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Study Finds Possible Cancer Risk From Some Fried Foods

Source

Information about acrylamide

Acrylamide in our drinking water

WHO hosts urgent meeting on acrylamide in food -- June 2002

 

The Wall Street Journal  

June 6, 2002

FROM THE ARCHIVES: June 6, 2002

Study Finds Possible Cancer Risk From Some Fried Foods


DOW JONES NEWSWIRES
 

OSLO (AP)--The Norwegian Food Control Authority said Thursday that a scientific study found high levels of a probable cancer-causing substance in several high carbohydrate foods that it said confirmed findings in Sweden.

The governmental agency ordered the chemical analysis of some 30 foods after Swedish scientists in April reported that potato chips, french fries and other high carbohydrate foods contain acrylamide, which may cause cancer.

Acrylamide forms when carbohydrates are heated in some cooking processes such as deep-frying potatoes or baking bread, according to the findings.

"Some carbohydrate-rich fried foods contain large quantities of the suspected cancer causing substance acrylamide," the agency said in a statement.

Mary Ellen Camire, a food scientist and nutritionist at the University of Maine, was skeptical.

She said fried foods contain a lot of chemicals that aren't healthy but that the link between cancer and acrylamide wasn't clear and there was no reason to tell people to stop eating food products just because they contain the chemical.

[Karl Note:  Ms. Camire has apparently NOT read the most basic information about this chemical -- acrylamide -- see below.  CLICK HERE for the dangers of this chemical in our drinking water -- many tons of this are released in the US every year.]

"Bread and rye crisps and breakfast cereals have a lot of health benefits. And if we start cutting back on those, what's going to fill the void?" she said.

After the Swedish study was released, the World Health Organization announced plans for a meeting of experts on the relationship between high carbohydrate foods and cancer, saying more study was required.

At the time, WHO said that while much is known about the effects of acrylamide on animals, there is far less information about its effect on humans. It said the Swedish findings did not change basic dietary advice to eat less fat and more fruit and vegetables.

The Norwegian agency used the types of foods identified by the Swedes as high in acrylamide as a basis for picking products from grocery stores in Oslo to be analyzed.

The study found that potato chips had the highest acrylamide level, 90 times higher than bread, which had the lowest level.

The authority noted great variation between brands, indicating that production techniques can reduce the levels in a product.

"We are in a close dialogue with food producers and have been informed that they are working actively to reduce the acrylamide levels in Norwegian food," agency director Gunnar Jordfald said.

The scientists also estimated that acrylamide in fried foods causes about 1% of diet-related cancer cases - or about 30 Norwegian a year - in the nation of 4.5 million people.

URL for this article:
http://online.wsj.com/article/0,,BT_CO_20020606_007262.djm,00.html

 
 

Updated June 6, 2002 4:57 p.m. EDT
 
Copyright 2002 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Printing, distribution, and use of this material is governed by your Subscription agreement and Copyright laws.

For information about subscribing go to http://www.wsj.com

Source

ACRYLAMIDE

MSDS Number: A1550 --- Effective Date: 03/01/00

1. Product Identification

Synonyms: 2-Propenamide; ethylene carboxamide; acrylic amide; vinyl amide
CAS No.: 79-06-1
Molecular Weight: 71.09
Chemical Formula: CH2CHCONH2
Product Codes:
J.T. Baker: 4080, 4081, 5530
Mallinckrodt: 7717

2. Composition/Information on Ingredients


 

  Ingredient                                CAS No         Percent   Hazardous
  ---------------------------------------   ------------   -------   ---------
  Acrylamide                                79-06-1          100%       Yes

3. Hazards Identification

Emergency Overview
--------------------------
WARNING! HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. AFFECTS CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. SUSPECT CANCER HAZARD. MAY CAUSE CANCER. Risk of cancer depends on level and duration of exposure. POSSIBLE BIRTH DEFECT HAZARD. MAY CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS BASED ON ANIMAL DATA. THERMALLY UNSTABLE. MAY POLYMERIZE EXPLOSIVELY IF HEATED TO THE MELTING POINT.

