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Record 1
from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Results of loading doses of
aspartame by two phenylketonuric (PKU)
children compared with two normal
children.
- Author
- Koch R; Schaeffler G; Shaw NF
- Address
-
- Source
- J Toxicol Environ Health, 1976 Nov,
2:2, 459-69
- Abstract
- Separate tolerance tests with
aspartame at 34 mg/kg-day and
phenylalanine at 19 mg/kg-day were
compared. The results reveal that
slight serum elevation of
phenylalanine and tyrosine occurred in
the two PKU and the normal healthy
adolescents. It would appear that the
phenylalanine in the sweetener
aspartame is small enough to be of
little clinical significance.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77097101
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Aspartame|*PD; Dipeptides|*PD;
Phenylketonurias|BL/*UR
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Child; Female;
Glutamine|AA/UR; Human; Male;
Phenylacetates|UR; Phenylalanine|BL/UR;
Phenylpyruvic Acids|UR; Tyrosine|BL
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0098-4108
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 2
from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Use of aspartame in phenylketonuric
heteroxygous adults.
- Author
- Koch R; Shaw KN; Williamson M; Haber
M
- Address
-
- Source
- J Toxicol Environ Health, 1976 Nov,
2:2, 453-7
- Abstract
- Asparatame, a new artificial
sweetener, was administered to 45
obligate phenylketonuric adults for 28
wk. This new sweetening agent was well
tolerated, and no untoward medical or
biochemical changes were noted.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77097100
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Aspartame|AE/*PD; Dipeptides|*PD;
Heterozygote|*; Phenylketonurias|*BL
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Clinical Trials; Female;
Human; Male; Middle Age;
Phenylalanine|BL; Placebos;
Tyrosine|BL
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0098-4108
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 3
from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Comparative metabolism of aspartame
in experimental animals and humans.
- Author
- Ranney RE; Oppermann JA; Muldoon E;
McMahon FG
- Address
-
- Source
- J Toxicol Environ Health, 1976 Nov,
2:2, 441-51
- Abstract
- Aspartame [SC-18862;
3-amino-N-(alpha-carboxyphenethyl)
succinamic acid, methyl ester, the
methyl ester of aspartylphenylalanine]
is a sweetening agent that
organoleptically has about 180 times
the sweetness of sugar. The metabolism
of aspartame has been studied in mice,
rats, rabbits, dogs, monkeys, and
humans. The compound was digested in
all species in the same way as are
natural constituents of the diet.
Hydrolysis of the methyl group by
intestinal esterases yielded methanol,
which was oxidized in the one-carbon
metabolic pool to CO2. The resultant
dipeptide was split at the mucosal
surface by dipeptidases and the free
amino acids were absorbed. The
aspartic acid moiety was transformed
in large part to CO2 through its entry
into the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Phenylalanine was primarily
incorporated into body protein either
unchanged or as its major metabolite,
tyrosine.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77097099
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Aspartame|*ME; Dipeptides|*ME
- MeSH Heading
- Animal; Aspartic Acid|ME; Carbon
Radioisotopes; Comparative Study;
Dogs; Haplorhini; Human; Methanol|ME;
Mice; Phenylalanine|ME; Rabbits; Rats
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0098-4108
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 4
from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Effects of aspartame in young
persons during weight reduction.
- Author
- Knopp RH; Brandt K; Arky RA
- Address
-
- Source
- J Toxicol Environ Health, 1976 Nov,
2:2, 417-28
- Abstract
- Given the potential use of a
low-calorie sweetener during weight
reduction, a toxicity study of chronic
aspartame ingestion was conducted.
Particular attention was given to
possible long-term effects of
aspartame on the fuel hormonal
alterations characteristically caused
by weight reduction. As a group mean
age was 19.3 yr, body weight was 164.6
lb, and mean height was 65.4 in.
Subjects were an average of 33% in
excess of ideal body weight. The
aspartame dose was 2.7 g/day and was
compared on a double-blind randomized
basis with a lactose placebo. Both
materials were given in gelatin
capsules. An average of 6.9 +/- 1.5 lb
was lost by the aspartame group during
the 13-wk study on a calculated
1,000-calorie diet. The placebo group
lost 4.5 +/- 1.2 lb (no significant
difference between the two groups).
