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Record 1
from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Heavy metal levels and delta-amino-levulinic
acid dehydrase levels in peripheral
polyneuropathy.
- Author
- Melgaard B; Clausen J; Rastogi SC
- Address
-
- Source
- Acta Neurol Scand, 1976 Apr, 53:4,
291-307
- Abstract
- On the basis of assay of heavy metals
in whole blood (lead, cadimum, chromium,
copper, nickel and manganese) and
delta-amino-levulinic-acid dehydrase
(ALA-D) and ALA in urine in a normal
Danish population, the levels of these
clinco-chemical factors were assayed in
23 patients with peripheral neuropathy
of unknown etiology. All patients
studied showed electro-physiological
sign of denervation and/or reduced motor
or sensoric nerve conduction velocity.
Cadmium and manganese were never found
to be increased. In all but four
patients, an increase of one or more
heavy metals was found. Ten patients
showed raised levels of two or more
metals, the dominant metal being lead
(10 cases), nine patients showed
increased in chromium. A significant
corrleation was found between increasing
lead levels and decreasing ALA-D
activity. Although normal concentrations
of manganese were found, correlation
analysis revealed a significant
correlation between increased manganese
and decreased ALA-D. The raised values
of heavy metals could not be traced to
occupational or other exposure to heavy
metals and the increased values were not
related to tobacco consumption. The
findings are discussed in relation to
known data on neuropathy and the results
seem to indicate a multifactorial
patholgenesis of the disease. Among
factors contributing to the
precipitation of the syndrome may be
raised levels of heavy metals.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 76181095
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Hydro-Lyases|*BL; Metals|*BL;
Peripheral Nervous System
Diseases|*BL/EN; Porphobilinogen
Synthase|*BL
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Aged; Aminolevulinic Acid|UR;
Cadmium|BL; Chromium|BL; Copper|BL;
Female; Human; Lead|BL; Male;
Manganese|BL; Middle Age; Nickel|BL
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0001-6314
- Country of Publication
- DENMARK
Record 2 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Arsenic exposure in multiple
environmental media in children near a
smelter.
- Author
- Morse DL; Harrington JM; Housworth J;
Landrigan PJ; Kelter A
- Address
-
- Source
- Clin Toxicol, 1979 Apr, 14:4, 389-99
- Abstract
- A nationwide survey of heavy-metal
exposure in children living near primary
nonferrous metal smelters demonstrated
high urine arsenic levels in children
living near a copper smelter in Ajo,
Arizona. Airborne smelter emissions and
drinking water were the apparent sources
of exposure. To determine whether
increased arsenic absorption had
produced adverse health effects, we
conducted an evaluation of 132 Ajo
children 5 to 18 years old and compared
results with those of 47 children from a
comparison town with low arsenic
exposure. Environmental testing showed
that Ajo's municipal water supply
contained arsenic in concentrations of
0.09 mg/l (the EPA standard is 0.05
mg/l); arsenic concentrations in dust
averaged 342.2 microgram/g. Urine
arsenic levels in Ajo children
correlated positively with amount of
tap-water consumed (r = .32, p less
than. 0002) and with distance of
residence from the smelter (r = .20, p
less than .02). Tap-water drinkers had
significantly higher urine arsenic
levels than bottled water drinkers (t =
4.21 p less than .001). Mean urine
arsenic levels were significantly higher
for children in Ajo (4.75 microgram/100
ml) than for children in the comparison
town (1.17 microgram/100 ml). Hair
arsenic levels correlated poorly with
arsenic exposure. Despite the study
population's chronic exposure to
elevated environmental levels of
arsenic, no clinical or hematologic
abnormalities attributable to arsenic
were found.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 79235335
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Arsenic|*AN/PO/UR; Metallurgy|*
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Arizona; Body Burden;
Child; Child, Preschool; Copper; Dust|AN;
Environmental Exposure; Hair|AN; Human;
Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Water
Supply|AN
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0009-9309
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 3 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Application of covalent affinity
chromatography with thiol-disulphide
interchange for determination of
environmental exposition to heavy metals
based on the quantitative determination
of Zn-thionein from physiological human
fluids by indirect method based on
analysis of metal contents.
- Author
- Kabzinski AK
- Address
- University of LÆodÆz, Department of
General and Inorganic Chemistry, Poland.
- Source
- Biomed Chromatogr, 1998 Sep, 12:5,
281-90
- Abstract
- Intoxication with heavy metals results
in numerous poisonings and diseases.