J.T. Baker SAF-T-DATA(tm) Ratings (Provided here for your convenience)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Health Rating: 3 - Severe (Cancer Causing)
Flammability Rating: 1 - Slight
Reactivity Rating: 3 - Severe (Explosive)
Contact Rating: 3 - Severe (Life)
Lab Protective Equip: GOGGLES; LAB COAT; VENT HOOD; PROPER GLOVES
Storage Color Code: Yellow Stripe (Store Separately)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Potential Health Effects
----------------------------------

Acrylamide is a suspected human carcinogen, severe neurotoxin, and causes irritation of the eyes, skin (is readily absorbed), and respiratory tract.

Inhalation:
May cause drowsiness, tingling sensations, fatigue, weakness, stumbling, slurred speech, and shaking. May cause central and peripheral nervous system damage. Severe intoxications may cause permanent nerve damage. Causes irritation to the respiratory tract. May affect reproductive system and act as a teratogen.
Ingestion:
Toxic! May cause systemic poisoning with symptoms paralleling those of inhalation.
Skin Contact:
May cause irritation and redness. Can be absorbed through the skin causing systemic poisoning; symptoms may parallel inhalation.
Eye Contact:
Solutions may cause irritation.
Chronic Exposure:
Prolonged or repeated exposure through any route may cause muscular weakness, incoordination, skin rashes, excessive sweating of hands and feet, cold hands, peeling of the skin, numbness, abnormal skin or muscle sensations, fatigue, and cause central and peripheral nervous system damage. Suspect cancer hazard. May cause cancer. May affect the reproductive system and act as a teratogen.
Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions:
Persons with pre-existing skin disorders, eye problems or central or peripheral nervous system conditions may be more susceptible to the effects of this substance.

4. First Aid Measures

Because of the toxic and highly absorptive nature of acrylamide, quickly providing first aid helps to minimize health effects.
Inhalation:
Remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Call a physician.
Ingestion:
Induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Call a physician.
Skin Contact:
Immediately flush skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get medical attention. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse.
Eye Contact:
Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
 

5. Fire Fighting Measures

Fire:
Flash point: 138C (280F) CC
Autoignition temperature: 240C (464F)
Combustible solid.
Explosion:
Not considered an explosive hazard, but an explosion may occur upon polymerization. Polymerization may be caused by exposure to heat, U.V. light, oxidizers, or peroxides.
Fire Extinguishing Media:
Water spray, dry chemical, alcohol foam, or carbon dioxide.
Special Information:
In the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

6. Accidental Release Measures

Remove all sources of ignition. Ventilate area of leak or spill. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment as specified in Section 8. Spills: Clean up spills in a manner that does not disperse dust into the air. Use non-sparking tools and equipment. Reduce airborne dust and prevent scattering by moistening with water. Pick up spill for recovery or disposal and place in a closed container. US Regulations (CERCLA) require reporting spills and releases to soil, water and air in excess of reportable quantities. The toll free number for the US Coast Guard National Response Center is (800) 424-8802.

 

7. Handling and Storage

Keep in a tightly closed container. Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from sources of heat or ignition. Protect against physical damage. Store separately from reactive or combustible materials, and out of direct sunlight. Isolate from oxidizing materials and peroxides. Store away from acids and alkalies. Wear special protective equipment (Sec. 8) for maintenance break-in or where exposures may exceed established exposure levels. Wash hands, face, forearms and neck when exiting restricted areas. Shower, dispose of outer clothing, change to clean garments at the end of the day. Avoid cross-contamination of street clothes. Wash hands before eating and do not eat, drink, or smoke in workplace. Containers of this material may be hazardous when empty since they retain product residues (dust, solids); observe all warnings and precautions listed for the product.

8. Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

Airborne Exposure Limits:
Acrylamide:
-OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL):
0.3 mg/m3 (TWA) (skin)
-ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV):
0.03 mg/m3 (TWA) (skin)
Listed as A3, animal carcinogen
Ventilation System:
A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved):
If the exposure limit is exceeded, a half-face respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and high efficiency dust/mist filter may be worn for up to ten times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. A full-face piece respirator with an organic vapor cartridge and high efficiency dust/mist filter may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency, or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-face piece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres. This compound possibly exists in both particulate and vapor phase. A gas/vapor cartridge should be used in addition to the particulate filter. If the vapor concentration alone exceeds the exposure limits, use a supplied air respirator, because warning properties are unknown for these compounds.
Skin Protection:
Rubber or neoprene gloves and additional protection including impervious boots, apron, or coveralls, as needed in areas of unusual exposure.
Eye Protection:
Use chemical safety goggles and/or full face shield where dusting or splashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
Other Control Measures:
Comments: Stress good personal cleanliness and housekeeping to prevent skin contact. Wear clean work clothing daily. Do not home launder. If clothes become contaminated, remove at once, wash the skin with soap and water and launder clothing before reuse. Destroy contaminated leather goods.

9. Physical and Chemical Properties

Appearance:
Colorless crystals.
Odor:
Odorless.
Solubility:
216 g/l00 g water @ 30C (86F)
Specific Gravity:
1.1222 @ 30C/4C
pH:
No information found.
% Volatiles by volume @ 21C (70F):
0
Boiling Point:
125C (257F)
Melting Point:
84.5C (183F)
Vapor Density (Air=1):
2.4 @ 175C
Vapor Pressure (mm Hg):
0.007 @ 20C (68F)
Evaporation Rate (BuAc=1):
No information found.
 

10. Stability and Reactivity

Stability:
May polymerize explosively. Thermally unstable. Polymerization may be caused by exposure to heat, U.V. light, oxidizers, or peroxides. May be stabilized with hydroquinone, t-butylpyrocatechol, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, or other antioxidants.
Hazardous Decomposition Products:
Burning may produce ammonia, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides. Hydrogen gas.
Hazardous Polymerization:
Acrylamide readily polymerizes on exposure to heat, U.V. light, oxidizers, or peroxides.
Incompatibilities:
Acids, oxidizing agents, and bases. Spontaneously reacts with hydroxyl-, amino-, and sulfhydryl- containing compounds.
Conditions to Avoid:
Heat, shock, UV light, ignition sources, and incompatibles.

11. Toxicological Information


For Acrylamide: oral rat LD50: 124 mg/kg; skin rabbit LD50: 1680 uL/kg; investigated as a tumorigen, mutagen, reproductive effector.
 

  --------\Cancer Lists\------------------------------------------------------
                                         ---NTP Carcinogen---
  Ingredient                             Known    Anticipated    IARC Category
  ------------------------------------   -----    -----------    -------------
  Acrylamide (79-06-1)                    No          Yes            2A

12. Ecological Information

Environmental Fate:
When released into the soil, this material is expected to leach into groundwater. When released into the soil, this material may biodegrade to a moderate extent. This material is not expected to significantly bioaccumulate. When released into the air, this material may be removed from the atmosphere to a moderate extent by wet deposition.
Environmental Toxicity:
This material is not expected to be toxic to aquatic life. The LC50/96-hour values for fish are over 100 mg/l.

13. Disposal Considerations

Whatever cannot be saved for recovery or recycling should be handled as hazardous waste and sent to a RCRA approved incinerator or disposed in a RCRA approved waste facility. Processing, use or contamination of this product may change the waste management options. State and local disposal regulations may differ from federal disposal regulations. Dispose of container and unused contents in accordance with federal, state and local requirements.

