum cholesterol-lowering effect of a change from a SAFA-rich to a MUFA-rich diet, though the mechanism for this change is still unclear.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
92217562

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Cholesterol|*ME; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated|*AD; Ileum|*ME; Plant Oils|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Bile Acids and Salts|ME; Chromatography, Gas; Comparative Study; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Female; Human; Ileostomy; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0954-3007
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 39 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of dietary coconut oil, butter and safflower oil on plasma lipids, lipoproteins and lathosterol levels.
Author
Cox C; Sutherland W; Mann J; de Jong S; Chisholm A; Skeaff M
Address
Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Source
Eur J Clin Nutr, 1998 Sep, 52:9, 650-4
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this present study was to determine plasma levels of lathosterol, lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins during diets rich in butter, coconut fat and safflower oil. DESIGN: The study consisted of sequential six week periods of diets rich in butter, coconut fat then safflower oil and measurements were made at baseline and at week 4 in each diet period. SUBJECTS: Forty-one healthy Pacific island polynesians living in New Zealand participated in the trial. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were supplied with some foods rich in the test fats and were given detailed dietary advice which was reinforced regularly. RESULTS: Plasma lathosterol concentration (P < 0.001), the ratio plasma lathosterol/cholesterol (P=0.04), low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P<0.001) and apoB (P<0.001) levels were significantly different among the diets and were significantly lower during coconut and safflower oil diets compared with butter diets. Plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apoA-levels were also significantly (P< or =0.001) different among the diets and were not significantly different between buffer and coconut diets. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that cholesterol synthesis is lower during diets rich in coconut fat and safflower oil compared with diets rich in butter and might be associated with lower production rates of apoB-containing lipoproteins.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98427552

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Cholesterol|*BL; Dietary Fats|*PD; Lipids|*BL; Plant Oils|*PD; Safflower Oil|*PD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Apolipoproteins A|ME; Apolipoproteins B|BL; Female; Human; Lipoproteins|BL; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0954-3007
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 40 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Contact urticaria from peanut butter.
Author
Mathias CG
Address
 
Source
Contact Dermatitis, 1983 Jan, 9:1, 66-8
Abstract
A patient with multiple atopic allergies, atopic facial dermatitis, and a generalized atopic skin diathesis developed (i) angioedema of the lips and tongue following ingestion of peanut butter, and (ii) localized urticarial reactions following direct skin contact. Open testing with peanut butter demonstrated probable immunologic contact urticaria. The relationship of contact urticaria to the atopic skin diathesis is discussed.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
83181456

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Dermatitis, Contact|*ET; Peanuts|*AE; Urticaria|*ET
MeSH Heading
Adult; Case Report; Female; Human

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0105-1873
Country of Publication
DENMARK

Record 41 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of margarine compared with those of butter on blood lipid profiles related to cardiovascular disease risk factors in normolipemic adults fed controlled diets.
Author
Judd JT; Baer DJ; Clevidence BA; Muesing RA; Chen SC; Weststrate JA; Meijer GW; Wittes J; Lichtenstein AH; Vilella Bach M; Schaefer EJ
Address
Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, MD 20705, USA. judd@bhnrc.arsusda.gov
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1998 Oct, 68:4, 768-77
Abstract
Effects of butter and 2 types of margarine on blood lipid and lipoprotein concentrations were compared in a controlled diet study with 23 men and 23 women. Table spreads, added to a common basal diet, provided 8.3% of energy as fat. Diets averaged 34.6% of energy as fat and 15.5% as protein. Each diet was fed for 5 wk in a 3 x 3 Latin-square design. One margarine (TFA-M) approximated the average trans monoene content of trans fatty acid-containing margarines in the United States (17% trans fatty acids by dry wt). The other margarine (PUFA-M) was free of trans unsaturated fatty acids; it contained approximately twice the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of TFA-M (49% compared with 27% polyunsaturated fatty acids). The tub-type margarines had similar physical properties at ambient temperature. Fasting blood lipids and lipoproteins were determined in 2 samples taken from the subjects during the fifth week of each dietary treatment. Compared with butter, total cholesterol was 3.5% lower (P=0.009) after consumption of TFA-M and 5.4% lower (P< 0.001) after consumption of PUFA-M. Similarly, LDL cholesterol was 4.9% lower (P=0.005) and 6.7% lower (P< 0.001) after consumption of TFA-M and PUFA-M, respectively. Neither margarine differed from butter in its effect on HDL cholesterol or triacylglycerols. Thus, consumption of TFA-M or PUFA-M improved blood lipid profiles for the major lipoproteins associated with cardiovascular risk when compared with butter, with a greater improvement with PUFA-M than with TFA-M.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98442796