They disturb metabolism of the system,
are the source of cancer, degeneration
changes and others. As a result of
kidney damage the urine of people
exposed to heavy metals contains
different low molecular weight proteins,
oligopeptides and amino acids,
indicating pathological changes. One of
the proteins is a very specific
metallopolythiopolypeptide--metallothionein
(MT). Based on earlier investigations, a
very good correlations has been found
between the contents of metallothionein
in urine and plasma and the
concentration of heavy metals in the
blood, urine, kidneys, liver and brain
and general in level of exposition to
heavy metals. The aim of our
investigations was to carry out
quantitative isolation of Zn-thionein
(Zn-Th), in order to determine the level
of exposition to heavy metals. For Zn-Th
protein isolation by covalent affinity
chromatography with thiol-disulphide
interchange (CAC-TDI) was applied, which
is a modern technique of separation of a
high affinity, good repeatability and
reproducibility, allowing specific
isolation of the thiol-proteins CAC-TDI
gel was used as a solid-phase extraction
(SPE) support for preconcentration of
Zn-Th protein and Zn bonded with Zn-Th
from water, rine, plasma and breast milk
samples. The investigations showed
unfavourable effect of the support on
separation of thiol proteins and good
correlation between the concentration of
MTs protein added to water, plasma and
urine and the concentration of protein
indirectly determined via atomic
absorption spectrometric (AAS) method,
by preconcentration on SPE support
metals formerly bound with MT protein
and absorbed on CAC-TDI gel and
calculated from metals concentration.
The present paper is a continuation of
earlier experiments on quantitation of
Hg-thionein and Cd-thionein in
physiological fluids and homogenates.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 99004168
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Chromatography, Affinity|*MT;
Disulfides|*AN; Environmental
Exposure|*; Metallothionein|*AN/BL/UR;
Metals, Heavy|*AN
- MeSH Heading
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Human;
Milk, Human|CH; Reproducibility of
Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0269-3879
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 4 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Urinary kallikrein activity of workers
exposed to lead.
- Author
- Boscolo P; Porcelli G; Cecchetti G;
Salimei E; Iannaccone A
- Address
-
- Source
- Br J Ind Med, 1978 Aug, 35:3, 226-9
- Abstract
- Two groups of men of different age
ranges and with the same period of lead
exposure were selected for study in a
recently opened car-battery factory. Two
other groups of age-matched men, not
exposed to heavy metals in their work,
were used as controls. Morning urines
were collected from control and exposed
groups for determination of urinary
kallikrein activity, urinary
delta-amino-levulinic acid (ALA) and
lead levels. The environmental lead
levels and the urinary ALA and lead
values indicated that exposure in the
factory was not heavy. The older group
of lead-exposed workers showed greatly
reduced urinary kallikrein activity
compared with that of the age-matched
controls. In contrast, the younger group
did not show any significant alteration
in urinary kallikrein excretion.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 79021509
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Kallikreins|*UR; Lead|*/UR;
Occupational Medicine|*
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Age Factors; Aminolevulinic
Acid|UR; Environmental Exposure; Human;
Male; Middle Age
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0007-1072
- Country of Publication
- ENGLAND
Record 5 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Aerosol metallic paints: deliberate
inhalation. A study of inhalation and
or ingestion of copper and zinc
particles.
- Author
- Wilde C
- Address
-
- Source
- Int J Addict, 1975, 10:1, 127-34
- Abstract
- The preliminary and limited study
was made in an area where the metallic
spray paints are used as an intoxicant
by a significant percentage of the
student-population. Laboratory tests
show that individuals misusing these
unique products are ingesting and/or
inhaling large amounts of copper and
zinc which are excreted in the urine
and are possibly retained in body
tissue. No previous reports have been
found on this form of substance
misuse, and apparently no studies have
been conducted to determine the
physiological effects of such an
overload of heavy metals.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 75150866
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Administration, Intranasal|*;
Copper|*TO/UR; Paint|*;
Substance-Related Disorders|*;
Zinc|*TO/UR
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Aerosols;
Coma|CI; Hallucinations|CI;
Headache|CI; Human; Lung|DE; Lung
Diseases|RA; Male; Nausea|CI; Peer
Group; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.;
Violence
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0020-773X
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 6 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Variegate porphyria and heavy metal
poisoning from ingestion of
"moonshine".