14. Transport Information

Domestic (Land, D.O.T.)
-----------------------
Proper Shipping Name: ACRYLAMIDE
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN/NA: UN2074
Packing Group: III
Information reported for product/size: 12KG

International (Water, I.M.O.)
-----------------------------
Proper Shipping Name: ACRYLAMIDE, SOLID
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN/NA: UN2074
Packing Group: III
Information reported for product/size: 12KG

International (Air, I.C.A.O.)
-----------------------------
Proper Shipping Name: ACRYLAMIDE
Hazard Class: 6.1
UN/NA: UN2074
Packing Group: III
Information reported for product/size: 12KG
 

15. Regulatory Information

  --------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 1\---------------------------------
  Ingredient                                       TSCA  EC   Japan  Australia
  -----------------------------------------------  ----  ---  -----  ---------
  Acrylamide (79-06-1)                              Yes  Yes   Yes      Yes
  --------\Chemical Inventory Status - Part 2\---------------------------------
                                                          --Canada--
  Ingredient                                       Korea  DSL   NDSL  Phil.
  -----------------------------------------------  -----  ---   ----  -----
  Acrylamide (79-06-1)                              Yes   Yes   No     Yes
  --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 1\----------------
                                             -SARA 302-    ------SARA 313------
  Ingredient                                 RQ    TPQ     List  Chemical Catg.
  -----------------------------------------  ---   -----   ----  --------------
  Acrylamide (79-06-1)                       5000  1,000*  Yes        No
  --------\Federal, State & International Regulations - Part 2\----------------
                                                        -RCRA-    -TSCA-
  Ingredient                                 CERCLA     261.33     8(d)
  -----------------------------------------  ------     ------    ------
  Acrylamide (79-06-1)                       5000       U007       No
Chemical Weapons Convention:  No     TSCA 12(b):  No     CDTA:  No
SARA 311/312:  Acute: Yes      Chronic: Yes  Fire: No  Pressure: No
Reactivity: Yes         (Pure / Solid)

WARNING:
THIS PRODUCT CONTAINS A CHEMICAL(S) KNOWN TO THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA TO CAUSE CANCER.

Australian Hazchem Code: 2PE
Poison Schedule: No information found.
WHMIS:
This MSDS has been prepared according to the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) and the MSDS contains all of the information required by the CPR.
 

16. Other Information

NFPA Ratings: Health: 2 Flammability: 2 Reactivity: 2
Label Hazard Warning:
WARNING! HARMFUL IF SWALLOWED, INHALED OR ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN. AFFECTS CENTRAL AND PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. CAUSES IRRITATION TO SKIN, EYES AND RESPIRATORY TRACT. SUSPECT CANCER HAZARD. MAY CAUSE CANCER. Risk of cancer depends on level and duration of exposure. POSSIBLE BIRTH DEFECT HAZARD. MAY CAUSE BIRTH DEFECTS BASED ON ANIMAL DATA. THERMALLY UNSTABLE. MAY POLYMERIZE EXPLOSIVELY IF HEATED TO THE MELTING POINT.
Label Precautions:
Do not breathe dust.
Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing.
Keep container closed.
Use only with adequate ventilation.
Wash thoroughly after handling.
Keep away from heat, sparks and flame.
Protect from U.V. light, oxidizers and peroxides.
Label First Aid:
If swallowed, induce vomiting immediately as directed by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes or skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash clothing before reuse. In all cases, get medical attention.
Product Use:
Laboratory Reagent.
Revision Information:
MSDS Section(s) changed since last revision of document include: 14, 16.
Disclaimer:
************************************************************************************************
Mallinckrodt Baker, Inc. provides the information contained herein in good faith but makes no representation as to its comprehensiveness or accuracy. This document is intended only as a guide to the appropriate precautionary handling of the material by a properly trained person using this product. Individuals receiving the information must exercise their independent judgment in determining its appropriateness for a particular purpose. MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE WITH RESPECT TO THE INFORMATION SET FORTH HEREIN OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH THE INFORMATION REFERS. ACCORDINGLY, MALLINCKRODT BAKER, INC. WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE FOR DAMAGES RESULTING FROM USE OF OR RELIANCE UPON THIS INFORMATION.
************************************************************************************************
Prepared by: Environmental Health & Safety
Phone Number: (314) 654-1600 (U.S.A.)