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*AE; Cardiovascular Diseases|*BL; Dietary Fats|AE/*PD; Lipids|*BL; Margarine|*AE
MeSH Heading
Adult; Aged; Comparative Study; Cross-Over Studies; Energy Intake; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated|AD; Female; Human; Male; Middle Age; Risk Factors; Sex Characteristics; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 42 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effects of cocoa butter on serum lipids in humans: historical highlights.
Author
Denke MA
Address
Center for Human Nutrition, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas 75235-9052.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1994 Dec, 60:6 Suppl, 1014S-1016S
Abstract
It has been known for some time that cocoa butter, although rich in saturated fatty acids, does not raise total serum cholesterol concentrations as much as expected from its total saturated fatty acid content. Whether the effect of cocoa butter feeding on low-density-lipoprotein- (LDL)-cholesterol concentrations was also less than predicted by its total saturated fatty acid content needed to be tested. In a recent experiment cocoa butter did not raise LDL cholesterol as much as predicted by its total saturated fatty acid content. However, because of its significant palmitic acid content, cocoa butter did raise LDL-cholesterol concentrations more than do most liquid vegetable oils.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
95067736

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cholesterol|*BL; Dietary Fats|AD/*ME
MeSH Heading
Human; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; Stearic Acids|AD/ME

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 43 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Chemical and epidemiological aspects of modified butter oil fractions.
Author
Fouad FM; Mamer OA; Sauriol F; Shahidi F
Address
Biomedical Mass Spectrometry Unit, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Source
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev, 1998 Apr, 1:2, 149-79
Abstract
Butter lipids are an important traditional source of dietary energy intake in the form of fat. Butter lost a sizable portion of its market share due to controversies associated with its cholesterol content and high percentage of long-chain saturated fatty acids. Accordingly, the use of vegetable oils and their chemically manipulated counterparts such as those produced by partial hydrogenation or interestrification increased proportionally. However, beginning in 1940, researchers developed several procedures such as temperature-controlled crystallization, refractionation of crystallized butter oil solids, and supercritical carbon dioxide extraction to improve the acceptance of butter oil. Others proposed preparation of synthetic substitutes such as sucrose polyesters to reduce intestinal absorption of fatty acids, thus reducing caloric intake with concomitant reduction in serum cholesterol. The present review provides a summary of the efforts of several attempts to improve the acceptability of butter together with the anticipated epidemiological consequences of long-term consumption of altered butter oil to mammalian health.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98314239

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Diet|*; Oils|*CH; Public Health|*
MeSH Heading
Chemistry, Analytical|TD; Energy Intake; Epidemiologic Studies; Fatty Acids, Essential|ME; Human; Margarine

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
1093-7404
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 44 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Peanut butter and fatal fluoride poisoning. A case of mistaken identity.
Author
Randall BB; Fraser BJ
Address
Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Sioux Falls 57117-5017.
Source
Am J Forensic Med Pathol, 1994 Mar, 15:1, 40-3
Abstract
We report here a case of an adult seeking a late night peanut butter snack who mistook for peanut butter a fluoride containing glass etching compound. The glass etching compound was of a color and consistency similar to peanut butter and was packaged in a similar appearing container. The decedent survived for six hours after the fluoride ingestion. He was admitted to the emergency room in stable condition with severe gastrointestinal symptoms. His condition deteriorated rapidly prior to death with abrupt cardiac arrest and profound hypocalcemia (5.5 mg/dl). Autopsy showed only gastric hyperemia and discoloration with a postmortem blood fluoride level of 19 mg/L.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94219435

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Fluoride Poisoning|*ET/PA/PP; Peanuts|*
MeSH Heading
Case Report; Fatal Outcome; Human; Male; Middle Age

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0195-7910
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 45 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Lack of serum cholesterol-lowering effect of skimmed milk and butter milk under controlled conditions.
Author
Hussi E; Miettinen TA; Ollus A; Kostiainen E; Ehnholm C; Haglund B; Huttunen JK; Manninen V
Address
 