After an overnight fast, reductions in
glucose and immunoreactive insulin
were seen in both groups, while rising
trends in immunoreactive glucagon were
observed. These changes are all
characteristic of calorie restriction.
In no instance was there a detectable
effect of the ingested aspartame. No
meaningful effect of weight reduction
or aspartame was seen on plasma
triglyceride and cholesterol, nor on
any other parameter of hematologic,
hepatic, or renal function that was
measured. Similarly, side effects were
equally distributed between asparatame
and placebo.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77097097
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Aspartame|*/AE; Diet, Reducing|*;
Dipeptides|*; Obesity|BL/*DH/UR
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Amino Acids|BL;
Blood Coagulation Tests; Blood
Glucose|AN; Body Weight; Child;
Clinical Trials; Female; Glucagon|BL;
Human; Insulin|BL; Male; Methanol|UR;
Placebos; Support, U.S. Gov't,
Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S.
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE;
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 0098-4108
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 5
from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Use of aspartame by apparently
healthy children and adolescents.
- Author
- Frey GH
- Address
-
- Source
- J Toxicol Environ Health, 1976 Nov,
2:2, 401-15
- Abstract
- This study was conducted to
determine the effects and the
differences, if any, resulting from
the ingestion of aspartame (sweetener)
versus sucrose. A 13-wk, double-blind
study was conducted using 126
apparently healthy children and
adolescents as panelists. Individuals
were randomly assigned in a
double-blind design to aspartame or
sucrose in each of five age groups;
dosage levels were assigned according
to age and weight groups. Physical
examinations and special eye
examinations were performed at the
beginning and end of the study. Other
parameters determined including
laboratory tests of liver and renal
function, hematologic status, and
plasma levels of phenylalanine and
tyrosine. Clinically significant
differences in laboratory parameters
measured could not be demonstrated;
all mean values were within normal
limits. No unusual findings were
observed in phenylalanine or tyrosine
levels. All phenylpyruvic acid and
methanol determinations were negative.
No important physical changes
occurred, and no product-related side
effects were reported.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77097096
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Aspartame|AE/*PD; Dipeptides|*PD
- MeSH Heading
- Acne Vulgaris; Adolescence; Adult;
Body Weight; Child; Child, Preschool;
Clinical Trials; Comparative Study;
Female; Human; Male; Methanol|BL/UR;
Middle Age; Phenylalanine|BL;
Phenylpyruvic Acids|UR; Sucrose|PD;
Tyrosine|BL; Visual Acuity|DE
- Publication Type
- CLINICAL TRIAL; JOURNAL ARTICLE;
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
- ISSN
- 0098-4108
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 6
from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Effect of aspartame and aspartate
loading upon plasma and erythrocyte
free amino acid levels in normal adult
volunteers.
- Author
- Stegink LD; Filer LJ Jr; Baker GL
- Address
-
- Source
- J Nutr, 1977 Oct, 107:10, 1837-45
- Abstract
- Aspartame is a dipeptide (L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanyl-methyl
ester) with a sweeting potential 180
to 200 times that of sucrose.
Questions have been raised about
potential toxic effects of its
constituent amino acids, aspartate and
phenylalanine when the compound is
ingested in large amounts. Plasma and
erythrocyte amino acid levels were
measured in 12 normal subjects after
administration of either Aspartame (34
mg/kg) or equimolar quantities of
aspartate (13 mg/kg) in a crossover
design. No changes in either plasma or
erythrocyte aspartate levels were
noted at any time after either
Aspartame or aspartate ingestion.
Plasma phenylalanine levels decrease
slightly after aspartate loading, and
increased from fasting levels (4.9 +/-
1 mumoles/100 ml) to 10.7 +/- 1.9
mumoles/100 ml about 45 to 60 minutes
after Aspartame loading. Phenylalanine
levels returned to baseline by 4
hours. Erythrocyte phenylalanine
levels showed similar changes.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 78007365
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Amino Acids|*BL; Aspartame|ME/PD/*TO;
Aspartic Acid|BL/PD/*TO; Dipeptides|*TO;
Erythrocytes|DE/*ME
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Energy Intake; Female; Human;
Male; Phenylalanine|BL
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0022-3166
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 7
from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- A review of the metabolism of the
aspartyl moiety of aspartame in
experimental animals and man.
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