Consumer Factsheet on: ACRYLAMIDE

List of Contaminants

As part of the Drinking Water and Health pages, this fact sheet is part of a larger publication:
National Primary Drinking Water Regulations

This is a factsheet about a chemical that may be found in some public or private drinking water supplies. It may cause health problems if found in amounts greater than the health standard set by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

 

What is Acrylamide and how is it used?

 

Acrylamide is an organic solid of white, odorless, flake-like crystals. The greatest use of acrylamide is as a coagulant aid in drinking water treatment. Other uses of include: to improve production from oil wells; in making organic chemicals and dyes; in the sizing of paper and textiles; in ore processing; in the construction of dam foundations and tunnels.

 

The list of trade names given below may help you find out whether you are using this chemical at home or work.

 

Trade Names and Synonyms:

 

2-Propenamide
Acrylic amide
Ethylenecarboxamide
Amresco Acryl-40
Acrylagel
Optimum
 

Why is Acrylamide being Regulated?

 

In 1974, Congress passed the Safe Drinking Water Act. This law requires EPA to determine safe levels of chemicals in drinking water which do or may cause health problems. These non-enforceable levels, based solely on possible health risks and exposure, are called Maximum Contaminant Level Goals.

 

The MCLG for acrylamide has been set at zero because EPA believes this level of protection would not cause any of the potential health problems described below.

 

There are currently no acceptable means of detecting acrylamide in drinking water. In this case, EPA is requiring water suppliers to use a special treatment technique to control its amount in water. Since acrylamide is used in drinking water treatment processes, it is being controlled simply by limiting its use for this purpose.

 

These drinking water standards and the regulations for ensuring these standards are met, are called National Primary Drinking Water Regulations. All public water supplies must abide by these regulations.

 

What are the Health Effects?

 

Short-term: EPA has found acrylamide to potentially cause the following health effects when people are exposed to it at levels above the MCL for relatively short periods of time: damage to the nervous system, weakness and incoordination in the legs.

 

Long-term: Acrylamide has the potential to cause the following effects from a lifetime exposure at levels above the MCL: damage to the nervous system, paralysis; cancer.

 

How much Acrylamide is produced and released to the environment?

 

Demand for acrylamide in the early 1990s was about 120 million pounds. The main source of concern for acrylamide in drinking water is from its use as a clarifier during water treatment. When added to water, it coagulates and traps suspended solids for easier removal. However, some acrylamide does not coagulate and remains in the water as a contaminant. Improvements in the production and use of acrylamide have made it possible to control this contamination to acceptable levels.

 

From 1987 to 1993, according to EPA's Toxic Chemical Release Inventory, acrylamide releases to land and water totalled over 40,000 lbs. These releases were primarily from plastics industries. The largest releases occurred in Michigan.

 

What happens to Acrylamide when it is released to the environment?

 

Acrylamide does not bind to soil and will move into soil rapidly, but it is degraded by microbes within a few days in soil and water. Its has little tendency to accumulate in fish.

 

How will Acrylamide be Detected in and Removed from My Drinking Water?

 

The regulation for acrylamide became effective in 1992. EPA requires your water supplier to show that when acrylamide is added to water, the amount of uncoagulated acrylamide is less than 0.5 ppb.

 

How will I know if Acrylamide is in my drinking water?

 

If the treatment technique for acrylamide fails, the system must notify the public via newspapers, radio, TV and other means. Additional actions, such as providing alternative drinking water supplies, may be required to prevent serious risks to public health.