Source
Atherosclerosis, 1981 May, 39:2, 267-72
Abstract
The effects of skimmed milk and butter milk on the plasma concentration of cholesterol, triglyceride and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were studied in voluntary male prisoners under carefully controlled conditions. No significant differences were observed in the serum lipid or lipoprotein levels between the groups ingesting the control diet and the diets containing 2.71 of skimmed milk or 2.01 of butter milk per day for 3 weeks.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
81232419

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Cholesterol|*BL; Milk|*
MeSH Heading
Animal; Body Weight; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL|BL; Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Triglycerides|BL

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0021-9150
Country of Publication
NETHERLANDS

Record 46 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Organochlorine pesticide residues in cow's milk and butter in Mexico.
Author
Waliszewski SM; Pardío VT; Waliszewski KN; Chantiri JN; Aguirre AA; Infanzón RM; Rivera J
Address
Laboratorio de InvestigaciÆon de Plaguicidas, Universidad Veracruzana, Mexico. stefanmw@sparc10-2.insting.uv.mx
Source
Sci Total Environ, 1997 Dec, 208:1-2, 127-32
Abstract
This monitoring study of 355 samples of cow's milk collected from the central region of Veracruz state and 448 samples of national butter brands was conducted to determine the contamination levels of organochlorine pesticides. The results obtained for mean HCH levels were 0.094 and 0.093 mg/kg on fat basis in cow's milk and butter samples, respectively. The mean DDT levels were 0.159 and 0.049 mg/kg, respectively. In relation to cow's milk, the total HCH levels in Veracruz state were higher but total DDT levels were comparable to those reported in other countries. On the other hand, organochlorine levels detected in national brand butter samples were lower than those found in other countries, where these pesticides are still used in sanitary actions. These results confirmed that dairy products in Mexico presented organochlorine pesticide residues (owing to their use in sanitary actions) indicating a human exposure through these food products.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98157742

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Environmental Exposure|*; Food Contamination|*; Insecticides, Organochlorine|*AN/PK; Milk|*CH
MeSH Heading
Agriculture; Animal; Cattle; Environmental Monitoring; Human; Mexico

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0048-9697
Country of Publication
NETHERLANDS

Record 47 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Impaired fibrinolytic activity induced by ingestion of butter: effect of increased plasma lipids on the fibrinolytic activity.
Author
Kozima Y; Urano T; Serizawa K; Takada Y; Takada A
Address
Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka-ken, Japan.
Source
Thromb Res, 1993 Apr, 70:2, 191-202
Abstract
To investigate the effects of the increased plasma lipid level on fibrinolysis, we measured the levels of fibrinolytic components in serially obtained plasma samples from healthy volunteers after the intake of different amounts of butter. Plasma triglyceride level increased significantly after butter intake compared to the control group. Eight hours after the intake of 100g of butter, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) level in plasma was significantly higher and euglobulin clot lysis time was significantly prolonged compared to those of the control group. There was no effect on plasma tissue plasminogen activator level. These results suggest that the temporary increase in plasma triglyceride level induced high PAI-1 level, resulting in impaired fibrinolytic activity. The effect of temporary hyperlipidemia on platelet function was also analyzed and revealed that the response of platelets to ADP and collagen was lower in the butter intake group compared to those of the control.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93310779

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*AE; Dietary Fats|*AE; Fibrinolysis|*DE; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1|*AN; Triglycerides|*BL
MeSH Heading
Adolescence; Adult; Human; Hypertriglyceridemia|BL/CI; Male; Platelet Aggregation|DE; Tissue Plasminogen Activator|AN

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0049-3848
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 48 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Influence of partial replacement of butter fat with peanut oil (in infant formula) on erythrocyte fatty acids in infants.
Author
Hariharan K; Rao SV
Address
Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India.
Source
Indian J Exp Biol, 1997 Sep, 35:9, 957-63
Abstract
Erythrocyte fatty acid composition was studied in infants fed with three different formulae: formula I containing 20% butter fat; formula II containing 10% butter fat and 10% peanut oil; and formula III containing 10% butter fat and 5% peanut oil with a fat content itself reduced to 15%. The linoleic acid levels were 2.5, 18 and 13% in formula I-III, respectively. Analysis of fatty acids at the time of birth, and 3 and 6 months thereafter, indicated that linoleic acid levels could be improved by supplementation with peanut oil. Arachidonic acid levels (20:4, n-6) did not show a proportional relationship with respect to linoleic acid intake. The other ratio such as triene/tetraene, oleic/linoleic, linoleic/arachidonic and arachidonic/linoleic were all within the normal range, indicating normal desaturase and elongase activity. Thus, our present study suggests that peanut oils could be used for enhancing the linoleic acid levels in infants.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
98135417