- Author
- Hughes GS Jr; Davis L
- Address
-
- Source
- South Med J, 1983 Aug, 76:8, 1027-9
- Abstract
- A patient with cavitary
tuberculosis, hepatic cirrhosis,
bullous skin lesions over sun-exposed
surfaces, disorientation, and a
chronic, as well as recent, history of
illicit alcohol consumption was found
to have acute variegate porphyria by
characteristic fecal and urinary
porphyrin studies. Elevated levels of
lead and arsenic were found in serum
and urine without evidence of heavy
metal storage in hair and liver. We
suspect that the variegate porphyria
was precipitated by the ingestion of
heavy metals contained in illicit
alcohol. In a patient with
disorientation, bullous skin lesions,
and a history of illicit alcohol
ingestion, one must consider heavy
metal intoxication and secondary
porphyrin abnormalities.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 83275950
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Alcoholic Intoxication|*CO;
Arsenic|BL/*PO/UR; Lead Poisoning|*CO;
Porphyria|DI/*GE/PA
- MeSH Heading
- Aged; Alcoholism|CO; Case Report;
Feces|AN; Human; Liver Cirrhosis|CO;
Male; Porphyrins|AN/UR; Skin
Diseases|ET
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0038-4348
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 7 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Renal tubular dysfunction in
Minamata disease. Detection of renal
tubular antigen and beta-2-microglobin
in the urine.
- Author
- Iesato K; Wakashin M; Wakashin Y;
Tojo S
- Address
-
- Source
- Ann Intern Med, 1977 Jun, 86:6,
731-7
- Abstract
- "Minamata disease" was
found among the residents along
Minamata bay contaminated with the
effluent from an industrial plant
using mercury. The patients were
suffering from various neurologic
disorders primarily due to organic
mercury poisoning. Evidence is
described of renal tubular dysfunction
associated with this disease by the
immunochemical demonstration or renal
tubular epithelial antigen and
beta-2-microglobulin in the urine.
Nineteen patients with Minamata
disease and 35 diseased and healthy
control subjects were examined. The
contents of urinary renal tubular
epithelial antigen and
beta-2-microglobulin, and the ratios
of these proteins to albumin in
individuals with Minamata disease were
significantly different from the
levels in healthy control subjects (P
less than 0.05) were identical to
those found in patients with tubular
and the values, proteinuria. These
results indicate that Minamata disease
is associated with renal tubular
dysfunction, and also suggest that
these procedures would be useful for
screening the nephrotoxicity in the
environmental exposure of heavy
metals.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 77200071
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- beta 2-Microglobulin|*UR;
Antigens|*UR; Beta-Globulins|*UR;
Kidney Tubules|*IM; Mercury
Poisoning|IM/*UR
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Aged; Albuminuria;
Creatinine|UR; Epithelium|IM; Female;
Human; Immunoglobulins, Light-Chain|UR;
Male; Middle Age
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0003-4819
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 8 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Effects of molybdenum on the
organism (a review).
- Author
- Lener J; Bíbr B
- Address
-
- Source
- J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol,
1984, 28:4, 405-19
- Abstract
- Molybdenum belongs to a group of
essential microelements and occurs in
all components of the environment.
Major Mo sources for man are foods,
especially vegetable, to a lesser
extent drinking water. Its metabolism
is primarily influenced by interaction
with other metals, specifically copper
and iron. In the organism it is
primarily accumulated in the liver,
kidneys, skin and hard tissues. In the
blood it binds specifically with
alpha-2-macroglobulin, in the
erythrocytic membrane with spectrin;
it enhances the osmotic resistance of
red blood cells. From the organism it
is eliminated in the urine, bile and
feces. The biochemical importance of
molybdenum lies in that it catalyzes
the oxidation of xanthine and purine
bases and the reduction of nitrates
and molecular nitrogen; it is also
present in the prosthetic group of
flavoprotein enzymes. As shown in both
epidemiological and animal studies,
molybdenum ions may prevent dental
caries. Long-term overexposure to Mo
may produce molybdenosis (teart) in
cattle. Increased exposures of humans
may be primarily encountered in the
foundry industry, but the toxic
manifestations are invariably
nonspecific, similarly as in the case
of other heavy metals.
Molybdenum-exposed workers may also
show elevated uric acid concentrations
in their blood, simultaneously with
clinical symptoms resembling gout
(gout-like syndrome). A similar
finding may also occur among
individuals living in areas
characterized by elevated molybdenum
and decreased copper contents in soil.