 

Drinking Water Standards:

 

Mclg: zero

Mcl: Treatment Technique

 

Acrylamide Releases to Water and Land, 1987 to 1993 (in pounds):

 

 

Water

Land

TOTALS (in pounds)

36,287

5,818

 

Top Five States*

MI

12,200

0

 

WA

8,000

0

 

CT

5,690

0

 

LA

4,367

500

 

PA

2,505

20

 

AL

1,262

1,258

 

 

Major Industries*

Plastics and resins

19,002

2,177

 

Pulp mills

8,000

0

 

Indust. organics

3,107

2,200

 

Indust. inorganics

2,510

500

 

* Water/Land totals only include facilities with releases greater 100 lbs.

 

Learn more about your drinking water!

 

EPA strongly encourages people to learn more about their drinking water, and to support local efforts to protect and upgrade the supply of safe drinking water. Your water bill or telephone books government listings are a good starting point.

 

Your local water supplier can give you a list of the chemicals they test for in your water, as well as how your water is treated.

 

Your state Department of Health/Environment is also a valuable source of information.

 

For help in locating these agencies or for information on drinking water in general, call: EPAs Safe Drinking Water Hotline: (800) 426-4791.

 

For additional information on the uses and releases of chemicals in your state, contact the: Community Right-to-Know Hotline: (800) 535-0202.

WHO hosts urgent meeting on acrylamide in food -- June 2002

Associated Press

By CLARE NULLIS

Monday, June 24, 2002

 

GENEVA (AP) - Alarmed about new studies indicating that potato chips, french fries and certain types of bread contain a substance that may cause cancer, the World Health Organization has convened emergency consultations to evaluate the research and decide what action to take.

The three-day meeting, which opens Tuesday, follows the publication in April of a Swedish study that some starch-based foods cooked at high temperatures contained acrylamide.

Acrylamide, used to produce plastics and dyes and to purify drinking water, has been shown to be carcinogenic in animal experiments and is suspected of causing cancer among people exposed to high levels for long periods. Although traces of it have been found in water, its possible presence at high levels in basic foods came as a shock.

``If what we know from water and animal experiments is true, it could be a very significant source of cancer in humans,'' said Jorgen Schlundt, coordinator of WHO's food safety division.

``It is not just another food scare,'' he said.

Such was the level of WHO concern that it organized the gathering of 25 international experts within two months of the publication of the Swedish study. According to Schlundt, this set a ``world record'' for the U.N. health agency, which usually takes about one year to organize meetings of experts to review scientific data.

Schlundt said that WHO's concern had been vindicated by subsequent studies in Norway, Britain and Switzerland, which basically backed up the findings of Sweden's National Food Administration.

``It is not a case of a batch of wrong results from scientists,'' he said. ``Everybody who has any expertise understands this is a potential threat.''

Even so, a number of scientists have voiced misgivings about the validity of the Swedish results, which were based on 100 foods, and were released at a government press conference rather than passing through normal peer review procedures in a scientific journal.

The Swedish researchers said that ``fried, oven-baked and deep-fried potato and cereal products may contain high levels of acrylamide.'' The same results were not found in boiled products.

Swedish government scientists estimated it could be responsible for several hundred of the 45,000 cancer cases in the country each year, based on experiments in which rats were fed fried food.

Schlundt said the type of cancers provoked by acrylamide in animals were not just limited to the digestive tract, but also included the mammary and testicular glands, and skin. But he stressed there was no evidence to suggest this could apply to humans.

He said it was premature to predict whether the meeting would urge dietary changes, or recommend further studies in specific areas.

Regardless of the acrylamide fears, there is basic consensus that people should limit consumption of fried and fatty foods if they want a healthy diet. But it would prove more difficult to issue advice concerning bread - and only certain types are so far implicated - given its importance in many national diets.

``We hope we will be able to look at the limited amount of data available and come up with reasonable suggestions on what the picture is and what are the holes in our knowledge,'' said Schlundt.

The meeting is organized jointly with the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization. WHO refused to release a list of participants at the meeting, saying it wanted to ensure their scientific integrity. It said that the majority were from Europe and North America.

 

 


 
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