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Dietary Fats|*PD; Erythrocytes|*ME; Fatty Acids|*BL; Infant Food|*; Peanuts|*; Plant Oils|*PD
MeSH Heading
Human; Infant, Newborn; Male

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0019-5189
Country of Publication
INDIA

Record 49 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Butter in the initial treatment of hot tar burns.
Author
Tiernan E; Harris A
Address
Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
Source
Burns, 1993 Oct, 19:5, 437-8
Abstract
Hot tar adheres to skin and produces burns of variable depth. Removal of the tar is not essential but it improves patient comfort and allows early assessment of the underlying tissue damage. Butter is readily available and is an effective method of removing the adherent tar.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
94030529

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Burns|ET/*TH; Construction Materials|*; Facial Injuries|ET/*TH
MeSH Heading
Accidents, Occupational; Adult; Butter; Case Report; Human; Male

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0305-4179
Country of Publication
ENGLAND

Record 50 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Chilean hazelnut butter, a new alternative for consumers.
Author
Villarroel M; Biolly E; San Martin S; Estrada G
Address
Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de La Frontere, Temuco, Chile.
Source
Plant Foods Hum Nutr, 1993 Sep, 44:2, 131-6
Abstract
Four formulations of Chilean hazelnut butter were prepared containing Chilean hazelnut paste and 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% margarine. As the level of margarine was increased to 20%, the protein and crude fiber content decreased markedly, while those of moisture, crude fat and calories increased. After 90 days of storage, neither the samples stored at 5 degrees C nor those stored at 15 degrees C showed any objectionable effects both from the bacteriological and chemical point of view. Sensory analyses, including quality and acceptability studies, were performed on the various blends. Flavor, color and taste were improved by the addition of margarine to the butter formulas. It is concluded, therefore, that Chilean hazelnut butter represents a new and interesting alternative for human nourishment.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
93391308

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Food Technology|*; Margarine|*; Nuts|*
MeSH Heading
Chile; Color; Food Preservation; Human; Nutritive Value; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Taste; Time Factors

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0921-9668
Country of Publication
NETHERLANDS

Record 51 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of fermented (butter milk) food on fibrinolytic activity.
Author
Dabholkar NA; Joshi VD
Address
 
Source
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol, 1975 Jul, 19:3, 161-3
Abstract
Effect of one day fermented milk (butter milk) was studied in 18 medical students between 18 to 20 years of age. Results showed that there is a significant decrease in fibrinolytic activity two hours after giving butter milk and the effect persists even at the end of six hours.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
76093884

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Fibrinolysis|*; Milk|*
MeSH Heading
Animal; Fermentation; Human

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0019-5499
Country of Publication
INDIA

Record 52 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Butter, margarine and serum lipoproteins.
Author
Zock PL; Katan MB
Address
Department of Human Nutrition, Wageningen Agricultural University, The Netherlands.
Source
Atherosclerosis, 1997 May, 131:1, 7-16
Abstract
Intake of trans fatty acids unfavorably affects blood lipoproteins. As margarines are a major source of trans, claims for the advantages of margarines over butter need to be scrutinized. Here we review dietary trials that directly compared the effects of butter and margarine on blood lipids. We identified 20 studies in which subjects had stable body weights, and margarine and butter were exchanged in the diet at constant energy and fat intake. We calculated the changes in average blood lipid levels between study diets (49 comparisons) as a function of the percentage of calories as margarine substituted for butter. Replacing 10% of calories from butter by hard high-trans stick margarines lowered total serum cholesterol by 0.19, LDL by 0.11, and HDL by 0.02 mmol/l, and did not affect the total/HDL cholesterol ratio. Soft low-trans tub margarines decreased total cholesterol by 0.25 and LDL by 0.20 mmol/l, did not affect HDL, and decreased the total/HDL cholesterol ratio by 0.20. Based on the total/HDL cholesterol ratio, replacement of 30 g of butter per day by soft tub margarines would theoretically predict a reduction in coronary heart disease risk of 10%, while replacement of butter by hard, high-trans margarines would have no effect. Replacing butter by low-trans soft margarines favorably affects the blood lipoprotein profile and may reduce the predicted risk of coronary heart disease, but high-trans hard margarines probably confer no benefit over butter.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
97324043