The maximum allowable concentration
limits established for soluble and
insoluble molybdenum compounds in the
workplace air have been accepted in
many countries, but their values vary
in a wide range. No specific exposure
test for molybdenum has been developed
as yet.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 85132602
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Molybdenum|*/AN/TU
- MeSH Heading
- Adult; Animal; Bile|ME; Child;
Dental Caries|PC; Environmental
Exposure; Female; Food Analysis;
Human; Intestinal Absorption; Male;
Nutritive Value; Sulfates|ME; Tissue
Distribution; Water|AN; Xanthine
Oxidase|ME
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE; REVIEW
- ISSN
- 0022-1732
- Country of Publication
- CZECHOSLOVAKIA
Record 9 from database: MEDLINE
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- Title
- Misuse of hair analysis for
nutritional assessment.
- Author
- Rivlin RS
- Address
-
- Source
- Am J Med, 1983 Sep, 75:3, 489-93
- Abstract
- The analysis of hair for nutritional
assessment has a number of potential
pitfalls, which include: (1)
contamination by sweat, (2)
environmental contamination, (3)
influence of previous beauty
treatments, (4) critical dependence
upon location of the hair sample, (5)
paradoxic values depending upon the
rate of hair growth, and (6) lack of
clear definition of a normal range.
The results of measuring metal
concentrations in hair even under
ideal circumstances may not correlate
with those obtained in blood and
urine. Long-term exposure to heavy
metals, including lead, cadmium,
arsenic, and mercury, can be readily
identified by hair analysis. Little if
any value is derived from a random
examination of hair as the sole
procedure for nutritional assessment.
Nutritional recommendations should not
be based on the results of hair
analysis alone.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 83305834
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Copper|*AN; Hair|*AN/PA; Nutrition
Disorders|*ME; Zinc|*AN/BL/UR
- MeSH Heading
- Cosmetics; Environment; False
Positive Reactions; Female; Human;
Male; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.; Sweat;
Toxicology
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- ISSN
- 0002-9343
- Country of Publication
- UNITED STATES
Record 10 from database:
MEDLINE
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- Title
- Mercury in urine.--Sex, age and
geographic differences in a reference
population.
- Author
- Lie A; Gundersen N; Korsgaard KJ
- Address
-
- Source
- Scand J Work Environ Health, 1982
Jun, 8:2, 129-33
- Abstract
- The urine of 103 inhabitants from
Hadeland and 240 persons from Odda,
Norway, was examined with respect to
the content of mercury and creatinine.
Odda is a small community in a narrow
fiord on the western coast of Norway.
The sea water is polluted with mercury
and other heavy metals emitted from a
zinc smelter. Hadeland is a less
industrialized county in the eastern
part of Norway without any known
inorganic mercury contamination of the
external environment. None of the
participants of the study were
occupationally exposed to mercury. The
mercury excretion was significantly
higher among people living in Odda and
highest among those living close to
the zinc smelter. This finding
probably reflects a contamination of
the external environment. Women in
Odda and Hadeland had a higher mercury
excretion than the males of the
respective regions. Mercury excretion
also seemed to be age-dependent in
that there was a gradual reduction in
mercury excretion with advancing age.
Although there seem to be age- and
sex-dependent differences with respect
to mercury excretion, 100 nmol of
mercury/1 of urine and 10 nmol of
mercury/mmol of creatinine are
suggested as upper limits for
"normal" mercury excretion
among non-occupationally exposed
persons living in Norway.
- Language of Publication
- English
- Unique Identifier
- 83041216
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- MeSH Heading (Major)
- Environmental Pollutants|*;
Mercury|*UR
- MeSH Heading
- Adolescence; Adult; Age Factors;
Aged; Chemical Industry; Child; Child,
Preschool; Comparative Study; Female;
Human; Male; Middle Age; Norway; Rural
Population; Sex Factors; Urban
Population
- Publication Type
- JOURNAL ARTICLE
- Country of Publication
- FINLAND
Record 11 from database:
MEDLINE
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- Title
- Analysis of submicrogramme levels of
cadmium in whole blood, urine and hair
by graphite furnace atomic absorption
spectroscopy.
- Author
- Sharma RP; McKenzie JM; Kjellstrom T
- Address
-
- Source
- J Anal Toxicol, 1982 May, 6:3, 135-8
- Abstract
- Toxicological studies require the
analysis of heavy metals in many
widely differing samples. In this
paper, a simple and accurate method is
described for the determination of
cadmium in whole blood, urine, and
hair. The blood and urine samples were
digested in nitric acid at 70 degrees
C, and the hair was digested in a 1:1
mixture of nitric and sulphuric acid.
Altho
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