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Dietary Fats|*AD; Lipoproteins|*BL; Margarine|*
MeSH Heading
Cholesterol|BL; Coronary Disease|PC; Human; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|BL; Lipoproteins, LDL Cholesterol|BL; MEDLINE; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW; REVIEW, TUTORIAL
ISSN
0021-9150
Country of Publication
IRELAND

Record 53 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Margarine and butter purchases of southern households.
Author
Kreidler PL; Boehm WT; Lentner MN; Driskell JA
Address
 
Source
J Am Diet Assoc, 1980 Jul, 77:1, 46-8
Abstract
Margarine and butter purchases of 1,061 southern households are reported. These families purchased twelve times as much margarine as butter. Medium-income households, those headed by grammar school-educated persons, households headed by farmers, those with an unemployed homemaker, and white households bought more margarine, on the average, than those in other categories. High-income households and those headed by retired/unemployed persons, on the other hand, generally purchased more butter. In these southern households, margarine purchases would have contributed significantly to "advised" caloric and fat intakes.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
80228685

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Dairy Products|*EC; Diet Surveys|*; Food Habits|*; Nutrition Surveys|*
MeSH Heading
Butter; Human; Margarine; Nutritive Value; Socioeconomic Factors; United States

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
ISSN
0002-8223
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 54 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Effect of diets high in butter, corn oil, or high-oleic acid sunflower oil on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in men.
Author
Wardlaw GM; Snook JT
Address
Division of Medical Dietetics, Ohio State University, Columbus.
Source
Am J Clin Nutr, 1990 May, 51:5, 815-21
Abstract
This randomized blind crossover study compared serum lipid and apolipoprotein concentrations in 20 men consuming 37-43% of energy as fat from diets based on corn oil, high-oleic acid sunflower oil, and butter. Each phase of the crossover design included 2 wk of butter-based diet followed by 5 wk of designated vegetable-oil-based diet with a 7-wk washout period between phases. Compared with values for the butter-based diet, the vegetable-oil-based diets reduced serum total cholesterol by 16-21% (p less than 0.001), LDL cholesterol by 21-26% (p less than 0.001), triglycerides by 10-21% (p less than 0.01 for the higher figure), and apolipoprotein B-100 by 22-29% (p less than 0.001). When values fell, they fell further on the corn-oil-based diet. There were no significant changes in serum HDL cholesterol or apolipoprotein A-1. These data suggest that when men on diets high in saturated fatty acids reduce their saturated fatty acid intake but not their total fat intake, many can still experience a significant lowering in serum total cholesterol.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
90240179

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Apolipoproteins|*BL; Corn Oil|*AD; Dietary Fats|*AD; Lipids|*BL; Lipoproteins, HDL Cholesterol|*BL; Oleic Acids|*AD; Plant Oils|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Butter; Comparative Study; Human; Male; Random Allocation; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
ISSN
0002-9165
Country of Publication
UNITED STATES

Record 55 from database: MEDLINE
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Title
Consumption of olive oil, butter, and vegetable oils and coronary heart disease risk factors. The Research Group ATS-RF2 of the Italian National Research Council [published erratum appears in JAMA 1990 Apr;263(13):1768] [see comments]
Author
Trevisan M; Krogh V; Freudenheim J; Blake A; Muti P; Panico S; Farinaro E; Mancini M; Menotti A; Ricci G
Address
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo 14214-299.
Source
JAMA, 1990 Feb, 263:5, 688-92
Abstract
The cross-sectional association between consumption of various fats (eg, butter, olive oil, and vegetable oil) and risk factors for coronary heart disease was analyzed in a sample of 4903 Italian men and women 20 to 59 years of age. The intake of fats was ascertained by an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Increased consumption of butter was associated with significantly higher blood pressure and serum cholesterol and glucose levels for men; in women only the association with glucose reached statistical significance. In both sexes consumption of olive oil and vegetable oil was inversely associated with serum cholesterol and glucose levels and systolic blood pressure. These findings were adjusted for confounding effects of other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. These cross-sectional findings from a large population sample suggest that consumption of butter may detrimentally affect coronary risk factors, while polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats may be associated with a lower coronary risk profile.
Language of Publication
English
Unique Identifier
90112720

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MeSH Heading (Major)
Butter|*; Coronary Disease|*ET; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated|*AD; Plant Oils|*AD
MeSH Heading
Adult; Dietary Fats|AD; Female; Human; Hypercholesterolemia|ET; Italy; Male; Middle Age; Risk Factors; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Publication Type
JOURNAL ARTICLE
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0098-7484
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UNITED STATES

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SUBSCRIBE:  The Wednesday Letter is a free electronic monthly newsletter written and published by Karl Loren.  You can view more than 50 back issues of this publication by clicking here.  The Wednesday Letter subscription list is maintained on a secure server, no name is ever given or sold to anyone, and it is never used except for this Newsletter.  It is automatically published on the Tuesday night just before the first Wednesday of every month.  You can subscribe to this free monthly electronic letter by entering your eMail address and name below.  You will then automatically receive a request for confirmation, sent to whatever address you have entered.  If you do NOT receive this confirmation request, then you will not be subscribed.  There may have been an error with your address and you should resubmit.  The letter is never sent twice to the same address -- so you do not have to worry about a duplicate subscription.  When you receive this confirmation request you must reply to it, or your subscription will not become active.  No one can subscribe your name, and address, without you being notified, and if you get an unwanted notice of subscription you only need to DO NOTHING and the subscription will NOT be active.

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Click here to add the Wednesday Letter as a Channel on your desktop.   If your browser is so-equipped, you will be guided through a series of simple questions (about subscription information).  Depending on your choices you can show the Vibrant Life Wednesday Letter as one of your "active channels" which will automatically download the new Wednesday Letter every month.  In this way you can have the Wednesday Letter delivered to your desktop during the night (or your schedule) for immediate viewing in your browser.  You can turn on or off this channel, at will, and delete the channel from your desktop at any time.  With this feature operating you can click on the Wednesday Letter channel at any time to read the most recent copy of this electronic letter.


You can reach Vibrant Life in many ways, including by mail to Vibrant Life, 2808 N. Naomi St., Burbank, CA 91504.  Within the US and Canada, use the toll free number:  (800) 523-4521, the local number:  (818) 558-1799, the FAX:  (818) 558-7299, eMail to kimberly@oralchelation.com or any one of the hundreds of message forms throughout the 50 web sites.  Vibrant Life normally ships the same day we get an order.  There are message forms on each of the 100,000+ pages on this and other sites where you can communicate with Vibrant Life.  Check out our companion site, at:  http://www.oralchelation.net where Karl's 2000 page book is published.  Karl Loren is the author and webmaster for this BOOK, as well as for another web site about ORAL CHELATION.  His personal philosophical articles are at PHILOSOPHY

Copyright © May 20, 2008 6:25 AM by Karl Loren on behalf of Vibrant Life, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.  Permission is granted for non-commercial downloading, copying, distribution or redistribution on two conditions:  One, that some form of copyright notice is included in every copy distributed or copied, showing the copyright belonging to Vibrant Life, Burbank, CA, at www.oralchelation.com . The second condition is that the material is not to be used for any purpose contrary to the purposes and objectives of this site.  This permission does not extend to materials on this site which are copyrighted by others.

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Click here to add the Wednesday Letter as a Channel on your desktop.   If your browser is so-equipped, you will be guided through a series of simple questions (about subscription information).  Depending on your choices you can show the Vibrant Life Wednesday Letter as one of your "active channels" which will automatically download the new Wednesday Letter every month.  In this way you can have the Wednesday Letter delivered to your desktop during the night (or your schedule) for immediate viewing in your browser.  You can turn on or off this channel, at will, and delete the channel from your desktop at any time.  With this feature operating you can click on the Wednesday Letter channel at any time to read the most recent copy of this electronic letter.


You can reach Vibrant Life in many ways, including by mail to Vibrant Life, 2808 N. Naomi St., Burbank, CA 91504.  Within the US and Canada, use the toll free number:  (800) 523-4521, the local number:  (818) 558-1799, the FAX:  (818) 558-7299, eMail to kimberly@oralchelation.com or any one of the hundreds of message forms throughout the 50 web sites.  Vibrant Life normally ships the same day we get an order.  There are message forms on each of the 100,000+ pages on this and other sites where you can communicate with Vibrant Life.  Check out our companion site, at:  http://www.oralchelation.net where Karl's 2000 page book is published.  Karl Loren is the author and webmaster for this BOOK, as well as for another web site about ORAL CHELATION.  His personal philosophical articles are at PHILOSOPHY

Copyright © May 20, 2008 6:25 AM by Karl Loren on behalf of Vibrant Life, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.  Permission is granted for non-commercial downloading, copying, distribution or redistribution on two conditions:  One, that some form of copyright notice is included in every copy distributed or copied, showing the copyright belonging to Vibrant Life, Burbank, CA, at www.oralchelation.com . The second condition is that the material is not to be used for any purpose contrary to the purposes and objectives of this site.  This permission does not extend to materials on this site which are copyrighted by others.

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Click here to add the Wednesday Letter as a Channel on your desktop.   If your browser is so-equipped, you will be guided through a series of simple questions (about subscription information).  Depending on your choices you can show the Vibrant Life Wednesday Letter as one of your "active channels" which will automatically download the new Wednesday Letter every month.  In this way you can have the Wednesday Letter delivered to your desktop during the night (or your schedule) for immediate viewing in your browser.  You can turn on or off this channel, at will, and delete the channel from your desktop at any time.  With this feature operating you can click on the Wednesday Letter channel at any time to read the most recent copy of this electronic letter.


You can reach Vibrant Life in many ways, including by mail to Vibrant Life, 2808 N. Naomi St., Burbank, CA 91504.  Within the US and Canada, use the toll free number:  (800) 523-4521, the local number:  (818) 558-1799, the FAX:  (818) 558-7299, eMail to kimberly@oralchelation.com or any one of the hundreds of message forms throughout the 50 web sites.  Vibrant Life normally ships the same day we get an order.  There are message forms on each of the 100,000+ pages on this and other sites where you can communicate with Vibrant Life.  Check out our companion site, at:  http://www.oralchelation.net where Karl's 2000 page book is published.  Karl Loren is the author and webmaster for this BOOK, as well as for another web site about ORAL CHELATION.  His personal philosophical articles are at PHILOSOPHY

Copyright © May 20, 2008 6:25 AM by Karl Loren on behalf of Vibrant Life, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.  Permission is granted for non-commercial downloading, copying, distribution or redistribution on two conditions:  One, that some form of copyright notice is included in every copy distributed or copied, showing the copyright belonging to Vibrant Life, Burbank, CA, at www.oralchelation.com . The second condition is that the material is not to be used for any purpose contrary to the purposes and objectives of this site.  This permission does not extend to materials on this site which are copyrighted by others.

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What do you think of this site or ... ?  I promise to answer your comments, personally.



Click here to add the Wednesday Letter as a Channel on your desktop.   If your browser is so-equipped, you will be guided through a series of simple questions (about subscription information).  Depending on your choices you can show the Vibrant Life Wednesday Letter as one of your "active channels" which will automatically download the new Wednesday Letter every month.  In this way you can have the Wednesday Letter delivered to your desktop during the night (or your schedule) for immediate viewing in your browser.  You can turn on or off this channel, at will, and delete the channel from your desktop at any time.  With this feature operating you can click on the Wednesday Letter channel at any time to read the most recent copy of this electronic letter.


You can reach Vibrant Life in many ways, including by mail to Vibrant Life, 2808 N. Naomi St., Burbank, CA 91504.  Within the US and Canada, use the toll free number:  (800) 523-4521, the local number:  (818) 558-1799, the FAX:  (818) 558-7299, eMail to kimberly@oralchelation.com or any one of the hundreds of message forms throughout the 50 web sites.  Vibrant Life normally ships the same day we get an order.  There are message forms on each of the 100,000+ pages on this and other sites where you can communicate with Vibrant Life.  Check out our companion site, at:  http://www.oralchelation.net where Karl's 2000 page book is published.  Karl Loren is the author and webmaster for this BOOK, as well as for another web site about ORAL CHELATION.  His personal philosophical articles are at PHILOSOPHY

Copyright © May 20, 2008 6:25 AM by Karl Loren on behalf of Vibrant Life, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.  Permission is granted for non-commercial downloading, copying, distribution or redistribution on two conditions:  One, that some form of copyright notice is included in every copy distributed or copied, showing the copyright belonging to Vibrant Life, Burbank, CA, at www.oralchelation.com . The second condition is that the material is not to be used for any purpose contrary to the purposes and objectives of this site.  This permission does not extend to materials on this site which are copyrighted by others.